SPAIN.

PROCLAMATION FOR ASSEM-
BLING THE CORTEZ.

Cadiz, July 12, 1810. Citizens of Cadiz;-Your wishes are now to be accomplished with those of all Spain. Your sacred rights, forgotten and nearly lost, will be restored by the Cortes to be convened in the following month! You are about to exercise the solemn function of legislators, of which you have been deprived by tyranny, falsely called legitimate and sovereign authority. With difficulty we have arrested the sword of power, which has caused the evils that we deplore, to return your just claim to have independent representatives who shall watch over your happiness. The oppressor of human nature would not have advanced so far in his attempts at universal despotism, if the nations under his iron sway had known how to maintain the dignity of men and citizens, which knowledge constitutes the rigour and strength of the empire. History, citizens, has taught us by more than one example how much Spain has been indebted to that heroic fortitude, wich, in our Cortes, has made kings themselves amenable for the abuse of their power! Remember that princes have sometimes treated you as if they had no duties, and you no rights, and as if the uttering of your complaints were a crime against the state.-Commence then your duties in Spain, which is as free to you as it was to your ancestors. For this purpose employ the right of suffrage, which you enjoy by nature and by the constitution of your country; and let not seduction surprise you in the very asylum of your liberty, dictating to you the selection which ought to be the unbiassed exercise of your will and pleasure. Favour,

friendship, rank and property give no title, and it is not by men possessing these that the country is to be saved! Patriotism, talent, merit proved by experience, these it is that should claim your attention. He who solicits your vote, and employs artifices to attract public approbation, estimates at a low rate the independence of a generous people, and ought to be marked by you as a suspicious character. True patriotism possesses too much genuine modesty to be the hero of its own story; and would rather convince you by deeds than by words that it deserves your confidence.-Neither ought you to forget that you are responsible to your children and posterity for the faithful discharge of your duty on this occasion. Since the re-establishment of the monarchy you are perhaps the only Spaniards who have enjoyed so fair an opportunity to give permanence and solidity to civil institutions. If, after two years of uncertainty and vacillation, when you have been so often brought to the edge of the precipice, you do not yet discover the origin of your calamities to consist in the imperfect representation of the national will, what will be the consequence? The government and all good citizens will lament your culpable blindness, and they will have at least the negative. consolation of knowing that history will point out you as the destroyers of your family, and the assassins of your country.

You cannot now justify yourselves, as at the commencenent of the revo

lution, by the consternation into which the enemy threw the country, so that having no means of chusing and examining, you were given up to clamorous pretenders, who availed themselves of the confusion to domineer over you; nor can you vindicate yourselves by professing

French armies in the South of Spain, and the dissolution of the supreme junta, the cause of the parent state had become desperate. He trusts, therefore, that as soon as the actual state of things shall have been correctly known in that quarter, the general acknowledgment throughout Spain of the regency, and the unremitted exertions of the Spaniards in defence of their country under that authority, the inhabitants of the Caraccas will be induced to return to their connection with Spain as an integral part of the Spanish monarchy.

His Majesty is led more particularly to entertain this expectation, from the consideration that the regency now established at Cadiz appears to have adopted the same wise and generous principles, with respect to the provinces in America, as were previously adopted by the supreme junta, in establishing the connection between every part of the Spanish monarchy, upon the most liberal footing, in regarding the American provinces as integral parts of the empire, and in admitting them in consequence to a place in the Cortez of the kingdom.

His Majesty feels confident that the same generous and enlightened policy which has dictated these measures, will induce the government of Spain to regulate the intercourse of the American provinces with other parts of the world, upon such a basis as will contribute to their growing prosperity, and at the same time augment all the advantages which the parent state may justly expect to derive from them.

His Majesty trusts that this exposition of his sentiments will enable you, without difficulty, to regulate your conduct in any intercourse you may find it necessary to have with the contiguous Spanish provinces in South America; and as his Majesty has directed that a copy of this letter should be communicated to the government of Spain, he can have no objection to your making any use of the avowal of these his sentiments which circumstances may appear to you to require.

remained on the frontiers of Portugal, must have proved to the Portuguese nation what they have to expect from the French. The inhabitants of some villages have remained in them, confiding in the promises of the enemy, and hoping that, by becoming the enemies of their country, they might conciliate and mollify them, and inspire them with humane sentiments; that their property would be respected, their females preserved from brutal violation, and their lives secured.

Vain hope! the inhabitants of those submissive places have suffered all the evils which a cruel enemy could inflict; their property has been plundered, their habitations burned, their women atrociously violated, and those whose age and sex did not provoke the brutal violence of the soldiers, have fallen victims to the imprudent confidence which they placed in promises made only to be broken.

The Portuguese must now see that no other means remain to avoid the evils with which they are threatened, but a determined and vigorous resistance, and a firm resolution to obstruct as much as possible the advance of the enemy into the interior of the kingdom, by removing out of his reach all such things as may contribute to his subsistence or facilitate his progress. This is the only and most certain means to prevent the evils with which the country is threatened.

The army under my command will protect as large a portion of the country as is possible; but it is obvious that the people alone can deliver themselves by a vigorous resistance, and preserve their goods by removing them out of the reach of the enemy.

The duties that bind me to his royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal and to the Portuguese nation, oblige me to make use of the power and authority with which I am furnished, and compel the careless and indolent to make the necessary efforts to preserve themselves from the dangers which threaten them, and to save their country.

In conformity with this I make known and declare, that all magistrates and persons in authority, who shall remain in the villages or towns, after having received orders from the military officers to remove from them,--and all persons, of whatever class they may be, who shall maintain the least communication with, or aid and assist in any manner,

the enemy, shall be considered as traitors to the state, and tried and punished as such an enormous crime requires.

WELLINGTON.

Head-quarters, Aug. 4.

TREATY

OF FRIENDSHIP AND ALLIANCE BETWEEN HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY AND HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE REGENT

OF PORTUGAL.

OF FEBRUARY, 1810.
Published by Authority.

In the Name of the Most Holy and

Undivided Trinity.

His Majesty the King of the United Kindom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, being impressed with a sense of the advantage which the two Crowns have derived from the perfect harmony and friendship which have subsisted between them during four centuries, in a manner equaily honourable to the good faith, moderation, and justice of both parties, and recognizing the important and happy effects which their mutual alliance has produced at the present crisis, during which his royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal (firmly attached to the cause of Great Britain, as well by his own principles as by the example of his august ancestors,) has continually received from his Britannic Majesty the most generous and disinterested support and succour, both in Portugal and in his other dominions, have determined, for the benefit of their respective states and subjects to form a solemn treaty of friendship and alhance; for which purpose his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, have named for their respective Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries, to wit, his Britannic Majesty, the most Illustrious and most Excellent Lord Percy Clinton Sidney, Lord Viscount and Baron of Strangford, one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Knight of the Military Order of the Bath, Grand Cross of the Portuguese Order of the Tower and Sword, and his Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Portugal; and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, the most

sive alliance, and strict and inviolable union, between his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his heirs and successors, on the one part, and his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, his heirs and successors, on the other part; as also between and amongst their respective kingdoms, dominions, provinces, countries, and subjects, so that the bigh contracting parties shall constantly employ as well their utmost attention as all those means which Almighty Providence has put in their power, for preserving the public tranquillity and security, for maintaining their common interests, aud for their mutual defence and guarantee against every hostile attack, the whole in conformity to the treaties already subsisting between the high contracting parties; the stipulations of which, so far as the points of alliance and friendship are concerned, shall remain in entire force and vigour, and shall be deemed to be renewed by the present treaty in their fullest interpretation and extent.

2. In consequence of the engagement contracted by the preceding article, the two high contracting parties shall always act in concert for the maintenance of peace and tranquillity, and in case that either of them should be threatened with a hostile attack by any power whatever, the other shall employ its most earnest and effectual good offices, either for preventing hostilities, or for procuring just and complete satisfaction to the injured party.

3. In conformity with this declaration, his Britannic Majesty agrees to renew and confirm, and does hereby renew and confirm, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, the engagement contained in the sixth article of the convention signed by their respective Plenipotentiaries in London, on the

twenty-second day of October, 1807, which article is hereunto subjoined, with the omission only of the words " previously to his departure for Brazil," which words immediately followed the words" which his Royal Highness may establish in Portugal."

"The seat of the Portuguese monarchy being established in Brazil, his "Britannic Majesty promises in his own 66 name, and in that of his heirs and successors, never to acknowledge as King "of Portugal, any prince other than the "heir and legitimate representative of "the royal house of Braganza; and his "Majesty also engages to renew and cr maintain with the regency (which his "royal highness may establish in Portu"gal,) the relations of friendship which "have so long united the crowns of Great "Britain and Portugal."

And the two high contracting parties do also renew and confirm the additional articles relating to the island of Madeira, signed in London on the 16th day of March, 1808, and engage faithfully to execute such of them as remain to be executed.

4. His royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal renews and confirms to his Britannic Majesty the engagement which has been made in his royal name, to make good all and several the losses and defalcations of property sustained by the subjects of his Britannic Majesty, in consequence of the various measures which the court of Portugal was unwillingly obliged to take in the month of November, 1807. And this article is to be carried into full effect as soon as possible after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty.

5. It is agreed, that in case it should appear that any losses or injuries in point of property have been sustained either by the Fortuguese government, or by the subjects of his royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, in consequence of the state of public affairs at the time of the amicable occupation of Goa by the troops of his Britannic Majesty; the said losses and injuries shall be duly investigated, and that upon due proot thereof they shall be made good by the British government.

6. His royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, preserving a grateful remembrance of the service and assistance which his crown and family have received from the royal navy of England, being convinced that it has been

by the powerful exertions of that navy in support of the rights and independence of Europe, that the most effectual barrier has hitherto been opposed to the ambition and injustice of other states; and desiring to give a proof of confidence and perfect friendship to his true and ancient ally the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, is pleased to grant to his Britannic Majesty the privilege of causing timber for the purpose of building ships of war to be purchased and cut down in the woods, forests and chases of Brazil (excepting in the royal forests, which are appointed for the use of the Portuguese navy,) together with permission to cause ships of war to be built, equipped, or repaired within the ports and harbours of that empire, a previous application and notice being made in each instance (for form's sake) to the court of Portugal, which shall immediately appoint an officer of the royal navy to assist and attend upon these occasions. And it is expressly declared and promised that these privileges shall not be granted to any other nation or state whatsoever.

7. It is stipulated and agreed by the present treaty, that if at any time a squadron or number of ships of war should be sent by either of the high contracting parties for the succour and assistance of the other, the party receiving the succour and assistance shall, at its own proper charge and expence, furnish the said squadron or ships of war (so long as they may be actually employed for its benefit, protection, or service), with the articles of fresh beef, vegetables, and fuel, in the same proportion in which those articles are usually supplied to its own ships of war, by the party so granting the succour and assistance. And this agreement is declared to be reciprocally binding on each of the high contracting parties.

8. Whereas it is stipulated by former treaties between Great Britain and Portugal, that in times of peace the ships of war of the former power, that may be admitted at any one time into any port belonging to the other, shall not exceed the number of six, his royal highness the Prince Regent of Portugal, confiding in the faith and permanency of his alli ance with his Britannic Majesty, is pleased to abrogate and annul this restriction altogether, and to declare, that benceforward any number of ships what