598. Quos, governed by circum in the next line.

599, 600. Ni-ensis. We have here the pres. subj. in the protasis, and the perf. in the apodosis, where we should have expected the imperf. and the pluperf. H. 504, 1; A. & S. 261, Rem. 3. "Resistat expresses that the danger and consequently the guardianship (mea cura) are not over. Tulerint and hauserit, for the sake of liveliness, speak of the destruction as already a thing of the past." C. More clearly S.: 'My present resistance alone prevents the present completion of their destruction.' Tr.: "And (whom), were it not that my care opposes, by this time the flames would have swept away, and the hostile sword have drunk (their blood)."

601 sqq. Not the hated beauty of Laconian Tyndaris, nor censured Paris, the severity of the gods, I say of the gods, is overthrowing for thee this dominion, etc. "Tyndaris," Helen, the step-daughter of Tyndareus. — Tibi, dativus ethicus, depending on evertit — Trojam, and expressing the person affected with emotion (here of grief) by the overthrow.

-

604. Namque, and thou canst, for (eripiam omnem nubem, etc.) – Quae- caligat. Order: quae nunc, obducta, hebetat mortales visus tibi tuenti, et, humida, caligat circum.

608-623. "Not Homer himself is more sublime than Virgil in his loftiest flights, as when he describes the gods congregated for Troy's downfall." S. Introduction.

609, 610. Pulvere, dust (from the ruins). Tridenti, abl.

612. "The Scaean gate looked towards the shore, and the battle naturally thickened round it."

613. Prima, foremost, in front. The Scaean gate faced the Grecian camp. Socium agmen, i. e. the Greeks.

615. Jam, already. The sense is, it has already gone so far that even Pallas, the former protectress of Troy, sits as an enemy on the pinnacle of the citadel. L.

616. Limbo-saeva, refulgent with (her) bordered robe and (her) fiercs Gorgon. "Limbo," lit. with her border. "The robe reaching down to the feet was a characteristic of Pallas, and the border would naturally be of peculiar splendor, as it frequently appears to have been in more ordinary human costume." As the peplos or robe is here indicated by its most conspicuous part, so the aegis or shield is pointed out by the head of the Gorgon Medusa which it bore. I follow Hen., L., and R. in adopting limbo (which is found in a few MSS. and is mentioned by Servius) instead of nimbo, the ordinary reading.

617, 618. Pater, Jupiter.- Secundas, i.e. victorious. Sufficit, sup

plies.

621. Dixerat, she ceased to speak; (lit. she had spoken.)

622. While she speaks, the wondrous vision is revealed: the awful forms appear, etc.

624. Mihi, poetical dat. of the agent.- Visum (est), was seen.

625. Troy was called Neptunian because its walls were built by Neptune and Apollo.

626-631. There is no apodosis in this sentence, but it is easily supplied by the mind; indeed it may be said to be implied in line 624-5. As the ash, so at length old Troy gave way. —— B.

629. Comam, acc. of specification. B. quotes Milton's expression, "the graceful locks of these far-spreading trees." A. & S. 234, II.; B. 728.-Vertice, H. 414, 3; A. & S. 247, 2; B. 873. Modal abl. 630. Supremum congemuit, it has groaned loudly its last. H. 371, 1, 3), (2); A. & S. 232, (3); B. 713 et seqq.; A. 52, IV. 632. Deo. Venus, deus being used as of common gender. 637. Excisa Troja, abl. absolute.

638, 639. Quibus, sc. est. - Integer aevi sanguis sanguis aevi integri (W.), “quibus-sanguis," whose is the blood of unimpaired youth.-Aevi, H. 399, 3, 4); A. & S. 213. Genitive of specification.Suo, emphatic: your own, not another's.

642. Una exc. Anchises refers to the destruction of Troy by Hercules in the time of Laomedon. - Una, plural because with a plural noun. H. 176, 1; A. & S. 118, Rem. 2; B. 203, 3; M. 76, c, Obs.

644. Sic positum, i. e. stretched out in the attitude of death; sic, just as I am. -- Affati, i. e. with the words "vale, vale, vale!"

645. Ipse manu. I myself with my hand, e. by fighting. Like Priam, he will mingle in the battle and provoke his death.

646. "In calling the loss of a tomb a light one, Anchises is speaking as a world-wearied old man, not as realizing the belief of the heroic time" that the souls of the unburied wandered forlorn on this side of the Styx for a hundred years.

647. Invisus divis. Anchises was thunder-stricken and lamed by Jupiter for boasting of the love of Venus.

648. Demoror. H. 467, III. 2; A. & S. 145, I. 2; B. 1083; A. 27, I. end. Ex quo, sc. tempore.

649. Me fulminis—igni, blasted me with the wind of the thunderbolt and struck me with its fire.

652-3. Vertere, to overthrow, to destroy.-Fato — incumbere, and to lend his weight to (lit. to lean upon) the destiny (that was) bearing (us) down.

C.

654. Incepto as well as sedibus is governed by in.- Isdem belongs to both nouns.

13 Six Books.

660. Et-animo, and this resolution is fixed in (thy) mind.—Animo, poetical ablative of place.

661. Isti leto, for that death thou seekest. For the reference of iste to the second person, see H. 450; A. & S. 207, Rem. 25; B. 1028.

664. Hoc erat, quod, was this (the reason) that; was it for this, that. 668. Lux ultima the last day.

=

681. Inter manus. Creüsa held Iulus in her arms, and was pressing him upon Aeneas.

682-3. Levis apex, a light pointed-flame. — Visus, sc. est.—Tactu. H. 429; A. & S. 250, 1; B. 889; A. 54, I. (specification).

685. Trepidare, historical infinitive.

690. Aspice-tantum, look (with favor) upon us in this one thing (lit. this thing only). Hoc, acc. of specification. W. makes it acc. of kindred signification, after aspice nos: "Cast upon us but this one propitious glance."

693. Thunder on the left was held as a good omen by the Romans. 699. Anchises lifts himself up from his recumbent posture.

706. Aestus, accusative.

707. Imponere, imperat. pass. (with the force of a middle), place thyself upon.

708. Labor iste, this labor of carrying thee. Iste is the demonstrative of the second person.

711. Longe, at some distance, so as not to attract the attention of the enemy. The servants, too, were sent by different routes (ex diverso, 716.) 713. Egressis (sc. iis), dat. of reference and interest. H. 389; A. & S. 228, note. (See note on jactanti, I. 102.)

714. Cupressus. The student will notice many instances in which a sacred tree is spoken of in connection with an altar or a shrine.

719. Aen. must be purified after blood-pollution.-Vivo, i. e. running. 721. Humeros and colla, acc. of specification, after insternor. 722. Super, above, to be taken adverbially with insternor. 724. Who does not realize the scene here described? B. 729. Comiti, oneri, for my companion, etc. H. 385, 3. 735. Mihi trepido, dat. of disadvantage, limiting confusam eripuit H. 386, 2; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2.- Nescio quod, I know not what, (i. e. some).—Male amicum = unfriendly.

mentem.

737. Nota regione viarum, from the known (i. e. the habitual) direction of the way.

738. Misero mi (= mihi) erepta (est), was snatched from me unhappy. H. 386, 2; A. & S. 224, Rem. 2; B. 855, 856; 1075; A. 51, V. Note. Fato mi, a conjecture of R. The MSS.: fatone.

739. We might expect the subj. of indirect question, after incertum (est), in these verbs; but the indicative of direct question is used, with greater rhetorical effect: "did she halt, or did she wander from the path, or did she sit down wearied? It is uncertain."

750. Stat, sc. sententia: i. e. I am determined.

754. Lumine, with the eye.

755. Animo, sc. meo. - Terrent, sc. me.

756. Pedem tulisset, she might have borne her foot (i. e. gone) thither. 761. Portic., and asylo, poet. abl. of place.-Asylo, in the sanctuary. 771. Tectis in tectis, among the houses.

=

773. Notâ major. The ghosts of the dead appear larger than in life. 774. Stetĕrunt. H. 669, IV.; A. & S. 307, I. and (2); B. 1458, n. 779. Fas, destiny.-Aut, where we use nor. A. & S. 198, II. 2, (d), 780. Exsilia, sc. sunt obeunda.

781. The Tiber, rising in Etruria, is called Lydian from the traditional origin of the Etruscans from Lydia in Asia Minor.

784. Parta, sc. sunt.-Creusae, obj. gen.; tears for, etc.

786. Servitum. H. 569; A. & S. 276, I. and II.; B. 1360, 1364; A. 74, I. 787. Dardanis, a woman sprung from Dardanus. H. 316; A. & S. 100, 1, (b); B. 548; A. 44, I. 3.

788. Deum genetrix, Cybele. She was one of the patronesses of Troy, being a Phrygian goddess and worshipped on Ida. C.

792. Conatus, sc. sum. - Collo. Dat. H. 384, II. 1; A. & S. 249, I., Rem. 3; B. 855, 859; A. 51, II.

795. "There seems a touch of pathos in sic. A modern writer would probably expand it," A lonely widower, I return to my comrades." C. 800. Deducere, to conduct them as colonists.

801. The planet Venus when seen in the east, near sunrise, was called Lucifer or Phosphorus; when seen in the west at evening, Hespěrus.

BOOK III.

ARGUMENT.

In the winter after the overthrow of Troy, Aeneas builds a fleet (1-8). He sails with a number of fellow-exiles in the spring or summer of the second year, and spends the winter in Thrace, where he begins to found a city; but the shade of Polydorus warns him to avoid the cursed land (8-68). In the third year, he goes to Delos, and consults the oracle, but, misinterpreting the response, steers for Crete instead of Italy (73– 120). Ill omens and a plague retard the building of his rising city; but, warned by the gods, in the fifth year he directs his course to Italy (121-191). He is wafted in a storm to the Strophades, thence to Actium, where he celebrates games in honor of Apollo (192-290). In the sixth year, he lands in Epirus, and finds it ruled over by Helenus, one of the sons of Priam, to whom, after the death of Pyrrhus, the kingdom had fallen, and along with it Andromache, formerly the wife of Hector. He is received with great kindness, and instructed by Helenus in all the labors and dangers that yet await him on his voyage (291-505). Crossing to the Italian shore, he coasts southward, approaches the district of Sicily near to Aetna, escapes the Cyclopes, and again stands out to sea (506-683). Avoiding Scylla and Charybdis, he reaches Drepanum, where his father Anchises dies; thence setting sail, he is driven to Carthage, where he arrives in the summer of the seventh year, probably as winter is drawing on (684-718).

1. Res Asiae, the kingdom of Asia.

2. Visum (est) superis, it seemed good to the gods.

3. Humo, from the ground. -Fumat. The change to the present is lively the smoke continues after the instantaneous overthrow.

6. Molimur, we build more lit., "prepare with much labor." 9. Fatis. We might have expected "ventis," but the unusual expression to spread their sails to the fates indicates their dependence on destiny.

13. Terra Mavortia, a land devoted to Mars.-Procul simply implies