large his hereditary dominions by the reduction of thofe countries in Centifuya, lying eastward from Cuzco. To facilitate his defign, he ordered another bridge to be laid over the river Apurimac, upon the model of that made by his father, but more difficult in the execution, because the stream was broader. However, this bridge, though incomparably more magnificent, was never held in the fame eftimation with the former; for this reafon chiefly, that it wanted the novelty. Early in the feafon the inca paffed this river at the head of 20,000 men, directing his march through the pleafant territory of Yanatucaca, which contained upwards of thirty different nations, all of whom came out to meet Capac Yupanqui, men and women, old and young, finging, dancing, and every other demonftrations of rejoicing. The principal people among them were called Piti, whofe chiefs were fo delighted with the favour fhewn them by the inca, and certain prefents they had given them, that they ecchoed his fame over all the neighbouring countries, and eafily prevailed on the inhabitants to follow their example, and fubmit to the government of the divine offspring of the Sun. From this province he pafled into Amayra, where no less than eighty nations were affembled to oppofe his defign of eftablishing the dominion of the incas. They had fortified themselves in a kind of turf enclosure, in which they were blocked up fo closely for a month by the royal army, that they furrendered at difcretion, and received the inca for their fovereign. Some authors alledge, they ftipulated with the inca as a condition of their obedience, his promifing, on the word and faith of his divine origin, that he would conquer and fubdue the neighbouring province of Uncafuyu, inhabited by a warlike people that lived by rapine and robbery, their implacable enemies.

CAPAC UPANQUI, agreeable to the promise made to the conquered nations of Amayra, fummoned the lords of Uncafuyu to appear before him; for that, being appointed fovereign over all thofe countries by his great ancestor the Sun, he claimed it as his prerogative to judge and decide all differences among nations, bring them to the knowledge of the true god, and establish fuch modes of religious worship and government as he thought would prove moft conducive to their happiness. To this meffage a haughty answer was returned; the barbarians affembled to deliberate upon the neceffary measures, and unanimoufly agreed to acquaint the inca, that it was not their practice to pay the fubmiffions he required, nor to receive laws from a prince of whom they knew nothing; that if he had bufinefs with them, he fhould find them in their own territories ready to receive him with arms in MOD. HIST, VOL, XXXIX, D their

their hands. As to his boafting that he was defcended from the Sun, it was a matter of no confequence at all to them, who did not hold the Sun in any particular reverence, having gods of their own, whofe protection and goodness they had too often experienced to exchange them for any other. This they declared to be their final anfwer; and, if it proved difpleafing, they defired the inca would refent it in the open field, like a brave and courageous foldier. When this anfwer was brought back, the inca held a council of his officers, in which the refolution was taken to furprife the enemy, and march into the heart of their country before they could have time to affemble, by which means they might be terrified into fubmiffion without bloodshed. Every thing fucceeded to expectation; a datachment was made of eight thousand men,. who marched with fuch celerity as entirely difconcerted the barbarians, aftonished at finding an army in the midst of their country, when they doubted not but a month would elapfe before the enemy could appear on the frontier. Incapable of refifting, they began to repent of the haughty anfwer made to. the inca, and, after fome formal deliberation, refolved to yield the fame obedience as the neighbouring nations, and obtain. an equal degree of royal clemency and favour, by the most inviolable fidelity and attachment. The Curacas proftrated themselves before the inca, expecting with dread the effects. of his refentment; but he received them fo graciously, that they foon laid afide their fears, and beheld him as their guardian. angel. He told them, that, when he confidered their barbarity and ignorance, he was not furprifed at their refufal of a regular scheme of morals, religion, and politics; being well affured, that when they had once experienced the fweets of thofe arts which conduce to human happiness, they would blefs the hour in which they were perfuaded to embrace the Peruvian laws, manners, and form of focial inftitution. To put an end to all difputes between them and their neighbours about the boundaries of their feveral jurifdictions, the inca ordered the frontier to be marked out by large ftones, which he erected at certain diftances; and fo impartially did he pass judgment, that all parties refted perfectly fatisfied with his decifion. The Curacas, with profound humility, kiffed his hands, and requefted him to fettle the government at his pleafure; and when he gave notice of his defign to take up his refidence for fome weeks at Chirirqui, the nobility carried him in a chair of gold upon their fhoulders in token of theic fervitude.

THIS was one of the most advantageous conquefts hitherto made by the incas, as the country was not only rich in paf

ture

ture and cattle, but in mines of the precious metal; yet, inftead of fatiating his ambition, it ferved only to ftimulate him to farther enterprizes. Some little time being employed in the adminiftration of government, he judged it impolitic to fuffer his foldiers to relax in military difcipline by too long repofe, and therefore ordered preparations to be made for another expedition early in the feafon of the enfuing year. The inca did not lead this enterprize, intended against the Quecheas, in perfon; but appointed his brother captain-general, and four princes of the blood, well experienced in the art of war, to affift his councils. An army of 25,000 men immediately took the field, entered the province of Catapompa, and ftruck fuch terror, that the inhabitants refolved, with one voice, to receive the inca for their fovereign. Affembling in great numbers, they prefented themfelves before the general, and one of the orators addreffed him to the following purpose: "General, we heartily welcome thee, because thou art to give us a new being, and the honour of being fervants to that great prince who derives his pedigree from the Sun. We adore thee as his brother and the commander of his armies, giving thee to understand, that your arrival only hath prevented us from throwing ourselves at the feet of our fovereign lord at Cuzco, to befeech him to receive us under his mighty protection. The fame of the marvellous actions he hath performed in peace and war, hath affected us with fuch wonder and love towards him, that every day appears an age to us, until we enjoy the priviledge of becoming his fubjects. Hereby we promise ourselves the happinefs of being delivered from the tyranny and cruelty of our neighbours of Chanca and Hancohualla, who have grievously opprefled us fince the days of our forefathers; fo if you will receive us under the fhadow of the inca's authority, our happiness will be complete, and our everlasting prayers fhall attend all your defires, that they may be accomplished by thy great parent the Sun, whom henceforward we worship with the moft profound devotion." To enforce their requeft, they made a valuable prefent in gold, to be offered to their fovereign the inca, as the voluntary tribute of dutiful fubjects; were received into favour, and afterwards governed by laws fimilar to those established in the other provinces.

THE affairs of this country being properly fettled, the general, Aqui Titu, led his army across the vaft deferts of Huallaripa, famed for the great quantity of gold it produces; and having made the neceffary obfervations, proceeded on his march along the plains bordering on the ocean to the fertile. valley of Hacari, reducing all the inhabitants, without fight

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ing a fingle ftroke, to the obedience of the inca. He found the natives immerfed in barbarity, and greatly addicted to the most libidinous gratification of unnatural luft; an abominable practice, which he abolifhed by the moft rigorous laws. and exemplary punishments. It was ordained, that whoever fhould be convicted of fodomy fhould be burnt alive, with all his effects, and thofe who were even suspected of the crime, were fubjected to very fevere ufage, whipped with thongs, and fometimes put to death, if the fufpicion appeared well founded, although not proved.

THE general having thus executed his commiffion, returned triumphant to Cuzco, and was received by the inca with the favour which his eminent fervices deferved. He was now appointed regent of the empire, the inca having refolved to make another expedition in perfon, and his four generals were given him as counfellors. All things being now in readinefs, Capac Yupanqui departed from Cuzco, and marched as far as the lake Puria, which was the utmost boundary of his father's conquefts. His army confifted of twenty thousand chofen troops, befides recruits picked up in his march, which greatly augmented the number. So formidable a power could not fail to infpire respect; and accordingly all the nations around, for the space of twenty leagues, fent their deputies to do homage to the inca, and acknowledge his fovereignty. Among others came meffengers from twopowerful lords of Collafuya, who had waged perpetual war against each other for many years. They contended for power and authority with the most implacable refentment; but the country being reduced to the moft wretched condition by their animofity, it was mutually refolved to fubmit their differences to the inca, each of the parties befeeching to be admitted to his prefence, and the honour of giving a minute relation of the injuries fuftained from his adverfary. Both protefted, with the utmoft folemnity, that they would ftrictly adhere to his determination, which they knew to be infallible, because he was the genuine offspring of that fountain of light, which pierces with fo keen a ray into the darkeft fecrets of the human breaft. Their requeft was admitted, and the curacas defired. to attend the inca whenever it fuited their convenience. They came accordingly at the fame time, both throwing themselves upon their knees, and at once kiffing his hands, that neither might feem to have the preference. Cari, whofe territories bordered the nearest upon the inca's, had the fortune to speak firft; he gave a tedious account of the differences that fubfifted, and the fource from whence they arofe, confeffing honeftly, that the quarrel was

inflamed by envy, emulation, and ambition: however, as there was fome real caufe for difpute about certain lands, he humbly hoped the inca would interpofe, and by his juft arbitration cut off all future occafion for wars, which had defolated the country, and reduced the people to wretchednefs. When he had finished his difcourfe, the other curaca entered upon his addrefs to the inca, and ingenuously acknowledged the truth of all that had been recited by his adverfary; fubmitting with him the decifion of their quarrel to the pleasure of his Peruvian majefty, who was highly delighted with these proofs of fimplicity and franknefs. The affair was fubmitted to his council, the lands in queftion were equally divided, the parties fworn to pay implicit obedience to this decifion, and for ever to lay afide their animofities, and become faithful affectionate fubjects to the inca. This laft article was inferted in the treaty in confequence of a conference between the two chiefs; who agreed, that the Peruvian government was preferable to their own; and that acknowledging a fovereign fuperior to both, would be the most effectual method of restraining them within the boundaries affigned by their oath, fuppreffing any future caufe of animofity, and cementing them in the strongest and most durable friendship.

THE affairs of these two chiefs being adjufted in this manner, the inca commanded two of his principal officers to make a furvey of the country, and to appoint fuch magiftrates as they believed beft qualified to govern his new fubjects with moderation and equity, to inftruct them in the laws and reli-` gion of Peru, teach them the mechanical arts, and promote a fpirit of industry and loyalty, that might conduce equally to the glory of the monarch and happiness of the people; after which he returned to Cuzco, and made his triumphal entry with unusual splendour and magnificence, juftly efteeming that a more glorious acquifition to his people which was made by the reputation of his juftice and humanity, than by the force and terror of his arms.

CAPAC YUPANQUI had not refided long at his capital when he perceived that his conquefts were not yet complete, fomething, he imagined, being ftill wanting to the glory of his name, and the grandeur, convenience, and fecurity of his empire. Experience had demonftrated the conveniency of the bridges thrown over the Apurimac, and now determined him to render a paffage lefs difficult to the country of Cotlafuya, where he propofed to complete the conquefts begun on his acceffion, by laying another bridge over the river near the place where the lake Titicaca difcharges itfelf. Directions were iffued accordingly, and a bridge more beautiful than any