Elements of Surveying

axis back-sight base line bearing called centre column comp Cosine Cosine D course decimal degrees determined diff difference of latitude difference of level direction divided double meridian distance draw east error example feet figure fore-sight given angle given line given point half hence horizontal distance horizontal line hypothenuse inch instrument intersection length limb line of collimation logarithm longitude M. M. Sine marked measure method middle latitude miles multiplied natural sines paper parallel PARALLEL SAILING perpendicular plane of reference plane sailing plane triangle protractor radius right angles right-angled triangle rods sailing scale of chords scale of equal screws secant sector sights Sine Cotang Sine D spherical excess spider's lines square chains staff station straight line subtract surface survey Tang tangent telescope theodolite trigonometrical vernier plate vertical yards