who tries to analyze the power of any great study so taught that through it the personality teacher, that the personality of the teacher- of the student teacher is riper, sounder, more that inmost spirit which is the man-is of the attractive to children? first importance The recognition of the su- We believe that those who study boys and preme importance of this factor is doubtless girls for the love of child study, for the love of due to a better understanding on the part of the science, rather than for the love of children, public in general as to what education is. In will in time be obliged to confess that they the minds of fewer are scholarship and culture have lost the power to appreciate the highest synonymous. More are beginning to see that and the best that is in the child. Neither the the result of teaching should be quality of mind accumulation of facts about children nor the rather than quantity of knowledge, that there discovery of general truths of child life and may be encyclopedic scholarship without cul- development can add to the personal power of ture, and that there may be culture with small the teacher. The growth of this power can be scholarship.

fostered only by that study which arouses the As is true of the study of literature and of feelings and develops sympathy and love for nature, and, in fact, of any subject, the study of children; for, as Prof. Arlo Bates puts it: children may result in the accumulation of “What we learn we possess; what we feel we knowledge or may result in culture Culture

are." has been defined as “the process by which a Child study then in the training of teachers man takes the world into his nature and is fed, should concern itself with children a great deal sustained, and enlarged by natural, simple, and with treatises about them much less. It deep relations and fellowship with the whole should not attempt to establish general truths order of things of which he is a part.” Is child of mental and physical growth, but should study in normal and training schools to-day so direct attention to the individual for the sake of conducted that the student preparing to teach the individual. It should be so conducted that takes the children “into his nature and is fel, the interest will be in the child rather than in sustained, and enlarged by natural, simple, deep child study, and, finally, it should be a culture relations and fellowship” with them? Or are study in the best meaning of the word instructors in child study repeating the error “ culture,” striving to put the pupil teacher of the old education in attempting to develop into harmonious relations and fruitful fellowteachers by additions from without, by simply ship with children. storing in their minds vast collections of mis

John G. THOMPSON, cellaneous facts about children? Personality is

President State Normal School. to a great extent the result of culture. Is child Fitchburg, Mass.

OUTSIDE EDUCATIONAL FORCES DEPARTMENT

MRS, FRANCES FORD, Editor

M

ODERN life seems gradually to have a matter of proportion and method, and, speaktransposed the order established by na- ing generally, women make wiser choices than

ture. The summer, not the winter, is men of what is to be done, while men excel in its period of relaxation and reinforcement; the decisions upon how it is to be done. That was fall, not the spring, its season of fresh begin- a wise woman who took for a maxim : “Somenings. So it is when the year rolls round to thing must be left out,” and it was also a wise September that everybody, from merchant to man who said, “The best tool for every pieco schoolboy, looks out upon the opportunities of of work." Why not combine the two? Why a working year and gathers together his forces not insist that time and strength be used not more or less consciously to meet them.

only for the best things, but in the best way? SUCCESSFUL living grows more and more to be We are curiously inconsistent here. We put

Th

our bodies into the care of the finest special- an annual examination brought to our very ists; we call into action an army of skilled me- doors by those whose guidance is prized by the chanics to build our houses; we avoid the nov- serious minded students of the land, why ice in tailor or dressmaker; and the cry for should we be content with less. The best competent servants may be heard anywhere in teacher, whatever he costs, is the cheapest. the land. But why should we select a nurse The bargain counter has no place in the study with more care than we do a kindergartner? class. Is it enough that the latter be of sweet person- THE NORTH WESTERN believes that music is ality and have perfect manners? Is it of no

one of the great educational factors, and it has consequence that she have an adequate concep

therefore arranged for the publication of a sertion of the philosophy and scope of the system

ies of papers on the place of music in the deshe uses, if only she have a knack with chil

velopment of the child. The first article is dren? We set apart the years, wisely or not,

from the pen of Mr. Homer Moore, a wellthat our children are to spend in school. Then

known critic and teacher, of Omaha, Neb. we consider our duty done. We make little inquiry as to the manner in which these hundreds of hours are to be spent. Will any of The Place of Music in the Child's them be wasted? Will the methods in use be

Development such as are suitable to our child? Will they HE development of the best elements in make him alert, discriminating, logical! Will the child nature is an ever present probhe learn to use himself and the world? In by

lem with every father, mother, and edugone days the “committeeman ” always closed cator. No child can come into the world withhis school speeches by begging the children be- out feeling the influence of his environment. If fore him to take heed how they used the pre

he could and did he would fail to develop at all. cious and fleeting hours. To-day the parent A seed in one of the pyramids of Egypt is not carries a large share of that responsibility. less likely to grow and to fulfil the inherent

destiny embodied in its latent powers. IntelWe undertake philanthropic and reforma

lectual development is a growth; it cannot be tory work, and we do it at an enormous waste, because we fail to put intelligence into it.

put on like a garment, nor can it be laid off like

Whatever it may be it must remain, unHere, again, women are greater sinners than

less yet further growth ensues. men. They appeal to city councils for clean

The child-mind is like the seed; whatever it streets six months after the annual appropriation has been made and made too small. They future excepting those predispositions which

is to be it must become. Everything is in the use their heads to batter down stone walls when a little undermining with tact and patience and least resistance. Only education can con

are inherited. They draw the lines of most would bring about a better result. They often weaken the effect of their counsels by failing education is the gradual formation of lines of

tend against them with any hope of success, and to recognize conditions or to sympathize with

thought. If the child become a man, thinks in the efforts of others.

conformity to the spirit of the age in which he We gather in clubs and study classes and take lives, and feels as it inspires him, his life will great comfort in thinking of the time we are be a benefit to himself and to others. His to invest in the things of the mind, and that is thought may be in advance of that of the mawell. But our study should have the direction jority of his fellows and yet tend all in the of experts if we can secure it. Why should same direction. This cannot be unless he is at we not have for leaders those who are best some time abreast of the common thought. He equipped for the service by experience and must realize in himself the products of the culpractice. University extension exists for the ture that has been accomplished up to this time. very purpose of giving such leaders. When Music is a branch of human culture, and as such we can have a syllabus, a monthly review, and it cannot be ignored. Music is much more than

one.

a succession of sounds; it is a language. Chil- comes like a beautiful resolution after harsh dren learn languages better than adults. The discords.

CAL earlier in life one learns a language the less for- Since children are to be the men and women eign it seems. When a man of sixty years of the future, it behooves them to prepare attempts to learn a new one everybody is sur- while they are children for the grand part they prised and his success is doubtful. When a

are to play in the drama of life, and every child has passed through the period of his

year that drama approaches nearer and nearer school life he has very largely determined the to becoming a music-drama. The rhythms of thought-directions along which he can pass with life are becoming synchronized with the vibraleast resistance, and he has formed habits of

tions of the divine art, and are conforming to expression which will be for him ever after

its laws of symmetry and proportion. Music ward the most natural. If music has not been awakens the innermost feelings and develops one of these it will, if acquired later, be to his

emotional capability; it makes us more human, as a foreign tongue which he wil speak as if in

and to be fully human is the highest destiny imitation of one to whom it was natural. He

we need wish to attain while on this earth. It will will accomplish as a feat of memory what the

be found to refine and elevate the child nature other did as a growth. One will be an acquisi- and open it to an appreciation of the beautiful tion; the other a development. One will speak in surrounding nature and the lovable in one's his piece; the other his thoughts.

fellow men. As one's native tongue it will Music is a branch of culture which has comə

whisper the holiest sentiments without despoilto stay. It is an expression of feeling that can

ing their sanctity. not be lost without human life, as we live it,

HOMER MOORE. being diminished. The greatest minds of modern times have poured out the best they had for the world through its means.

It has passed To The press everywhere, we, the unforthe experimental stage; it has found for itself tunates who could not go to Denver, express a message, and it has delivered a portion of it. our hearty thanks; to the good women who No one can claim to be abreast of modern prog

called extra club meetings that they might tell ress who knows nothing of music as an art. of “good times ”—when we weren't “in 'em," Such a one is as far behind the times as he we give heart er thanks. And to the chosen would be if he believed the earth were flat and few who sit with us in parlor and office telling the moon a lantern hung up in the heavens to of personal impressions and giving us choice facilitate evening flirtations. Masic has come bits from favorite speakers, we make our bow to be the accompaniment to all kinds of daily again. For we think that from all these comfunctions. One can hardly be married or bined we have gained a good idea of that buried without it. It is equally suitable to great meeting, which was the talk of all the wodance by or to pray through. It is continually men before it happened, and which will be their tickling the ears of those whose minds are inspiration in time to come.

We thin's we aplocked up by ignorance from its higher in- preciate the hospitality of the Denver women, fluence.

and the perfection of detail through which it It has a literature, and it commands the pow- was manifested; the generous and respectful ers of great men: those who are forces in the cooperation of the Denver men-from mayor to progress of civilization. It is continually ad- motormen; the Denver weather and the Denver vancing. New nations are developing it as their scenery, all at its best in honor of the convenlanguage and are finding in it a common speech, tion, which one of the daily papers declared to understood by other nations. It is revealing be the most significant the city bad ever enterthe brotherhood of man as nothing else has ever tained. We know, too, how brilliant the women done, and, where its influence is allowed to ex- were, how orderly and expeditious in the contend, it brings men and nations nearer together duct of their business, how courteous, and how and thrills their hearts into a grand unison that wise when perplexities arose.

But as the days go on and perspective length- all, educational, constructive, and coordinatens, we hear less of the immediate impressions ing, and she is always succe-sful in following of the biennial meeting and more of its perma- those lines. The attitude of her mind toward nent meaning for the clubs. To an organization social questions must be large and positive. It that is forging ahead as the General Federation is the good, rather than the evil, which she of Women's Clubs is doing, the biennial gath- must emphasize, for Freedom is more large ering is not so much a milestone to mark prog- than crime, and error is more small than ress as a finger-post to point the way.

time.” A group of women were discussing the bi- The question before the world to-day is corennial as the beginning of an epoch the other

relation of forces. Each Biennial of the Genday, and one of them said: “I cannot see any

eral Federation has been marked by a distinct indication of a change of policy. The mission step in this movement: the first Biennial of of the Federation is distinctively educational.

1892, by organization; the second, of 1894, by The women's clubs exist for the strengthing of

the movement toward State Federations; the educational institutions.” “Yes," said another,

third, of 1896, by the coordination of educa“but they may go further than that. They

tional forces; and the fourth, of 1898, marks may also strengthen the better things in mu

what I foresee will be a distinct advance in the nicipal institutions. The clubs are reaching out

line of the Federation endeavor, the coorditoward civic power, or, rather, civic helpful- nating of the forces of social life-in other ness.”

words, the raising of the standard of the aver" And why shouldn't it be so," remarked

age life and the effort to bring into it all the another woman.

**The development of the things which go to make up well-being and women will eventually bring them in touch

harmony-in a word, to emphasize the unity

of life. with everything that stands for better things

Take education, for instance. The great edin public life. If you had been in Philadel

ucators are giving their entire time and phia, as I was, you would have wondered at the change in the women. They have been

strength toward the coordination of educa

tional forces. reading and thinking, and they know what they

Education in the past was

viewed as a thing by itself-the separate want. They have become masters of themselves, and now they are ready to cooperate in

But now the general interest in the anything that tends toward the betterment and subject and the growing feeling for unity of

life has brought about an entirely different elevation of home, city, and state, and the fact that they are unselfish and disinterested is proof point of view. The co-operation of parents that they are unselfish and disinterested is proof and teachers is beginning—the coordination of that such work will be sincerely done."

home and school; not alone what is taught the “ After all," said another of the group, " the

child, he is educated in the unity in social life. whole duty and opportunity of the clubs moves

And, with this new view of education, out from Mrs. Henrotin's ideal as a center.

women are realizing that it is not confined to She would put the power of the Woman's Club

the child, but is a continuous process in their in every community behind that which is fee

own development. It extends from the cradle ble intellectually or spiritually. She would

to the grave. Our earthly life is the duty of strengthen existing institutions rather than

development into symmetry. They are thus move along new lines, and she would have the

looking out on society with a large view and club that placid, but no less permeating, influ

coming out from their own narrow lives into ence that interprets and heals and makes healthy

the community life. The well-being of woman that part of the public life that is nearest at

must proceed upon the same lines of develophand."

ment in the future that it has in the past. The The Woman's Club Movement, to my mind, peaceful arts, the realm of home, and all that illustrates the true philosophy of woman's makes for peace, is her strength, and always place in society. The work of woman is, above will be her glory, and that phase of civiliza

sense.

tion which emphasizes the value of the great to be considered. These afternoons were careidea of unity is the one propitious to her fully planned, and the critical and biographical growth.– From the address of Mrs. Henrotin at essays and readings of the program, the comthe Fourth Biennial meeting of the G. F. W. C. mittee is careful to state, were given by club

Woman's clubs, like individuals, are prone members. The alternate meetings of each to have trouble with their constitutions. With month gave opportunity for lectures by spemany of them that document is so delicate as to cialists, but they were not all so occupied, as the require the constant attention of the constitu- calendar shows many discussions of practical tion committee to interpret it. In other cases topics by the club. Among the themes considamending is so chronic a condition as to give ered was “Beauty in the Home,” which was the impression that a constitution is to be treated under the heads: “ Home and its Surworked at, rather than worked by. Of course, roundings,” “ Textiles and Furniture," “ Casts some parliamentary practice is to be had in the and "

Pictures,” “Household Decorations," process. A dyspeptic is apt to acquire a knowl- "Dress and Deportment,” and “ Voice and edge of the effect of foods. But to be uncon

Manner." scious of one's stomach is better.

The West Newton Club is favored in having The constitution of the West Newton (Mass.] for its President elect Mrs. Electa N. L. Walwoman's club is a model of brevity and simplic- ton, who is also the chairman of the Commitity. Here is a club of four hundred members tee on Education of the Massachusetts Federawell known for its success in promoting the

tion and a member of a like committee of the educational interests of women and the com- General Federation. It is one of the older munity in general." Its constitution embraces clubs of the country, having been founded in seven short articles referring respectively to 1880. name, object, membership, oflicers, election of Among the suggestions sent out to the clubs same, meetings, and amendments. It is followed of Michigan by the committee of education of by four rules referring to guests, payment of the State federation, is one which has been dues, propositions for membership, and the use duplicated by other similar committees, namely, of admission tickets. All this is told in about that mothers and club women “visit the schools three hundred words. There is but one com- as friends, not as critics.” But the Michigan mittee mentioned, the executive, which is "in- committee goes further and asks that reports trusted with all the business and interests of of the conditions observed be classified as the club, in the interim of its meetings."

follows: There may be a signiticant connection between

( a. Ventilation. 1. The School Building..

6. Heating this simplicity of machinery and the good work

c. Sanitary Conditions. for which this club is famous. No emphasis is

d. Furnishings. laid on departments or study classes, but se

sa. Punctuality.

b. Order. quence is given to the work by the choice each

c. Neatness.

2. Manners and Morals.. year of a course of home reading, the program

d. Diligence.

e. Silence. of one club meeting in every month being

f. Necessity of Moral Trainplanned to conform to that course. For instance,

ing. the club read last year Mrs. Browning in No

Why.

When. vember, Dickens in December, Walter Pater in 3. Industrial Training..

Whers. January, John Keats in February, George

How. Eliot in March, and Ruskin in April. Lists of In also gives the following sensible advice: selections from the works of these authors were That classes graduating from the high school sent out in June that the reading for the entire be encouraged to place a statue or a picture year might be systematized and neighborhood in the institution as a memorial, and that such reading circles were suggested as a pleasant classes also be requested to discountenance exway of making preparation for the club after- travagant expenditure in dress, flowers, or ennoons when the authors and their works were tertainments connected with graduation.