the senate. "The Caput consists of the vicechancellor, a doctor in each of the faculties, two masters of arts, and other subordinate members, nominated by the vice-chancellor." The meeting of the senate is held about once a fortnight, the quorum being forty members at its first session, and twenty-four at its second. If a motion pass the two houses of the senate (called regents and non-regents) it becomes a law. Each degree which is conferred undergoes the scrutiny of the senate. The strictly executive authority consists of a Chancellor, who is the representative head of the university, and who has authority for a mile around the town, excepting in cases of mayhem and felony; a high steward, who has power to try cases of felony; a vice-chancellor, elected annually by the senate, who does the Chancellor's duty in his absence, and who is to all intents and purposes the acting head of the university, taking the place of our president; a commissary; public orator; assessor; two proctors; and other minor administrative officers. There are two courts of law to try all cases (excepting those of mayhem and felony) having relation to any member of the university; which courts are conducted upon the common principles and forms of civil law. The two members of Parliament from Cambridge are chosen by the senate. The professors' salaries are drawn from varied sources and from very ancient and quaint foundations; some of them come directly from the revenue of the English government.

Perhaps the grand distinguishing feature of the English college, which, above all others, makes it differ from the German and American college, is what has been already alluded to, its system of "Fellowships." The college exists, above all, for the benefit of its "Fellows," who enjoy its literary and social advantages to the utmost. From this body, continually replenished by the best scholars of the University, the lecturers, professors, and officers are drawn. They are in fact the permanent nucleus, "the pillar and ground" of the university organization. They represent and control it. The students seem to come in as a secondary and necessary class, or as forming the material out of which "Fellows" are made and supported.

This system, monastic in its origin, and monastic, until very recently, in its condition of celibacy, has its evil as well as its good, even as it relates to the "Fellows" themselves. It brings together, it is true, a body of highly cultivated men, who are constantly increasing their mental cultivation and heaping up erudition. But the tendency is for them to become refined and critical, instead of broadminded and practical scholars, penetrated with the spirit of the age, and having living sympathy with living men. They are tempted to work for the reputation of their college, instead of the highest good of the multitude of young minds who come under their shaping influence. They do not also, it is averred, actually produce as much in the way of original scholarship as might be expected from

such splendid opportunities. Besides, the system which sets a premium upon learning, and which makes the noblest studies the means and measure of pecuniary reward, cannot be considered as founded upon the broadest idea of education. The German idea is in the main superior to this. These Fellowships, since they may be held for a certain time without residence at the University, are, I have seen it stated, sought for with great avidity by those who expect to become lawyers, physicians, and clergymen, and who do not intend to connect their lives permanently with the University; in this way they are afforded support and a certain standing, as it were, in the transition period before they are well able to stand by their own strength and efforts. The temptation in such a case would seem to be, to retain as long as possible that support and stimulus, whether of a moral or pecuniary nature, which is so much needed at the very outset of a professional life.

Therefore, while we honor and reverence these glorious old universities, the parents of our own colleges, the nurses of English learning and letters, we would not copy them too closely, nor would we hastily pronounce upon the inferiority of our own. systems of education for our own peculiar wants and civilization. While the German university is somewhat too advanced, learned, and professional for our present needs, the English university is in some respects too exclusively national, stiff, and impractical for our imitation. We can learn much

from both; and so long as we have before us such living representatives of English university education as Gladstone, Goldwin Smith, Trench, Stanley, Froude, Kingsley, Ruskin, Lord Derby, Tennyson, we must feel that there is something in it whose depth we have not comprehended, and which draws from sources of life and power that are un

seen.

CHAPTER XVII.

LONDON TO FOLKESTONE.

THE Archbishop of Canterbury, in a playful mood, is said to have sent a message to Miss Marsh, the authoress of "The Life of Headley Vicars," asking her "when and by whom she had taken orders?' I wished to see this noble Christian woman, and the barn where she preached to the poor. Seven or eight miles to the south of London, leaving Sydenham and the Crystal Palace a little to the west, is Beckenham, a common country English village, pretty enough as that part of Surrey County is, but in no way remarkable. Walking past the inn, and the butcher's shop, and the baker's, and the blacksmith's, I did indeed at last come to the barn standing in the meadows, where Miss Marsh collects her motley audience of. delvers and ditchers. Her own residence is at the other end of the village, in a pleasant mansion set back a little from the road, with many fine old trees and a smooth lawn about it. Before I saw Miss Marsh I visited the village church, where there is a monument recently erected to the memory of Captain Vicars. It is neatly designed, with the ornament of a carved sword, sash-knot and