LATIN I. Grammar 2. Elementary Prose Composition 3. Second Year 4. Cicero (Manilian Law and Archias) and Sight Translation of Prose 124. 1, 2, and 4 Combined 5. Vergil (Aeneid, I, II, and IV or VI) and Sight Translation of Poetry 80 81 82 SPANISH Elementary. Comprehensive ZOOLOGY. 117 119 123 BIOLOGY Friday 2 p.m. Two hours Answer two questions from each group, and four additional questions which may be selected from any of the groups. GROUP I 1. Describe the microscopic structure of the leaf of a flowering plant, indicating the function of each part. 2. Name and describe the reproductive organs in a flower and in a fish (or frog). 3. Describe fully three adaptations of plants for seed dispersal. Give illustrative examples. 4. Compare the circulatory system of man and some animal you have studied, pointing out the resemblances and differences. 5. Compare the sense organs of an insect and of a vertebrate. GROUP II 6. Explain how the inorganic substances in the soil are absorbed and transported to the leaf. 7. What are the differences in the method of nutrition in a green plant and in man? 8. Show how each of the following organs contributes to the maintenance of life and health: salivary glands, pancreas, liver, kidneys, small intestine ? 9. (a) Give the distinguishing characteristics of five general groups of animals. (b) Give the distinguishing characteristics of five general groups of plants. 10. Describe the life history of either a flowering plant or a frog. GROUP III 11. Show how bacteria are essential to the life of man. 12. Explain fully the ways in which a knowledge of biology might be of importance to (a) the farmer, (b) the baker, (c) the butcher, (d) the doctor. 13. What is the economic importance of five of the following organisms: owl, flax, skunk, toad, yeast, white daisy, starfish? 14. (a) In what ways may the growth of bacteria be checked without killing them? (b) In what ways may bacteria be killed? 15. In what ways may plant or animal breeders improve their stock? BOTANY Friday 2 p.m. Two hours Answer three questions of each group, and one additional question which may be selected from any group. GROUP I 1. Make a drawing of one cell of an alga and label all the parts. 2. Enumerate the differences in structure between a woody dicotyledonous stem such as an oak and a monocotyledonous stem such as corn. 3. Compare by labeled drawings the following floral types: (a) hypogynous (superior) and epigynous (inferior); (b) regular and irregular. Give the name of the plant used to illustrate each. 4. (a) Name four different types of edible fruits. (b) What floral parts enter into each of them? 5. (a) In what different parts of a seed may its food supply be stored? (b) Name three foods found in seeds. (c) How would you detect the presence of each experimentally? GROUP II 6. Describe fully with illustrations the life history and life processes of the yeast plant. 7. (a) Name two families of monocotyledons and three families of dicotyledons. Give a representative plant of each family. (b) Give one characteristic by reason of which you assign each plant named in answer to (a) to its particular family. 8. Explain fully what is meant by the expression "alternation of generations." În what group of plants is this phenomenon most obvious? 9. (a) Explain the use of the terms: species, genus, and family as used in botany. (b) Select a plant known to you and give its scientific name and the family to which it belongs. 10. Describe the process of photosynthesis, indicating (a) the substances used, (b) where each is obtained, (c) how each is obtained, (d) the conditions necessary for carrying on the process, and (e) the substances produced. GROUP III 11. (2) Name four plants important because of their medicinal value. (b) In what part or parts of each plant does the medicinal material occur? 12. Give a brief discussion of forests, including (a) areas of greatest density in the United States, (b) uses of the forests, (c) dangers to the forests, (d) methods used in conserving the forests. 13. Describe briefly two methods by which plant breeders are improving plants. 14. Explain three ways in which soils may be improved for agricultural purposes. 15. From what plant and from what part of the plant is each of the following food and textile products obtained: cotton, linen, manila-hemp, flour, tapioca, cinnamon, sugar, and coffee? CHEMISTRY Friday 2 p.m. Two hours Answer nine questions as indicated below. No extra credit will be given for more than nine questions. Attach to the answer, in each case, the number and letter used in the printed paper. PART I (Answer all questions in this group. Each question counts 12.) 1. Write equations for the following reactions, using formulas throughout. To receive credit, the equations must be absolutely correct. (a) Sodium acid carbonate+sulphuric acid= (b) Carbon dioxide+heated carbon= (c) Silver sulphate+barium chloride= (d) Copper+hot concentrated sulphuric acid= (e) Hydrogen sulphide burned in excess of air= (f) Potassium chlorate heated with manganese dioxide = 2. Select three of the substances: chlorine, potassium nitrate, zinc, slaked lime, and give the following information in regard to each: (a) Name a naturally occurring material from which the substance is commonly made. (b) Write the equation or equations representing the preparation of the substance from this material. (c) Give one important commercial use. 3. (a) Given a soluble oxide, how could you determine whether or not it was the oxide of a metal? (b) What three tests could you make to distinguish between sodium chloride and finely divided paraffin? (c) Define the term "radical," and illustrate by an example. (d) Illustrate the law of multiple proportions by considering the composition by weight of two compounds containing the same elements. 4. (a) What forms of energy are manifest when a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is exploded? From what source are these forms of energy derived? Apply the law of conservation of energy to this reaction. (b) Excess of phosphorus is allowed to act on air at atmospheric pressure in a sealed flask. When the reaction is complete, (1) What is the pressure (approximately) in the flask, the temperature remaining the same? (2) How does the weight of the flask and contents after the reaction compare with the weight before? State the law upon which the latter conclusion is based. 5. (a) If 50.0 grams of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, are added to 50.0 grams of hydrochloric acid, HCl, in water solution; which substance remains in excess? What is the weight of this excess? (Atomic weights: Ca 40, Cl 35.5, O 16, C 12, H 1.) (SEE NEXT PAGE) can be obtained by adding 10.0 grams of copper to excess of dilute nitric acid according to the equation: 3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+4H2O+2NO? (Atomic weights: Cu 64, O 16, N 14, H 1. One liter of nitric oxide at 0° C. and 760 mm. weighs 1.34 grams.) PART II (Omit one group. Each question counts 10.) GROUP A 6. Answer five parts of this question. How could you demonstrate experimentally that: (a) Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent? (b) Sulphur dioxide is a reducing agent? (c) Copper sulphate is a salt? (d) Alcohol contains carbon? (e) Kerosene is a mixture? (f) Litharge contains lead? 7. How could you make: (a) Zinc sulphate from zinc chloride? (b) Copper from copper sulphate? (c) Ferric oxide from ferric chloride? (d) Sodium sulphite solution from sulphur? GROUP B 8. (a) What is meant by the term "reversible reaction"? (b) Under what three conditions will a reaction proceed to completion? (c) Illustrate each of these conditions separately by writing the equation of a suitable reaction, showing which condition is fulfilled in each case. 9. (a) State Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes. What volume of oxygen is required for the complete combustion of five liters of acetylene, C2H2? All measurements are to be made under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. (b) One liter of gas A weighs 1.98 grams. One liter of gas B weighs 0.77 gram, under the same conditions. The molecular weight of A is 44. What is the molecular weight of B? GROUP C 10. (a) Describe the electrolytic process for silver plating. (b) Of what chemical elements are ordinary fuels composed? What products are formed by their combustion? Aside from expense, what are the disadvantages of sulphur as a fuel? 11. (a) Show briefly the relation of four constituents of the atmosphere to the vital processes of plants and of animals. (b) Describe the chemical changes that occur in a blast-furnace for making pig-iron from an ore consisting of ferric oxide and sand. |