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whom she instructs to kindle war, 323-340: Amata, stung by Allecto's art, first remonstrates with Latinus against the projected marriage, 341-372. She becomes wild at his rejection of her remonstrance, and conveys her daughter to the woods, pretending to celebrate the rites of Bacchus (see A. 4, 301). She is joined by the women of Latium, 372-405. Allecto betakes herself eastward to Ardea, the city of Turnus, king of the Rutuli, a Latian tribe, where she finds the prince asleep, 406-414. She presents herself in a vision as the aged priestess of Juno, and stirs him to oppose Aeneas, 415-434. Turnus treats the matter lightly, on which Allecto discloses herself, and he awakes, roused to frenzy, 435-466. He assembles his warriors, determined on war against Aeneas, and Latinus also, if the latter should refuse to join him, 467-474. Iulus happened to be hunting, and Allecto directs his hounds against the pet stag of the family of Tyrrheus, the herdsman of King Latinus, 475-495. Wounded by Iulus, it takes shelter in the house of Tyrrheus, 496-502. Tyrrheus calls to arms, Allecto sounds the signal-horn, and the peasants rush to the fray, while Iulus is supported by re-inforcements from the camp, 503-530. The first blood is shed, 531-539. Juno orders to her train the exulting Fury, who descends by the Lake Amasancti, in the country of the Hirpini, a Samnian tribe, 540-571. Juno conducts the continuance of the strife, which rages on, the shepherds bearing to the city the tidings of the fray, and Turnus, with others, joining with them in the demand for vengeance, 572-585. Latinus resists, but is overpowered, and leaves the management of the war to others, 586-600. On his refusal to open the temple of Janusthe signal of war-Juno herself does it, 601-622. The Ausonians prepare for war, of whose cities are named-perhaps to indicate the confines-Atina, on a branch of the Liris; Tibur, on the Anio; Ardea, Antemnae, at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber; and Crustumerium, on the Sabine side of the Tiber, 623-640. Another invocation to the Muses, 641-646. List of Italian kings and states engaged in the war. From Agylla, afterwards Caere, in Etruria, Mezentius, with his son Lausus, 647-654. Aventinus, from the Aventine hill, in Latium, 655-669. Catillus and Coras, Argives, from Tibur, 670-677. Caeculus, from Praeneste, south-east of Tibur, with the warriors of Gabii (see A. 6, 773), the inhabitants of the banks of the Anio and of the Amasenus-the former, a tributary of the Tiber; the latter, flowing into the Tuscan sea at Anxur—and Anagnia, in the country of the Hernici, 678-690. Messapus at the head of Tyrrhenian troops from Fescennium, Falerii, Mount Soracte, Capena-all near the west bank of the Tiber; Flavinium, whose site is unknown; and the mountain and lake of Ciminus, west of Falerii, 691-705. Clausus at the head of Sabine troops from Foruli and Amiternum, afterwards in the country of the Vestini, near the source of the Aternus; the Quirites (see A. 6, 811), the men of Eretum, and Nomentum, near the Allia; Mutusca, probably on Mount Lucretilis, east of Cures; the inhabitants of the country round Lake

Velinus, whose waters flow into the Nar; of Nursia, on Mount Tetricus, a branch of the Apennines, from which the Nar flows; and Severus, probably a peak of the same range; Casperia, on the river Himella, a branch of the Tiber; Fabaris, another branch; Horta, a town on the Tuscan side of the Tiber, near its confluence with the Nar; the Latin tribes in the neighbourhood, and those on the banks of the Allia, that unlucky tributary of the Tiber (infaustum nomen), where the Romans were defeated by the Gauls, 706-722. Halesus, the charioteer of Agamemnon, leads warriors from Campania ; the Aurunci, on the south side of the Liris, from the Massic hills, celebrated for their vines; Sidicium Cales, in the Falernian district; Saticula, on the river Vulturnus; and the Osci, a tribe settled further south, 723-732. Oebalus also led from Campania, the Sarrastes, from the banks of the Sarnus, which flows into the sea at Pompeii; the men of Rufrae and Abella, near the source of the Clanius; and from Samnium, the men of Batulum, and perhaps Celenna, whose site is not known, 733-743. Ufens led a body of the Aequiculae, or Aequi, a small but hardy tribe at the source of the Anio; from Nersae, whose situation is unknown, 744-749. The priest Umbro headed the Marsi, from Marrubium, on the north of Fucinus, a lake in the Apennines, the grove of Anguitia being on the south, 750-760. From Aricia (with its lake sacred to Diana, humentia litora, and see verse 516), north of Ardea, came Virbius, son of Hippolytus, afterwards Virbius, and the Nymph Aricia, 761-782. Turnus himself headed the Rutulians, with the Aurunci from the north side of the Liris; the Sicani, the (Aborigines) early inhabitants of Italy; the Sacrani, who probably at one time lived near the Lake Fucinus; the inhabitants of Labecum, a town west of Praeneste, and of the banks of the Tiber and Numicius; and the town of Circaei; and Anxur, where Jupiter was worshipped under the name of Anxurus, and was said to be married to Feronia, who had a grove and temple near; of the marshy country of Satura, which probably formed a part of the Pontine marshes, overflowed by the Ufens and Amasenus, 783-802. The Volscians were led by the female warrior Camilla, 803-817. In this Book, Virgil has collected the traditions of the early settlements of Italy, without regard to chronological exactness, but with that remarkable knowledge of the history of his country, and attention to correct delineation, for which he is deservedly celebrated.

Tu quoque litoribus nostris, Aeneïa nutrix,
Aeternam moriens famam, Caieta, dedisti;
Et nunc servat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen
Hesperia in magna, si qua est ea gloria, signat.
At pius exsequiis Aeneas rite solutis,

4. Hesperia. See A. 1, 530.-5. Pius. See A. 1, 378.

5

Aggere composito tumuli, postquam alta quierunt
Aequora, tendit iter velis, portumque relinquit.
Aspirant aurae in noctem, nec candida cursus
Luna negat; splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus.
Proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae;
Dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos
Assiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis
Urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum,
Arguto tenues percurrens pectine telas.
Hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum,

Vincla recusantum, et sera sub nocte rudentum ;
Setigerique sues, atque in praesepibus ursi
Saevire, ac formae magnorum ululare luporum,
Quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis
Induerat Circe in vultus ac terga ferarum.
Quae ne monstra pii paterentur talia Troës,
Delati in portus, neu litora dira subirent;
Neptunus ventis implevit vela secundis,

Atque fugam dedit, et praeter vada fervida vexit.

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Jamque rubescebat radiis mare, et aethere ab alto 25
Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis:

Quum venti posuere, omnisque repente resedit
Flatus, et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae.
Atque hic Aeneas ingentem ex aequore lucum
Prospicit. Hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno,
Verticibus rapidis, et multa flavus arena,

In mare prorumpit. Variae circumque supraque
Assuetae ripis volucres, et fluminis alveo,
Aethera mulcebant cantu, lucoque volabant.
Flectere iter sociis, terraeque advertere proras,
Imperat, et laetus fluvio succedit opaco.

Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora rerum,
Quis Latio antiquo fuerit status, advena classem
Quum primum Ausoniis exercitus appulit oris,
Expediam, et primae revocabo exordia pugnae.

30

30

35

40

such

11. Solis filia, Circe.-12. Resonat, transitive, as in Ecl. 1, 5.15. Exaudiri, historic infinitive. 21. Quae talia monstra, portentous changes as these.'

27. Posuere, &c. See A. 1, 234.-33. Alveo; pronounce as a dissyllable -alv-yō.

37. Erato, the Muse of love-poetry, here representing the Muse generally. Or, in the peculiar sense of the word, the allusion may be

Tu vatem, tu, diva, mone. Dicam horrida bella;
Dicam acies, actosque animis in funera reges,
Tyrrhenamque manum, totamque sub arma coactam
Hesperiam. Major rerum mihi nascitur ordo;
Rex arva Latinus et urbes

Majus opus moveo.

Jam senior longa placidas in pace regebat.
Hunc Fauno et nympha genitum Laurente Marica
Accipimus. Fauno Picus pater; isque parentem
Te, Saturne, refert; tu sanguinis ultimus auctor.
Filius huic, fato divûm, prolesque virilis

Nulla fuit, primaque oriens erepta juventa est.
Sola domum, et tantas servabat filia sedes;
Jam matura viro, jam plenis nubilis annis.
Multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant
Ausonia; petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnes,
Turnus, avis atavisque potens, quem regia conjux
Adjungi generum miro properabat amore;
Sed variis portenta deûm terroribus obstant.

45

50

55

Laurus erat tecti medio, in penetralibus altis,
Sacra comam, multosque metu servata per annos:
Quam pater inventam, primas quum conderet arces,
Ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus ;
Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis.
Hujus apes summum densae-mirabile dictu!-
Stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera vectae,
Obsedere apicem; et pedibus per mutua nexis,
Examen subitum ramo frondente pependit.
Continuo vates: 'Externum cernimus,' inquit,
'Adventare virum, et partes petere agmen easdem
Partibus ex îsdem, et summa dominarier arce.'
Praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis,
Ut juxta genitorem adstat Lavinia virgo,

60

65

70

to the war that love for Lavinia kindled.-43. Tyrrhenam, &c. See A. 6, 697.-47. Fauno, an Italian god, who protected shepherds, and pronounced oracles (see verse 81), afterwards identified with the Greek Pan. See Ecl. 5, 59.-56. Turnus, the son of Daunus (4.10, 116) and Venilia (A. 10, 76), king of the Rutuli, a tribe of Latium, descended through Danaë, daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos, from the Argives. See verse 373. Conjux, Amata, the wife of Latinus.

64, &c. See G. 4, 558.-69. As the bees came through the air across the sea (trans aethera), so a foreigner was to come across the seas, and settle in the citadel, here betokened by the top of the laurel.70. Dominarier for dominari. See A. 4, 493.

75

80

85

Visa-nefas!-longis comprendere crinibus ignem,
Atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari,
Regalesque accensa comas, accensa coronam,
Insignem gemmis; tum fumida lumine fulvo
Involvi, ac totis Vulcanum spargere tectis.
Id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile ferri:
Namque fore illustrem fama fatisque canebant
Ipsam; sed populo magnum portendere bellum.
At rex, sollicitus monstris, oracula Fauni,
Fatidici genitoris, adit, lucosque sub alta
Consulit Albunea: nemorum quae maxima sacro
Fonte sonat, saevamque exhalat opaca mephitim.
Hinc Italae gentes, omnisque Oenotria tellus
In dubiis responsa petunt; huc dona sacerdos
Quum tulit, et caesarum ovium sub nocte silenti
Pellibus incubuit stratis, somnosque petivit ;
Multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris,
Et varias audit voces, fruiturque deorum
Colloquio, atque imis Acheronta affatur Avernis.
Hic et tum pater ipse petens responsa Latinus,
Centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentes;
Atque harum effultus tergo stratisque jacebat
Velleribus. Subita ex alto vox reddita luco est: 95
'Ne pete connubiis natam sociare Latinis,
O mea progenies; thalamis neu crede paratis.
Externi veniunt generi, qui sanguine nostrum
Nomen in astra ferant, quorumque ab stirpe nepotes
Omnia sub pedibus, qua Sol utrumque recurrens
Aspicit Oceanum, vertique regique videbunt.'
Haec responsa patris Fauni, monitusque silenti
Nocte datos, non ipse suo premit ore Latinus;
Sed circum late volitans jam Fama per urbes

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90

35

100

73. Nefas, contrary to the laws of nature, and of evil omen.-75. Comas, the accusative of limitation. See A. 4, 558.-77. Vulcanum. See A. 2, 311.-79. Canebant, praedicebant vates.

82. Fatidici. See verse 47.-85. Oenotria. See A. 1, 532.-88. See a Highland usage somewhat similar, described in Scott's Lady of the Lake, canto 4, note 2, T.-91. Acheronta, for umbras Acherontis. See 4. 6, 295. Avernis. See A. 5, 732.-93. Mactabat, &c. See A. 4, 57. -94. Tergo, tergoribus.-96. Connubiis; three syllables-con-nub-yis.97. Thalamis paratis, the marriage with Turnus.-98. Qui, tales ut ferant.

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