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NOTES:- The Mirrour of Mindes,' 261-Lord Mayor Shorter, QUERIES:-Olympus - Goethe-Baddesley Clinton-Yew Trees, 267-Grandison-Cursham-' Wisdom of Solomon'— land-Poem Wanted · 271-Galileo, 272-Col. Copley-"Credo quia impossibile est"-Story in 'Blackwood'-Assignats-October ClubGibson, 274-Abergele - Song Wanted - Sain - In Memoriam '- Poem on Primero Crawford Dillon -First Principles of Philology, 275-Slughorn-Idris-"Bells of Ouseley"-Swaddy-Carlyle-"Limina Apostolorum," 276 -Fouke-John de Cobham-Lily of Scripture - Female Heresiarchs - Motto of Waterton Family, 277-Morue: Cabillaud-Slipshod English-Irish House of Commons, 278. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Holmes's 'Sieges of Pontefract Castle -Life of Quin-Temple of Solomon'-'King Ethelred's Broads.' Notices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. "THE MIRROUR OF MINDES,' 1631. Lowndes says that "The Mirrour of Mindes; or, Barclay's Icon Animorum Englished by T. M." [Thomas May], 12mo. London, is "a masterly description of the manners of the several nations of Europe"; and it will be my object in this short paper to give a few extracts from it which may interest and amuse. By way of introductory remark, the author first lays it down as an indisputable axiom that "nothing is more beneficiall than from the Genius of diverse Nations to be soe enformed as to know how to behave ourselves in different countries and what from every place to expect or feare." abhorre all fellowship with forreyne Nations." As regards America, however, we learn that as farre as it is civillized at all it is possessed by the Spaniard onely; soe that none other besides themselves may with safety commence or traffique there. It is therefore expedient, or indeed lawfull for none but the Spaniard to know the dispositions of those people. But those parts of America where naked barbarisme abhorred by mankinde is used by the wild people whom noe lawes nor industrie had tempered, have beene diligently observed by some of our men who in hope of gaine have gone thither. The natures of those rude people are incapable of our civility. They account all strangers that arrive on their coasts as enemyes and ensnarers of their liberty, neither are those ignorant and savage mindes destitute of subtlity to impious acts, cruelty and treachery, instead of prudence and true fortitude, they often exercise." far off or unknown, he treats severally of France, But leaving those nations which are either too Brittaine, Germany, Italy, Spaine, Hungary, Polonia, Muscovia, and the other northern nations, and finally of Turkes and Jewes. Frenchmen he blames for their custom "of violently hazarding their lives in single duels upon sudden and rash quarrels," a foolish practice, and one which the lapse of years does not seem to have altered or destroyed. Of Brittaine there is a glowing account, for "there is not a fairer island in the whole world"; and we learn that the country is able to foster vines and to bring grapes to full ripeness, and that the pleasant and fruitful mountains of Kent and Hampshire, with other places situated in the south and east, had once vineyards, which, however, were subsequently the wine imported from Aquitaine. The German abandoned, partly on account of the cheapness of nation 66 is infected with a wonderfull love of drinking, and the Germanes think there can bee noe entertainment soe pleasing to a stranger as a long and drunken banquet." Travellers in Italy would seem to have fared but badly, "for at their Innes being entertained with scarcie and sluttish provisions, their stomachs are divided betweene two contraries, loathing and hunger; besides the nastiness of their chambers, and lodgings annoyed by gnats and stinging flies of many kinds, they have grating Hosts, and high prices set upon bad entertainment." These discomforts were, however, somewhat counterbalanced by the opportunities of converse with multitudes of men of many nations. Of Spanish pride amusing anecdotes are narrated; and we are told that In this we cannot but agree with him, and I would that many of my fellow countrymen were of the same opinion, and would conduct themselves abroad as quietly as at home, to their own and to everybody else's advantage. The reader is invited at once to survey the world as from a tower, and look who are the inhabitants and masters of it."their mindes are subtill and fit for all things, nor are Africa is summarily dismissed, for "who but they so ignorant of what is in themselves as desirous to Merchants goe into Affrick?"; Persia is not redeceive others with a glosse of pompous words." commended to our notice, because "the Persians In Russia wives lived in great_bondage. are divided from us not only by impiety or super- stranger, it is narrated, married a Russian woman stition, but by a great distance of sea and land"; and loved her dearly, and "by all kindnesses India, too, is only visited by merchants and sought to gaine mutuall affection from her." She, sailors, except Lucanians; and China "doe however, became sad and dejected, and did often A that highly valuable personal record, and in this relation I may, perhaps, be permitted to mention that I have in another column added to your stock of errata by pointing out that on this very page (282) the word "four" has been inadvertently your readers with further references-that is to say, not in the plural, "references"-but I will trouble them with just one more authority. I have cited dates and chroniclers (writers all contemporaneous with Shorter himself) abundantly; but here is what an annalist, almost (if not quite) a contemporary, has placed on record under the explicit date of September 4, 1688: sigh; and upon his inquiring of her the reason, she said, "Where are those stripes by which thou testifiest thy love?" The secret out, "hee tooke occasion to beate the woman, and shee, appeased with stripes, began then earnestly to love and observe her husband." However, he rather over-printed for "two." I will not ask you to weary did his affectionate attentions, and one day "with an unhappy stroke broke her thighs and her neck also." Norway is described as a rude nation, and with most men infamous for witchcraft. "They by report can sell winds, which those that saile from thence do buy." Their long winters are cruel and dangerous, for a benumming aire with little or no feeling doth seize the body, that before you perish you can scarce know that you are perishing." Turks, with their offensively nasty habits and customs, receive but scant praise; while of Jews our author curtly says, *" their bodies are commonly said to stinke." ERNEST E. BAKER. 66 "Sir John Shorter, Lord Mayor of London, Died, and was buried the 12th at St Saviour's in Southwark."Pointer's Chronological History of England' (Oxford, 1714), vol. i. p. 350. In this work the death of Bunyan is not noticed, but all the biographers of the (strict or not) Baptist pastor concur in stating that he died on Friday, August 31, 1688. Now, by the time these lines LORD MAYOR SIR JOHN SHORTER AND JOHN are in print, almanacs for 1888 will be accessible BUNYAN. (Supplement, see p. 184.) MR. RENDLE's very courteous expression of reciprocity of feeling between himself and myself renders me more than commonly desirous that (apart from what I conceive of the necessity of strict, and even minute, historical accuracy) I should be, as we lawyers say, ad idem with him as to dates. Now I cannot make out whether in his communication, published on p. 184, by the word "true" he means to maintain that he was right in his first statement, or, on the contrary, concedes that I was accurate in my correction. The latter view seems to be inadmissible from the context of his contribution. In the original paper written by this persevering and accomplished antiquary, which suggested my series of articles (7th S. iii. 444), the author affirmed that Sir John Shorter died three days after Bunyan; my correction (7th S. iv. 62) was to the effect that the word "three" should have been "four." Now MR. RENDLE apparently returns to the charge, and says, "True; Shorter died the third, not the fourth, day after Bunyan." to every reader, and, as I have pointed out (note on p. 183), the days of the week and months of next year are identical with those of the leap-year exactly two centuries ago. Any inquirer, then, with an almanac for 1888 in his hand, can check my calculation. Thus, the dissenting minister dies on a Friday; three days elapse (Saturday, Sunday, and Monday)-three clear days intervene and his friend (presumably his friend, or, at all events, acquaintance) the Lord Mayor dies on the Tuesday. Is that the third, or the fourth day after the earlier date? How can it be contended (if the hitherto generally accepted dates remain undisputed) that John Shorter died the third, not the fourth, day after John Bunyan? I was, naturally, very gratified at MR. RENDLE'S investigations having resulted in a sufficiently satisfactory confirmation of my theory that Sir John Shorter was a Baltic merchant, probably chiefly (as his son after him, we know, was exclusively) engaged in the timber trade with Riga and other ports in northern Europe. A merchant, not otherwise defined, whom we ascertain Perhaps our difference is in itself, and historic- to have acted as a contractor for supplying the ally considered, no great matter; but I must ask royal navy with masts, yards, and bowspritsyou for permission to point out that if MR. spars generally-is surely accurately described as RENDLE has not in this his latest communication a timber importer. Considering the indefatigmade another "slip"-that is to say, if he is right-able "Secretary to the Acts of the Admiralty's" then it follows that either all the contemporaneous interest in timber en bloc, and spars in particular, evidence as to the date of Shorter's death (including I am rather surprised and disappointed to find no the sepulchral inscription) is wrong, or that all the reference to Shorter in the pages of Pepys. But biographers of the Puritan divine are in error. If our dear old friend Sam does not ignore Shorter's the latter be the correct hypothesis, then Precentor partner, the Josias Childe of 1665, to whom MR. Venables's memoir in the Dictionary of National RENDLE alludes. So early as 1660, when the Biography' (vol. vii. p. 282) imperatively requires future baronet was only thirty years of age, we are a line in the corrigenda you from time to time not surprised to find the civil (and courteously supply as a contribution to the completeness of civil) servant giving "a lift" in his coach to the rising merchant, who, even five years before, had been engaged at Portsmouth "in furnishing stores for the navy" (Pepys's 'Diary,' under date Nov. 2, 1660; 'Dictionary of National Biography,' sub tit. "Child, Sir Josiah," vol. x. p. 244), and for the next nine years references to the oncoming civic magnate are numerous in the same gossiping record (see also Macaulay's 'History of England,' vol. iv., ed. 1855, pp. 134 et seq.). He may not, it is true, be the same "Childe" that is referred to by MR. RENDLE, but I strongly believe that that gentleman's 'Childe" (partner in 1665 with Shorter), who "has much to do with supplies for the navy," is identical with the future superb chairman of the East India Company, and not altogether unknown writer, in the early days of the study of political economy, on trade, commerce, usury, currency, &c. As to Sir John Shorter, as that prosperous merchant probably included in his business operations traffic in hemp, tar, tallow, and other stores required for naval use produced in northern regions, I submit that I was well warranted in my surmise in designating him a Baltic merchant. It is pretty generally known that in Shorter's time (and long before and long after) the emoluments of London's Mayor were largely enhanced by the sale of offices in my lord's gift. I rather carelessly speculated in my paper as to whether between Sir John's accident and his death he was sufficiently sensible to appreciate the purport of news conveyed to him. I fancy now, however, that there was no room for speculation. Says Mr. Ellis's correspondent, under date London, Sept. 6, 1688 (Ellis Correspondence,' vol. ii. p. 161):"On Tuesday last died, as we have said already, the Lord Mayor Sir John Shorter the occasion of his distemper was his fall under Newgate, which bruised him a little and put him into a fever. His Lordship had a piece of helpless comfort brought him before he died, which was that a Corn-Meter's place, and that of the Common Hunt, were fallen void the same day, which were worth to him, or rather his executors, 3,000l. Few days before died Bunnian (sic), his lordship's teacher or chaplain [the italics are mine], a man said to be gifted that way, though once a cobbler...... The Corn-meter that was reported dead proves to be alive and in health, though the late Lord Mayor had disposed of his place in favour of his son" (p. 167). I have alluded to an augmentation of Sir John Shorter's coat armour by the special grace and favour of his sovereign, King James II. Such a royal mark of distinction was not, however, unprecedented. I find that a court tool-Sir John Moore, Lord Mayor 1681-2-was similarly distinguished by the preceding monarch, Charles II. Moore's "honourable addition" "for his great and eminent services to the Crown" consisted of "the lion of England upon a canton" (Fairholt's 'Civic Garland,' p. 77). I do not think I made sufficiently clear in my former papers that whenever the Goldsmith's Com pany provided the Lord Mayor's show the enacted legend of St. Dunstan and the devil was invariably a part of the pageant. The tableau in Shorter's procession (1687) was substantially a repetition of the grouping (with a slightly varying dialogue from that supplied by Jordan, then the civic poet laureate) presented on the inauguration of "Old Rowley's" friend and reputed pot companion Sir Robert Vyner in 1674. I have but one more supplementary note, and that is in the form of a correction of myself. My analogy between the ship carried in Shorter's pageant and the Fairlop boat instituted in a note to p. 143, is faulty in the sense that I underrated the dimensions of the earlier vessel. Fairholt (Civic Pageants,' p. 104) tells us that Sir John's barque measured "one hundred and forty-five feet in length from poop to stem, and forty-five feet from the stem to the bottom." In conclusion, and in vindication (if it needs vindication) of my presumption in essaying to correct the Rev. John Strype, let me adduce another instance of an accomplished and most industrious author misled by his error. At p. 103 of Mr. F. W. Fairholt's 'Lord Mayors' Pageants' this note appears, referring to Sir John Shorter :— "In Strype's 'Stow,' opposite the name of this mayor are placed these significant words, 'never served sheriff nor a freeman of the city: appointed by King James II.'" I shall have laboured in vain if I have not demonstrated that the first two statements of this record are not applicable to Sheriff, Citizen, and Goldsmith Sir John Shorter. I claim, therefore, to have deprived the statement of the significance Mr. Fairholt attaches to these misleading words. In my series of papers those of your readers who have done me the honour to peruse what you have so kindly afforded me the opportunity of presenting to the inquiring portion of the public have probably noticed the liberal use I have made of Narcissus Luttrell's 'Brief Historical Relation,' &c. Allow me to call attention to a paper in the September number of the Gentleman's Magazine, where, under the title of Leaves from an Old Diary,' that able chronicler Mr. A. C. Ewald, F.R.S., examines and explains this valuable repertory of contemporary history in a manner that must afford much amusement and information to any and every student who may not possess means of ready access to the bulky six volumes of the original work. NEMO. BALGUY FAMILY OF STAMFORD. (Concluded from 7th S. iii, 316.) Son-in-law King, named in the will of John Balguy (whose burial is not entered in the parish registers of St. George), I am at a loss to identify. A Thomas King, tallow-chandler, took up his freedom July 10, 1633, and served the office of over |