THE SCOTS GUARDS (7th S. iii. 515). - In 'Famous Regiments of the British Army, by W. H. Davenport Adams, it is said that the Scots Fusiliers were originally a Highland regiment, raised on March 18, 1641, by Archibald, Earl of Argyle, on behalf of Charles I., which did good service in Ireland against the "rebel" colonists. They returned to Scotland, and fought under Leslie at Dunbar. They were almost cut to pieces at Worcester, and the few veterans that survived were embodied ten years after in the Earl of Linlithgow's Fusilier Regiment. Their last fight in Scotland was at Bothwell Bridge, and in 1713 they were removed to England. B. F. SCARLETT. "THE SKIN OF MY TEETH" (7th S. iii. 225, 372). -A correspondent writes : "On the same day (May 14) that I had been reading in N. & Q' your panegyric on the description of the horse in Job, I happened to come across the following in quite independent reading : Quando la tromba alla battaglia infesta, Boiardo, Orl. Inn.,' lib. ii, c. xxiv. Compare also Tasso, G. L.,' xvi. 28." ་ R. H. BUSK. brother Edward the Martyr. Enraged at his childish grief for the murder which she had committed in his interests, she used the readiest weapon at hand to chastise him, and nearly added a second murder to the first. CHARLOTTE G. BOGER. St. Saviour's, Southwark, Here is another and an earlier instance :"Whan this Egelredus was a childe of ten yer olde, and herde tell that his brother Edwarde was soo slayne, yeldynge, that she bete hym almoste to dethe with tapers. he moued soo his wood moder, with wepynge and with For she hadde noughte elles at honde. Therefore he hated tapers all his lyfe tyme."-Higden's ' Polycrony. con,' P. de Treveris, 1527, f. 241. R. R. Boston, Lincolnshire. DUBORDIEU FAMILY (7th S. iii. 329, 458; iv. 71).-Peter Dubordieu, a French refugee, of Clare Hall, Cambridge, B.A. 1692, M.A. 1697, published a treatise on the 'Thebaan Legion,' and was rector of Kirkby Misperton, Yorkshire (Wrangham's Zouch,' ii. 3). W. C. B. SYKESIDE (7th S. iii. 348, 460; iv. 74).—A small stream or rivulet. Hence Sykes of Sledthree tufts of reeds. Heraldry often comes in to mere bears three fountains and Sykes of Basildon explain the meaning of obsolete words. of Worthington should bear three dung-forks till there seems no particular reason why the family one remembers that worthing is an agricultural Thus name for manure in old leases in the North of England. P. P. Does not DR. BREWER rather mean a golden DUKE WITH THE SILVER HAND (7th S. iii. 477). one, for such a hand was once given to a general, who had lost his own in battle, by his king?— "Zelislaus, ducis pariter atque militis officio functus contra Moravos dextram amisit, Eum Boleslaus III., Polonorum Rex, collaudatum pro meritis et virtute, aurea manu donavit (Cromerus [Hist. Polon.'], lib. v.)." L. Beyerlinck, Magn. Theatr.,' tom. iv. H. p. 153 B. ED. MARSHALL. DOLLAR (7th S. ii. 509; iii. 118, 233; iv. 53). -Bailey's 'Dictionary,' 1737 (eighth edition), has the following: "Dollar, a Dutch Coin, worth about 4s. 6d.; the Zeland Dollar, 3s.; the Specie Dollar, 58.; the Riga Dollar, 4s. 8d." The Moderne World of Words,' by E. P., 1696, gives precisely the same as quoted by your correspondent MR. GARDINER. J. ST. N. 'A New Dictionary of Five Alphabets' (1693) A Dollar, a Dutch Coin, Thalerus"; and "A Rix-Dollar, Thalerus Imperialis." WAX TAPERS AS OFFENSIVE WEAPONS (7th S. has iv. 86). The most notable example with which historical tradition furnishes us is that of Ethelred the Unred, or Unready, being nearly beaten to death by a wax taper wielded by his wicked mother Elfrida, when he wept for the murder of his half C. C. B. CIDER (HERETICAL) VERSUS WINE (ORTHODOX) (7th S. iv. 46).—MR. BONE gives a passage from the Ebrietatis Encomium' which is referred to Cardinal Perron as its author, but he has not not the author of it. verified the reference, which I subjoin : "Saint Augustin parle du citre, quand il écrit contre les Manichéens, qui disoient que les Catholiques estoient gens adounez au vin, et qu'eux n'en bûvoient point. Il leur répond, qu'il estoit vray, mais qu'ils bûvoient d'un suc tire de pommes, qui estoit plus delicieux que tous les vins, et que tous les brûvages du monde. Tertullien dit aussi, succum ex pomis vinosissimum, le citre enyvre comme le vin. et l'yvresse en est plus mauvaise, parce qu'il est plus froid.-' Perroniana et Thuana,' p. 65, Col., 1694, cf. p. 237, where he assigns to St. Augustine the passage attributed to Tertullian at p. 65. The following is such a passage in St. Augustine as that which is referred to: "Bibat autem mulsum, carcnum passum, et nonnullorum pomorum expressos succos, vini speciem satis imitantes, atque id etiam suavitate vincentes."-S. Aug., 'De Moribus Manichæorum,' lib. ii. cap. xiii. tom. i. col. 788 a, Basil, 1569. ED. MARSHALL. Sydney Smith has a story which illustrates MR. BONE'S extract. When he went into Somersetshire the servants from his Yorkshire parish were scandalized by people getting drunk upon cider, to the neglect of beer, which they considered to be in the economy of nature the only legitimate means for producing intoxication. I cannot give the exact reference, but think it occurs in one of his 'Letters.' EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. The Library, Claremont, Hastings. (Godwin, 'De Præsul. Angl.,' ed. Richardson, ii. 66.) E. VENABLES. [MR. H. G. GRIFFINHOOFE, G. F. R. B., REV. E. MARSHALL, T. R. B., MR. H. W. FORSYTH HAWOOD, MR. D. HIPWELL, and very many others supply information to the same effect.] THE GOOD OLD NORMAN ERA (7th S. iii. 388, 500).-The customs about which MR. WALFORD inquires were customs of Shrewsbury in the time of Edward the Confessor, as recorded in Domesday ; they were discussed in Salopian Shreds and Patches in 1878 (vol. iii. pp. 32, 38, 52) by the Rev. Mackenzie Walcott and other authorities. Many of the privileges mentioned by the Rev. J. W. Warter as appertaining to lords of the manors were still existence a few years ago; see the chapter on "Ancient Tenures and Customs" in Duke's 'Antiquities of Shropshire. A grant by Henry VIII. of the manor of Albrighton recites the rights of the manor, which include "Natives and Villians with their retinue Wards Marriages Escheats Reliefs Herietts Courts Court Letes profits Views of Frankpledge," &c. W. B. BISHOP OF HEREFORD (7th S. iv. 149).-Accord-in ing to Heylin ('Peerage') the surname of this bishop was Breton. He is styled "the great lawyer," and was promoted to the see in 1268. He was succeeded in it in 1275 by S. Thomas Cantelupe, Chancellor of Oxford and Lord Chancellor. Referring to Sir Jonathan Trelawney, is not ALPHA wrong in calling him "Bishop of Winchester"? If Heylin is to be trusted, he was the forty-sixth Bishop of Exeter, having been translated to that see from Bristol in 1689. He may have been subsequently translated to Winchester, but I find no account of it, neither am I aware that any life has been published of him. Is he not the subject of the poem beginning with "And shall Trelawney die"? I have a notion that he is. EDMUND TEW, M.A. 'EAST LYNNE' (7th S. iii. 266, 459, 526).—I am glad to know, on such excellent authority as that of MR. BENTLEY, that the charge brought against the late Mrs. Henry Wood by the Pall Mall Gazette was so far unfounded, only it seems strange that the criticism should have been reprinted twenty years later by a literary magazine without drawing forth a word of comment. For an author to publish the same book under different titles, although in different countries, is not a commend for so doing, and it is only natural that where the authorship is not openly acknowledged there should be charges of plagiarism. Surnames in their modern acceptation, transmitted regularly from father to children, are hardly to be found in common use so early as the four-able practice, though there may be ample excuse teenth century. The bishop concerning whom Q. V. inquires was known as "le Breton," from the country of himself or his ancestors. John le Breton was consecrated Bishop of Hereford Jan. 2, 1269. He died May 12, 1275. He had been previously Canon and Prebendary of the cathedral church. A work, De Juribus Anglicanis,' is attributed to him by Godwin, who states that even in his day it was very highly valued. Selden, however, has clearly proved that he was My charge of want of originality in Mrs. Wood's novels was meant to cover much more than I perhaps indicated in endeavouring to make my note as brief as possible. An author may strike out an original line for him or her self, and serve up the same dish over and over again, varying the dressing, so to speak, with each different appear ance. This is exactly Mrs. Wood's fault, and the fault of a few more novelists as well. The same fault is pointed out in the Spectator for June 25 in criticizing a work by a popular female novelist. Let any one read, say, 'Verner's Pride,' 'Oswald Cray,' and 'The Master of Greylands,' three very good stories, taken separately, but the family resemblance is too great to mistake the authorship; so much so, that it becomes tiresome to read the same long-drawn mysteries in book after book. A true and lifelike representation of every-day life and character is another essential point in any claim to originality; hence the reason why Dickens, Thackeray, and Scott have so firmly established their fame as story-tellers. Here, too, Mrs. Wood is a great sinner; to quote numerous examples would only go to make this note too long, but reading her stories will soon make it abundantly evident that the only difference in her characters, especially her male characters, is their name and clothes, all else is the same; but it is a fact worth noting that nearly all our popular female writers, excepting always George Eliot, draw most wretched male characters. Mrs. Wood's female characters are equally bad; we should be thankful that What this world is not peopled by such women. would a man say of a wife who hated him because he had a common name, and who instigated his own clerk to steal money from him to pay her foolish debts?* Such women are rare, although they form the majority in our modern society novel. Mrs. Wood seems to have followed Tennyson's well-known lines when constructing her female characters :— Men at most differ as Heaven and earth, But women, worst and best, as Heaven and Hell.† Tennyson's words, however true-and true they are; too true, even-can only apply to the real tragic elements of life; to a mere comedy, never! I have jotted down these strictures on Mrs. believe her to be Wood's novels not because specially guilty in these respects, but to explain what I meant by her want of originality. At the present day we are being supplied with novels at the rate of something like four hundred a year; out of this number how many can claim to be what they profess to be, viz., real works of fiction? The fault lies in the public taste; and so long as the demand keeps up, writers who have their bread to win may be excused if they keep working a profitable vein, even after they have exhausted its literary merits. Glasgow. ROBERT F. GARDINER. 215 CHAMOUNI (7th S. iv. 67).-Evelyn describes a visit to the Alps in 1646 (Memoirs,' vol. i. p. 230, sqq., London, 1850). There is just a mention of the Alps in Milton's sonnet On the late Massacre in Piemont,' and in Fairfax's Tasso, xiii. 60. Rogers, The Alps at Daybreak,' p. 194, with an illustration after Turner engraved by Goodall, London, 1842. Livy, bk. xxi. 38; xxvii. 36; xxxix. 54. C. FRY, AUTHOR OF 'THE LISTENER,' &c. (7th S. GREVILLE (7th S. iv. 47). William Grevill, "of London, who died 1401, and lies buried in Chipping Campden Church," was son and heir of William Grevill, of Campden, in Gloucestershire, and grandson of John Grevill, with whom Camden begins his pedigree of the Grevill family, the original_roll of which is in the possession of the present Earl of Warwick. John Grevill died before the thirty-third year of King Edward III., in which year there was a plea between Margaret, the wife of the said John, and Richard de Caurs and Isabel, his wife, concerning the wardship of William Grevill, son of the said John. William Grevill, the younger, was an eminent woolstapler, and he and his father lent the king (Richard II.) 300 marks. John, eldest son of the last-mentioned William Grevill, bore for his arms, "Sable, upon a cross engrailed within the like border, or, ten annulets of the second, with a mullet of five points in the dexter quarter" (Dugdale). CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Swallowfield Park, Reading. The third quartering in the large shield on the Grevill altar-tomb in Alcester Church represents the coat of Langley, viz., Quarterly, per fess inB. W. GREEnfield. dented, azure and or, in the first quarter a crescent. Southampton. The complete list of these arms is to be found in University College, W.C. There METAPHYSICS (7th S. iv. 109).-Allow me to refer to the same question, inserted for me in 'N. & Q.,' 5th S. xi. 468, in reference to a statement by Archdeacon Denison in the Literary Churchman, May 31, 1879, p. 217, to the effect that this definition was to be attributed to Cicero. appeared these further notices: By myself, in xii. 54; F. S., 336, quoting it from the Blacksmith of Glammis, in Rogers's 'Familiar Illustrations of Scottish Life,' ch. vii. p. 127, Lon., 1876; by DR. CHARNOCK, referring it to notes in Prof. Fowler's edition of the 'Novum Organum,' p. 55; by FITZHOPKINS, citing the reference to Voltaire; by FITZHOPKINS also, p. 279, and MR. BATES, p. 213, adducing Matthews's Celebrated Lecture on Character, Manners, and Peculiarities, entitled the Home Circuit; or, Cockney Gleanings,' &c., Lon., 1827, J. Limbird, p. 28, other editions, p. 22, and Duncombe, Fleet Street, p. 24. No doubt the history of the phrase would be seen at once by referring to the notes on the Novum Organum by Prof. Fowler. ED. MARSHALL. LE FEVRE (7th S. iv. 69).-The correct way of spelling a family name must depend on the use of the family that bears it. Mr. Smythe would probably be offended if you spelt his name Smith, and Monsieur Le Febvre might equally object to the more modern form of Lefevre. Your correST. ELENE (7th S. iv. 89).-I am also interested spondent FABER speaks of the several ways the in the query. Would ANON. kindly give the quota-name is spelt in "the parish books," but he does tion from the document 9th Eliz.? I do not find Elene either in Alban Butler or 'Brit. Sanc.,' and am inclined to think it is not Helen. Perhaps the new work of Baring Gould might help us. I have not got it. F.S.A.Scot. Smith and Wace's 'Dictionary of Christian Biography' mentions a Helena, virgin of Auxerre, commemorated on May 22, and another Helena, virgin of Troyes, commemorated on May 4. But the latter was by some thought to be Helena, the mother of Constantine. Nothing is said as to either of these saints having been honoured in this country. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings. CAPT. GLASS (7th S. iv. 89).—John Glass, son of a Scotch clergyman, who wrote several controversial tracts, and died in 1773, was born at Dundee in 1725. As a surgeon, he undertook several voyages to the West Indies, but, not liking his profession, he accepted the command of a merchant ship and engaged in the trade to the Brazils. He published in 1 vol., 4to., A Description of Teneriffe, with the Manners and Customs of the Portuguese who are Settled there.' In 1763 he went to the Brazils with his wife and daughter, and in 1765 set sail for London, bringing with him all his property; but when the ship came in sight of Ireland, four of the seamen entered into a conspiracy and murdered Capt. Glass, his wife, daughter, the mate, one seaman, and two boys. They loaded the boat with dollars, and sunk the ship, landed at Ross, and went to Dublin, where they were apprehended and executed. Vide Chalmers's 'Biographical Dictionary' and Aikin's. There is no such book as that above mentioned in the British Museum Catalogue. Many of his father's tracts are entered under John Glas," and a George Glas translated a' History of the Canary Islands' from the Spanish of Abreu de Galindo in 1764, 1 vol., 4to. University College, W.C. DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE. Lowndes has: "Glas, George, "The History of the Canary Islands,' Lon., 1764, with a Map. This history will be found in the sixteenth volume of Pinkerton's 'Collection of Voyages and not tell us where those parish books are to be found, whether in France, in England, or elsewhere; but I suspect that he is speaking of the parochial registers in one or other of the Channel Islands. The following extracts from Payne's 'Armorial of Jersey' afford an answer to the greater part of FABER'S query : and comprehensive Armorial de France, is more "Nothing,' says de la Chesnaye des Bois, in his great common than the name of Le Fevre, in the various provinces of the Kingdom. That of Normandy furnishes several, for besides others, are chronicled the names, pedigrees and arms of Le Fèvre of Argentan, Valognes, Carentan and Rouen.' The name is Latinized Faber, i, e., Smith; and it seems to answer by its frequency in France to our own most familiar English patronymic. In Jersey tioned in official instruments of the XIII. century. ▲ this name occurs from a very early period, being menbranch of the family appears to have settled at Southampton in the XVII. century-John Le Feyvre, of that town, then being the representative of this section. The name has, at various periods, and in various localities, been spelt Faber, Febure, Febvre, Feubvre, Feyvre, and so on, as far as the ingenious rules of permutation and combination can go. In Jersey, the same peculiarity of accent that has corrupted Morant into Mourant, Coutance into Coutanche, Ranulfus into Renouf, &c., has rendered its most usual orthography, Le Feuvre." The armorial bearings assigned to the name are as various as the ways of spelling it; and until it is known where FABER dates from, it is impossible to answer that part of his inquiry relating to the crest borne by Le Fevre. Crests are not so much in use in France as they are in England, nor are they in French heraldry considered of much importance. E. McC Guernsey. THE ROYAL STUARTS (7th S. iv. 67).-The ancestry of Stuart kings may be traced to Charledirect descent is through the Emperor Charles II., magne through more than one channel. The most grandson of Charlemagne, whose daughter Judith married Ethelwulf, King of England. Their lineal descendant in the seventh generation was Eadward Ætheling, whose daughter Margaret married Malcolm III., King of Scotland, whose great-grandson, David, Earl of Huntingdon, had a daughter Isabella, who was the wife of Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale, and the great-grandmother of King Robert I. His daughter Marjory married Walter Stuart; their son, Robert II., being the first of the long line of Stuart kings. E. E. TAYLOR. Nothing is easier than to trace any royal European descent from Charlemagne. Here are the leading points of that which MAC ROBERT wishes for. Grandson to Charlemagne was Charles the Bald, whose daughter Judith married Baldwin I., Count of Flanders; seventh in decent from this marriage was Matilda, daughter of Baldwin V. and wife of William the Conqueror. The rest MAC ROBERT probably knows, and 'N. & Q.' probably has no room for; but if MAC ROBERT, thus guided, cannot make the descent out for himself, I have no objection to write it out for him, if he will give me his address. C. F. S. WARREN, M.A. The Cottage, Fulbourn, Cambridge, [Several full pedigrees have been sent. These, with other matter, are at the disposal of MAC ROBERT.] "THE LID OF HELL" (7th S. iv. 129).-Many years ago it was said of Carlsbad that it was a town built on the lid of a huge caldron filled with boiling water, with several outlets, serving the purpose of spouts, for the escape of the steam-a very fortunate arrangement, as, without these safety-valves it will readily be conceived the kettle would burst, and Carlsbad would be so greatly altered in appearance that its oldest friends would fail to recognize it. In 1830, at a fête at Naples, Salvandy said to the Duke of Orleans, "Nous dansons sur un volcan." The remark was prophetic, as the rising in Paris occurred a few days later, when the lid was blown off and the Royalists were scattered. A brief notice of the "Hell Kettles" of the North of England appears in Dr. Brewer's 'Dict. of Phrase and Fable,' but the exact expression the "Lid of Hell" is not found there. 57, Hollydale Road, S.E. WM. UNDERHILL. CROMWELL (7th S. iii. 107, 137, 232, 276, 415; iv. 33).-For the pedigree of Skinner see Hutchins's History of Dorsetshire,' vol. ii. p. 609, with additions at p. 188 of vol. ii. Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica. REGINALD STEWART BODDINGTON. National Conservative Club, 9, Pall Mail. BUCKDEN, HUNTS (7th S. iv. 88).—It must have Mr. Spencer Thornton at Buckden in 1837. been Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, who ordained E. WALFORD, M.A. 7, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. PARAPHERNALIA (7th S. iv. 106).-The explanation and illustrations of this word by K. P. D. E. hardly go far enough, and fail to comprehend the CURIOUS LOCAL NAME FOR THE MISSELessence of its meaning. The radical will be found THRUSH (7th S. iv. 105).—May not the mysterious in Gr. Tapapepo, to carry past or beyond. An name applied to this bird, Norman Gizer-"spelt inflection of this was applied to the marriage as pronounced in Oxfordshire"-be a corruption customs. IIpoí, a gift or present (from роσor a misunderstood pronunciation of the word gor-σouai) came to mean ordinarily a marriage portion mandizer? or dowry. Ilapápepva was something brought, tinued to belong to the wife. We obtained the over and above the stipulated dowry, which conword from the French about the sixteenth century. Whether it came intermediately through Latin or directly from the Greek is doubtful. I have not JAYDEE. HUGH POTTER, M.P. IN THE LONG PARLIAMENT (7th S. iv. 68).-Some little information about Potter is given in Ferguson's 'Cumberland and Westmorland M.P.s,' 1871, pp. 430-1. He appears to have been "Secretary to my Lord of Northumberland" in 1626, and "a merveillous honest civill young man, ἀληθῶς Ισραελίτης.” G. F. R. B. Hugh Potter was not in his place in Parliament on Jan. 27, 1643 [1644], for his name occurs at met with parapherna in Latin. In the Code Napoleon (Art. 1574) it is enacted, "Tous les biens de la femme qui n'ont pas été constitués en dot, sont paraphernaux." Signifying, thus, something superfluous, luxurious, the word naturally drifted into the general meaning of extra |