"Why, Bill, it's a crow's age sin' I seen ya." University' came in the way of the issue of our friend's The speaker was a Nottinghamshire man. C. C. B. CLENCH.-A few weeks since I found this word in use at Grendon, Northamptonshire, to describe a common weed which is the especial enemy of the farmer. It is not mentioned in Miss Baker's Northamptonshire Glossary,' or in Britten and Holland's English Plant-Names,' published by the English Dialect Society; but the kindness of a friend has enabled me to identify it with the corn crowfoot (Ranunculus arvensis of Linnæus), which is known by many opprobrious names. WILLIAM ALDIS WRIGHT. Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct, CANOE.-I should be glad of information as to the introduction of the canoe into this country as a pleasure-boat. Who introduced it, when, and where? After what native people's canoe was it modelled? It appears to me to resemble the Greenlander's kayak rather than any canoe. I should also be glad of quotations for canoe as an English craft before 1865, the date of the Rob Roy on the Jordan. I have vague accounts of their use at Oxford somewhere "in the fifties," but nothing definite. Contemporary papers must surely have chronicled the introduction of paddling instead of rowing into English aquatics, and thousands of people must be able to tell when and where they first saw a canoe. The Scriptorium, Oxford, J. A. H. MURRAY. work......Long ago he published his History of the Burgh Schools of Scotland,' over every line and sentence of which we know he spent the most critical care. It was to be succeeded by the Parish Schools,' and many still on the parish. Probably it will be found that the a joke have we cracked together as to whether he was Parish School History' has been left practically complete." Is there any reason to hope that either of these unpublished works will be given to the world? 2, East Craibstone Street, Aberdeen. P. J. ANDERSON. BISHOPS IN DISTRESS.-At Pittington, near Durham, some small contribution was made out of the parish funds for the relief of "the bishop of Gerese" (apparently written over 66 Gresia," qy. for "a bishop of Greece "?) in 1611, At Chester-leStreet something was given for the "relief of an archbishop, being a stranger," in 1610; and again, of "a strange bishopp that travailed throwe the countrie," in 1625. Is anything further known of these wanderers? J. T. F. Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham, RAMICUS.-Where can I find some account of a certain Danish bishop named Ramicus, who was the author of a treatise or pamphlet on the plague, which was translated into English several times during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and printed by Machline, Wynkyn de Worde, and others? In Ames's 'Typog. Antiq.' a copy of one of these translations is said to be preserved in the library of Trinity College, Cambridge. HENRY R. PLOMER. given it in 'The Acts and Monuments of the late BLOOMSBURY IN 1660.-Is the bad character Rump,' Somers's Tracts, vii. 134 (1812), confirmed by other evidence ?— "Wherefore, espying his opportunity, he ran hastily away from the face of the gyant, and fled into a certain the Sable-brow'd Enchantress, which stood near the castle which appertained to the witch who was called hamlet of Bloomesbury, where he remained hidden certain days under the coats of one of the harlots of that place." F. THE FIREBRACE FAMILY BIBLE.-This Bible, Prayer-Book, and Psalms, edition (rare) Cambridge, by J. Hayes, 1673, in 2 vols. (containing many entries of births and deaths of the Firebrace family), was sold as lot 995 of the library of Mr. Simpson, on Wednesday, June 25, 1873, to Messrs. Edward Woolford James, by Messrs. Puttick & Sotheran, the booksellers, of Piccadilly, who included it in their catalogue (lot 84), and sold it in 1873 to some person whom they cannot now trace. I shall feel greatly obliged to any one who will kindly state the name and address of its present possessor, with whom I am desirous of communicating. C. MASON. 29, Emperor's Gate, S. W. ALWYNE.-Will some one of your readers kindly answer the following question? What is the pronunciation, derivation, and meaning of Alwyne, the name of the present Lord Bishop of Ely? In what other way is it, or may it be, spelt; and what is the most ancient way and pronunciation ? FRANK W. HACKETT. 1418, M Street, Washington, U.S. [An Anglo-Saxon personal name. It has taken the various forms of Aylwin, Elwine, Alwine, Aylen, &c. Fitz Alwyn was the first Lord Mayor of London, from 1189 to 1212.] A PAINTER'S BLUNDER. Has any of your readers, I wonder, noticed a blunder in the engraving of Canaletti's well-known picture of the front of Northumberland House in the Strand? In my copy of it the sun is made to shine in the north-east. The parts which ought to be in sunshine, therefore, are simply reversed. The print was first published in 1753, and republished by Laurie & Whittle, Fleet Street, in 1794. Is the above blunder that of the engraver only; or is Canaletti himself responsible for it? E. WALFORD, M.A. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. CARDINAL BELLARMINE.-I saw a statement some weeks ago that an edition of Bellarmine's 'Autobiography' was in preparation under the auspices of Dr. Döllinger. Has this book yet been published; and by whom? Q. V. in ASPARAGUS.-Ken, in an unpublished letter to Lord Weymouth, asks him to send some asparagus for a sick lady. "There is none," he says, all the country." When did asparagus first find its way into English horticulture? E. H. PLUMPTRE, Dean of Wells. 7, Fortfield Terrace, Sidmouth. STILLINGFLEET AND WICKHAM FAMILIES.-In the church of Long Ashton, Somerset, there is (or was) a monumental inscription to the memory of the Rev. Robert Stillingfleet, D.D., Preb. of Durham (third son of the Rev. James Stillingfleet, D.D., and grandson of Edward Stillingfleet, D.D., Bishop of Worcester), who died Aug. 3, 1759, aged 53; also of Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. John Wickham, Vicar of Long Ashton, by Elizabeth his wife, niece of Dr. died March 10, 1775, aged 14. Can any of your correspondents refer me to a pedigree of Stilling- Axbridge, Somerset. AUTHORS WANTED. "As Mitchell sings after Aristophanes : In his glory was he seen, when his days as yet were green, But now when his dotage is on him, God help him! for no eye of those who pass him by Casts a look of compassion upon him."-Thackeray. To what work does Thackeray refer; and where is the original passage in Aristophanes? JOHN E. T. LOVEDAY. [Five comedies of Aristophanes were translated by T. Mitchell, A.M., 2 vols., London, 1820-2.] THE EARLS OF PEMBROKE.-I have an 8vo. of eighty pages, headed 'The Earls, Earldom, and Castle of Pembroke,' in good legible type, but without a title-page or author's name. It ends abruptly in the middle of a paragraph relative to William de Valence, and I do not know whether more has appeared. Any information regarding the work and its author will be thankfully received. ABHBA. ADDITIONAL LETTERS ON TOMBSTONES AT CHRISTCHURCH. During a recent visit to Christchurch, Hants, I had my attention drawn to certain letters occurring frequently at the end of inscriptions on the tombstones. I noticed them first in the well-known epitaph : : We were not slayne but raysed Raysed not to life But to be buried twice By men of strife What rest could th living have Agree amongst you I. R. Here the I. R. may naturally represent a relative of Hen Rogers; but it occurs again in other epitaphs, as for instance:— Here lieth the body of the 7th of 1627 There were at least six stones that bore the I. R., all of nearly the same date and in a similar style Stillingfleet. She of lettering. Three other epitaphs of the end of the century bore an E. N., and I also observed a P. S., a T. H., and an R. D. They all belonged to the seventeenth century. Are they abbreviated forms like the R. I. P., or were they only the initials of the stonemason or of the friend by whom the monument was raised? They always stand as part of the inscription, in letters of the same size, and are not added at the foot of the stone, where the modern stonemason would cut his name. the first epitaph I have quoted has never been The guide-books say that explained. Perhaps some of your readers may have an opinion on the subject. E. L. SEELEY. SÉGOR.-In Meditation xviii., by Lamartine, occur the following lines :— Ecoutez: voici vers Solime By Solime I presume is meant Jerusalem, called PENANCE HOUSE. book in the parish of Great Budworth, Cheshire, I find the following order : : "Jan. 1734/5. The bones to be removed out of the pennance house, and buried in some convenient place in the church yard." " Can any of your readers explain the meaning of pennance house," and whether an old crypt at the south-east angle of the chancel, now used as a vault, can be the place referred to? P. E. W. MISS HAMBLIN.-When did this lady stab Mr. Ewing in the theatre at Mobile (U.S.)? Is she still alive; and is anything known of her? Perhaps some American contributors may be able to give references thereto. EDWARD R. VYVYAN. BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD.' I have the Zwickau edition of this poem, 1818, which belonged to the poet, and between cantos cxxxiv. and CXXXV. is this pencil note, believed to be in his handwriting, viz., "One or two entire stanzas are here omitted, in which he curses all those who were allied to his wife and the cause of his separation." Is it known what these omitted stanzas were? HENRY T. WAKE. Wingfield Park, Derbyshire. ARTICLES AND INJUNCTIONS.-I have a quarto volume of Articles and Injunctions, the first being Injunctions given by Edward VI. to the Laity, 1547, but it is clearly of not so early a print. Although in black letter, it is not earlier than the latter part of the seventeenth century, perhaps later. When was a black-letter reprint of such AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED.— Siderum sacros imitata vultus These were written out from memory, about forty years I made no vow, but vows were made for me. But I, whose eyes, from infant JOHN THOMPSON, Of thine unspoken word thou art master: Replies. MARTIN. LEONARDO DA VINCI'S LAST SUPPER.' (7th S. iv. 109, 192, 271, 332.) For the second* time MR. CARMICHAEL has the joke over a slip of the pen; for as such all other opportunity afforded him of airing a harmless little readers of N. & Q.' will take it when a person who has afforded good evidence of education writes "Paris" for Pavia. Such quibbles appear to me unworthy. I am forced to differ from MR. MARthough one on which MR. CARMICHAEL by implicaSHALL on a matter of much greater importance, tion seems to agree with him, viz., for saying that a glance at the commonest books of reference" would have rendered it unnecessary to send the questions under this heading to ' N. & Q' 66 very few on which I can pretend to speak at all " 66 errors" about him and his works culled from not the commonest," but from some of the most superior books of reference. It is doubtless one of date when Sir Thomas Lawrence was knighted (and these that has led MR. MARSHALL astray as to the laid him open to MR. CARMICHAEL'S banter about "Mr. T. Lawrence, whoever he may have been ") when quoting one account of the way in which * N. & Q.,' 6th S. x. 92. that priceless treasure the Royal Academy copy of Leonardo's Last Supper' was so happily secured by that body. Your other correspondent has been misled in precisely the same manner. Her information is based on works which pass current as authoritative, and it is only after something like a life's study that one would venture to contradict them. But I beg to make the following memorandums without possibility of correction, though I elect to withhold my references in support for another occasion. 1. "The famous copy in the Royal Academy was "not" purchased in Italy by Sir Thomas Law rence." I have the full and complete history of it from the time when it was taken from its original site to that when it reached the place it now, for us, so fortunately occupies. never 66 long for it in vain, but ultimately ran it to ground among the mountains a couple of years ago. With regard to the spelling of Oggiono. It is seldom wise to be hasty in asserting that any spelling or derivation is "certainly" so-and-so in Italy. Among the vast varieties of appellation which most Italian painters enjoy, none has had a much larger share than our Marco, and there are few about whose procedencia less is known. Both MR. MARSHALL and LADY RUSSELL have good precedents for their spellings, and there are others besides. Uglone is not at all uncommon, and I could name two or three good Milanese writers who spell Ugolone (great Hugo). At the present day most of the best Italian writers on art seem to limit themselves to either Oggiono or Oggionno, and it is certainly not "certain," as MR. CARMICHAEL thinks, that Oggionno is the spelling of the place of that name, as it also is more frequently spelt Oggiono. Not to prejudice what I may have to say on another occasion, I will only further observe here that I am surprised MR. CARMICHAEL has never met with "Lovino." I am acquainted with Mr. Marks's useful paper on the Royal Academy cartoon of St. Anne and the Blessed Virgin; but I cannot forgive him for the sweeping guide-book sort of sentence in it with which he despatches R. H. BUSK. Leonardo's Cenacolo. 16, Montagu Street, Portman Square. [MISS BUSK's communication was received previous to the appearance of the replies from LADY RUSSELL and MR. MARSHALL.] 2. The "valuable series of drawings [I reserve for the same occasion the discussion of the question whether they were "Leonardo's drawings" and whether they were for the same picture"] purchased by Sir T. Baring, and afterwards in possession of the President of the Royal Academy" were 66 in the Ambrosian Library at Milan." 3. As to her statement of copies, I hope LADY RUSSELL will excuse my remarking that "a list of ancient copies" is somewhat misleading. Allowing the expression "ancient" to be admissible as equivalent to nearly contemporary," it cannot anyhow be made to apply to No. 5; and in any case it would have been clearer to have said "6 some ancient copies" without which qualificative it seems intended to be complete, whereas it does not include all the most important ones. Without going seriatim through little informalities* of designation, which all conversant with the subject can easily correct for themselves, but which certainly detract from the usefulness of the list to those who are not, I will only observe that the fact of Lomazzo having painted No. 4 has been too seriously disputed for it to be put down to him positively; that No. 9 cannot by possibility be considered "a copy" by any one who has studied it; that the spelling of the painter's name of No. 8 has been corrected by writers too serious to be altogether passed over; and that the designations of Nos. 10 and 11 are both, at the same time," too vague and too precise. In offering these remarks I have had to touch incidentally on some of MR. CARMICHAEL's ironical questions regarding LADY RUSSELL'S ascriptions. In more direct reply to himself, I will observe thats I am not surprised that he has failed to find Ponte Capriasca (such is the accepted spelling, and fin this I have seen no variation among authoritative foreign writers, though differing from all tiree varieties cited by him) "on the maps." I searched Such as "St. Peter's" for S. Pietro in Gessate, Milan; "Ecoens" for Ecouen, &c. HOP PLANT (7th S. iv. 249). According to Withering, Arrangement of British Plants,' ed. 1830, ii. 350, note, "Humulus is from humilis, of humble growth: a trailing plant.” "Linnæus derives it from humus, moist earth, such as the plant in question prefers; but however ingenious this explanation may be, it appears that lumulus originated by corruption from Humela, a barbarous Latin word, of one common origin with Umula, or Humle, under which appellations, or something like them, the hop is known amongst various nations of the Wachter, in his 'Glossarium Germanicum,' under north."-Rees, Cyclop.,' in v. Hopf," says, "A Gallico houblon est Latino-Barbarum Humlo, onis apud Cangium"; Ducange's words being, "Humlo, Humulo, ex Gall. Houblon, This notion was at one time adopted by Menage: quod a Latino Lupulum formatum, elisa litera L." de lupulo, lupulonis, augmentatif de lupulus; & qu'on "J'ai cru autrefois que ce mot houbelon avoit été fait en avoit ôté l'L, pensant que ce fut l'article: mais je viens d'apprendre des Homonymes des Plantes de M: de Saumaise, chap. 63, qu'upulus est l'ancien mot Latin. Voici ses termes: Lupuli etiam nomen non sincerè Latinum, sed corruptum. Vera vox antiqua upulus, vel opulus. Inde hublonem nostri finxerunt. Glossie veteres: Opulus, xioσópvλov. Plinius "opulum salictarium vocat, quia salices scandat et alliget." Libro xxi. cap. 15, ubi vulgo malè legitur lupum. In Catone, de Re Rustica, Hardouin acquiesces in the above correction of Pliny's text, but Schneider ('Scriptores de R. R.,' Lips., 1794, Comment., p. 99) disapproves: "Lupuli enim istius usum notitiamque apud veteres scriptores non reperimus certam." Menage continues: "Nec dubium esse nostrum houblonem, manifesto nominis argumento. Nam oplonem pro opulo dixere recentiores, ut maniplum, pro manipulo. Opulum videntur veteres Latini appellasse, quod epulis idoneus esset, quas opulas antiquitus dicebant."-Menage, 'Dict. Etymol.,' in v. Houblon." Ibre, in his 'Glos. Suio-Gothicum,' says, in v. :“Humle, lupulus, aut ut Salmasius auctor est, opulus, vel upulus. Ab hoc upulus Cymræci hoppys, Angli hoppes, Germ. hopfen formasse videntur, Galli vero houblon, cui dum m inseritur humle facile fieri potest : nisi forte credendum ab oriente ad nos transiisse hunc terminum botanicum. Meninskius certe in suo Thesauro docet, Persas lupulum hymel vocare; cui concinit LatinoBarbarum humela, Fennonum humala, Hungarorum comlo. Junius, qui Germanicæ originis hanc vocem esse credit, radicem ponit happen, apprehendere, quum obvia quæque arripiat, ac teneat : etenim, ut verbis Dodonai utar, Lupulus amplexu vivit, et perticas aliaque adminicula circumligando se scandit. Kilianus dictum putat ab Hoppen salire, saltare; quoniam cito crescendo altissimas perticas, veluti saltu concito, soleat superare." "The form of the word has led some to derive Lupulus as a diminutive from Lupus, a wolf, because as the wolf preys upon other animals, so this plant, by immoderately impoverishing the soil in which it grows, starves its vegetable neighbours. Such at least is the explanation of Ambrosinus."-Rees, in v. Lupulus." This, however, like the derivation of Humulus from humilis, appears to be a mere guess; and it seems doubtful whether the plant were known to the ancients. Matthiolus, in his 'Comment. on Dioscorides,' iv. 140, p. 523, ed. 1554, says : "Nihil de eo, quod equidem invenerim, Galenus et Dioscorides, aliique veteres tam Græci, quam Latini autores, posteritatis memoriæ prodiderunt: quanquam non desunt qui velint hunc Plinio esse Lupum salictarium. Lupuli vocati latius meminit Mesues: est et aliud Volubilis genus quod Lupulus appellatur." Of this he enumerates several medical properties. At what period the term Humulus lupulus was applied to the hop plant seems to be unascertainable. See the article " Hop" in Prof. Skeat's 'Etymol. Dict.' W. E. BUCKLEY. Linnæus named the hop Humulus lupulus. See Turton, 'Veg. King.,' ii., 1622. The generic name has reference to the rich, moist soil the plant requires. Thus Tusser : Choose soil for the Hop of the rottenest mould, Well doonged and wroght, as a garden plot shold. The specific name is adopted from Pliny, who records that the old name of the hop was Lupus salictarius, the willow - wolf, a strangler of the willows. For the English name we are doubtless The scientific name of the hop plant, Humulus His system of lupulus, is due to Linnæus. binomial nomenclature is well known. To each plant he gave two names, one generic and one specific. The generic name belongs to every plant of the same genus, and is placed first; the specific name belongs to the individual only, and is placed second. In the present example Humulus is the generic, lupulus the specific name. Linnæus endeavoured, as far as possible, to utilize the plantnames already existent, and in Humulus lupulus we have a fair instance of this economy. Humulus is the Latinization of a word which, with some slight phonetic variations, is used in several Teutonic languages to designate the hop plant. Prof. Skeat, in his 'Concise Etym. Dict,,' gives Icel. humall, Swed. Dan. humle, and O. Du. hommel. To these may be added A.-S. humele, a word applied indifferently to briony, maidenhair, and bindweed. Doubtless before the hop rose to pre-eminent distinction in the art of brewing, the Icelandic and other cognates admitted an equally lax application. The Indo-European✔ KAM (Teutonic base HAM), signifying to bend, twist, &c., is probably the root to which this group of words should be referred. I cannot say to whom the act of Latinization ought to be accredited; perhaps to Linnæus himself, perhaps to some older botanist. Lupulus is of Latin descent. Pliny is supposed to mention the hop under the name of Lupus salictarius, "wolf of the willow-grounds," a name which indicates that this plant, before the discovery of its virtues, was regarded as a nuisance. Lupulus is evidently a diminutive of lupus. Henry Lite, in his translation (published 1578) of Dodoens's Herbal,' says that "some of our time do call the Hop in Latine Lupulus Salictarius, or Lupus Salictarius; in shops Lupulus." modern Italian is luppolo. The In conclusion, then, Humulus is of Teutonic, lupulus of Latin origin. It will, I think, be conceded that Linnæus showed a fine discretion in thus choosing the generic name from the languages of those nations which raised the cultivation of the hop to perfection, while he retained as the specific shops of the druggists. name the word by which it was known in the C. J. BATTERSBY. Lemery, 'Traité Universel des Drogues Simples,' Paris, 1723, has, under this heading, as follows:"Lupulus à lupo, Loup parce qu'on a cru que le loup se cachoit dessous les branches du Houblon qui se courbent ordinairement comme par humilité, ce qui a fait donner a la plante le nom de Humulus." J. H. B. [Replies to the same effect are received from MR. J. H. LUNDGREN, MR. Edward Malan, Mr. W. WYNN |