side softly streaked with a clear pale red, which extends only between the two widest ribs. Flesh pale greenish white, crisp, and tender. Juice abundant, subacid, but pleasant.

A very good culinary apple from Michaelmas to Christmas.

52. DUTCH CODLIN. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 175. French Codlin. Forsyth, Ed. 3. No. 50. Glory of the West. Of some Nurseries.

Fruit very large, of an oblong figure, with five ribs extending from the base to the crown; the three upper ones being the broadest, and the two lower ones the shortest and most acute, in the manner of the Catshead. Eye small and deep. Stalk short and thick. Skin yellow, but, when fully ripe, of an orange colour on the sunny side. Flesh white, rather dry. Juice a little sugary, or subacid.

A culinary apple from Michaelmas to Christmas.

This apple is known in Gloucestershire, Somersetshire, and some other western counties, by the name of Glory of the West. The tree is not a large grower, although the wood is remarkably strong.

53. ENGLISH CODLIN. Langley. Pom. Lond. t. 74. f. 3.

Codling. Ray (1688), No. 19.

The English Codlin is too well known in every part of England to require any description of it here. It is noticed only with the view of directing the attention of the orchardist to it as an old and valuable apple. The customary method, for at least one hundred and fifty years, has been to raise the trees from suckers, and truncheons, as they are called; and in every old garden where they are found they are diminutive, ill-formed, unproductive, and full of disease, incrusted, as it were, root and branch with the greatest of all pests, the aphis

lanigera, in consequence of which its fruit exhibits scarcely any thing of its original character.

Healthy, robust, and substantial trees are only to be obtained by grafting on stocks of the real sour HedgeCrab; they then grow freely, erect, and form very handsome heads, yielding fruit as superior to those of our old orchards, as the old, and at present deteriorated, Codlin is to the Crab itself.

54. GREY LEADINGTON. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 545. Fruit very large, oblong, broader at the base than at the crown, with five obtuse angles, extending the length of the fruit, in the manner of the French Codlin. Eye pretty large, an inch deep. Stalk half an inch long, strong, not projecting beyond the base. Skin yellow, with a deep blush or pale red on the sunny side. Flesh tender. Juice sugary, with a little acid and a slight perfume. An excellent culinary apple from Michaelmas to Christmas.

This is very different from either the Catshead or the French Codlin: the branches are long and strong, and it makes a large wide-spreading tree.

55. JUBILEE PIPPIN. Hort. Trans. Vol. v. p. 400. Fruit above the middle size, two inches and three quarters deep, and the same in diameter, rather conical, with irregular ribs extending from the base to the crown, where it is narrow, and unequally angular. Eye small, with a short connivent calyx, deeply sunk in a narrow compressed hollow. Stalk short, in an uneven funnelshaped cavity, not protruding beyond the base. very pale straw or cream colour, almost transparent, sprinkled with several small grey, and, on the sunny side, brownish specks. Flesh white, crisp, with a wide open core. Juice plentiful, sugary, and of a high musky flavour.

Skin

A dessert and culinary fruit from Michaelmas to Christmas. Raised by Michael Bland, Esq., in his

garden at Norwich. The seed was sown on the day of the jubilee, 1809; produced fruit in 1818; and first exhibited at the Horticultural Society, October 1.1822. The tree is now (1830) in a very healthy and flourishing state.

56. KESWICK CODLIN. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 180. Fruit pretty large, somewhat irregularly formed, having a few obtuse ribs extending from the base to the crown, which is obliquely pentangular. Eye rather large and deep. Stalk short, deeply inserted, not protruding beyond the level of the base. Skin pale yellow, a little tinged with blush on the sunny side. Flesh pale yellow. Juice plentiful, subacid. A culinary apple from September to November.

This very valuable apple is said to have originated in the neighbourhood of Keswick, in Cumberland. Its young fruit may be gathered for tarts in the month of June, when scarcely any other young apple is fit for use. When the young trees are vigorous, the last year's branches are loaded with fruit, while the spurs on the older ones are crowded to excess. This and the Hawthornden might, with great propriety, be recommended for the poor cottager's garden; and whoever, as a landlord, plants them for such a purpose, may be truly deemed the cottager's friend.

57. KING OF THE PIPPINS. Hort. Soc. Cat. No.519. Pom. Mag. t. 117.

Hampshire Yellow. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 431., according to the Pom. Mag.

Fruit above the middle size, inclining to oblong, broadest next the base; the outline tolerably free from angles, about two inches and a half deep, and three inches in diameter. Eye large, deep, in an even, very little plaited, hollow. Stalk an inch long, slender, about half inserted in a funnel-shaped cavity. Skin smooth, pale orange yellow, generally tinged with red

next the sun, and faintly streaked with the same colour. Flesh yellowish white, firm, breaking, very sweet, juicy, and highly flavoured.

A very beautiful dessert fruit in November and December. This very excellent apple was brought into notice by Mr. Kirke, of Brompton. It is hardy, and a very plentiful bearer.

58. LONGVILLE'S KERNEL. Hort. Soc. Cat. No.567. Pom. Mag. t. 63.

Sam's Crab. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 1021., according to the Pom. Mag.

Fruit middle-sized, oval, approaching to conical, rather angular. Eye rather small, with a short erect calyx, somewhat deeply sunk, and surrounded by a few even plaits. Stalk short, deeply inserted. Skin greenish yellow, streaked and spotted with bright red. Flesh firm, yellow. Juice perfumed, rich, sweet, pleasantly subacid. A dessert apple from the middle of August to the middle of September.

It is said that this apple has originated in Herefordshire, where it is at present but little known: it is very handsome, and of considerable merit.

59. MANKS CODLIN.

Irish Pitcher.

Frith Pitcher.

Ibid.

Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 183.

Of some collections.

Fruit middle-sized, a little more long than broad, without angles, but at the crown higher on one side than on the other. Eye shallow, surrounded by a few plaits. Stalk rather fleshy. Skin a clear, pale, waxen yellow; on the sunny side, shaded with deep orange, sprinkled with numerous dark specks. Flesh yellowish white, very firm. Juice brisk, subacid, with a slight aromatic flavour. An excellent culinary apple from September to November.

60. NELSON'S CODLIN. Nursery Catalogues.

Fruit about the size of the English Codlin, three

inches in diameter, and two inches and three quarters deep, broad at the base, slightly angular on the sides, and tapering to the crown which is narrow. Eye very small, with a slender closed calyx, inserted in a narrow, plaited basin. Stalk short, slender, not protruding beyond the base. Skin pale lemon colour on the shaded side, with a few green specks imbedded beneath the surface; on the sunny side, of a bright gold colour. Flesh yellowish white, very tender. Juice a little saccharine, with a slight acid and a little perfume.

A culinary apple in October and November. 61. RYMER APPLE. Hort. Trans. Vol. iii. p. 329. Fruit pretty large, of an irregular figure, with very broad ribs slightly formed at the base, but very prominent at the crown, about two and a half or three inches deep, and three and a quarter or three inches and a half in diameter. Eye open, seated rather deeply in an oblique, uneven, obtusely angled basin. Stalk half an inch long, in a somewhat shallow cavity, not protruding beyond the base. Skin pale yellow, nearly covered with a thin deep salmon colour, and tinged with dull scarlet on the sunny side. Flesh pale yellow, tender. Juice subacid, with a brisk flavour, which becomes very rich when baked.

A culinary apple in November and December.

This apple was raised by a gentleman of the name of Rymer, at Thirsk, in Yorkshire.

62. SCARLET PEARMAIN. Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 767. Pom. Mag. t. 62. Bell's Scarlet.

Hort. Soc. Cat. No. 767.

Fruit middle-sized, conical, of the true Pearmain form. Eye middle-sized, deeply sunk, surrounded by small plaits, and crowned by the green persistent calyx. Stalk about an inch long, slender, deeply inserted. Skin a rich glowing crimson on the sunny side; deep red,

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