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SMI

SMI

85 SE. of Richmond, and 364 SW. of Philadel-
phia.

(5.) SMITHFIELD, LOWER, two townships of
(6.) SMITHFIELD, UPPER, Pennsylvania, in
Northampton county.

SMITHIA, in botany, a genus of the decandria order, belonging to the diadelphia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 32d order, Papilionacea. The calyx is monophyllous and bilabiated; the corolla winged; the legumen inclofed in the calyx, with three or four joints, and containing as many feeds, which are smooth, comprefied, and kidney-fhaped. There is only one species, viz.

SMITHIA THONINA.

*SMITHING. n. f. [from smith.] Smithing is an art manual, by which an irregular lump, or feveral lumps of iron are wrought into an intended thape. Moxon.

( 77 ) to.) SMITH, William, D. D. fon of the rev. Richard Smith, minifter of St Andrews, Worceft, a learned Enghth divine, born in Worcester, May 10, 1711, where he was educated. He was matriculated at New College, Oxford, in 1728, where he became A. B. in 1732, and A. M. in 17. After this he was patronifed by James, E. of Derby, with whom he spent some years, and who, in 1735, appointed him rector of Trinity Church, Cheshire. He published a tranflation of Longinus on the Sublime, with notes and a Life of the Author; by which he acquired great reputation. On June 8, 1753, he was appointed a miter of St George's Church, Liverpool. This year, he published a tranfiation of Thucydides's Hairy of the Peloponnefian War; 2 vols. 4to. dedicated to the Prince of Wales. On the 28th Ju, 1758, K. George II. appointed him dean of Cater; and on the 30th Aprit, 1766, he was eled rector of Handiey. In 1782, he published He died 12th Nine Difcourfes on the Beatitudes. Jar. 1787. (11-13.) SMITH, William, George, and John, of Chichetter, 3 eminent English painters, brethren. William was born in 1707; painted portrats and landscapes well, and especially fruits and flowers. He died in 1764, aged 57. George was born in 1714, proved the mott eminent of the 3, and excelled in landscape painting. He died in 1776, aged 62. John was born in 1717, and was thought by fome fuperior to George in landfcape painting. He died in 1754, aged 47. (14) SMITH, Magdalen. See SMITZ. (15.) * SMITH. n. f. [fmith, Saxon; fmeth, German: mid, Dutch; from fmitan, Saxon, to beat 1. One who forges with his hammer; one who works in metals.-I am afraid his mother played faife with a fmith. Shak.

fword.

Nor yet the Smith had learn'd to form a Tate. The ordinary qualities obfervable in iron, or a diamond, that make their true complex idea, a faith or a jewelier commonly knows better than a philofopher. Locke. 2. He that makes or effects any thing.

The doves repented, though too late, Dryden. The Smiths of their own foo:ith fate. SMITHCRAFT. n. f. [/mithcraft, Saxon.] The art of a finith.-Inventors of paftorage, Smithcraft, and mufick. Raleigh.

(1.) SMITHERY. . f. [from fmith.] fhop of a fmith.

The

(2.) SMITHERY fignifies alfo the art of a smith, by which iron is wrought into any fhape by means of fire, hammering, filing, &c.

(1.) SMITHFIELD, a town of N. Carolina, capital of Johnfon county, on a beautiful piain on the E. bank of the Neus; 100 miles NW. of Newbern, and 466 from Philadelphia.

(2.) SMITHFIELD, a township of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia county.

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(3.) SMITHFIELD, a township of Rhode Island, in Providence county, bounded by Cumberland on the NE. and the ftate of Maflachusetts, on the N.

(4) SMITHFIELD, a poft town of Virginia, in Wight county, on Pagan Creek, which runs into James River, 63 miles E. by S. of Petersburg,

SMITHSBOROUGH, a town of Ireland, in the county of Monaghan, and province of Ulfter.

SMITH'S CAPE, a cape on the E. coaft of Hudfon's Bay. Lon. 80. 55. W. Lat. 60. 48. N. (1.) SMITH'S ISLAND, an ifland in Exchange Bay, at the E. end of Antigua.

(2.) SMITH'S ISLAND, an island on the coaft of N. Carolina.

(3.) SMITH'S ISLAND, an island in the S. Pacific Ocean, difcovered by Lieut. Bail. Lon. 161. 54. E. Lat. 9. 44. S.

(4.) SMITH'S ISLAND, an ifland on the coaft of Virginia, the Southernmost of the range, that lies along the coaft of Northampton and Accomack counties.

SMITH'S ISLES, a range of Iflands on the coaft of Accomack and Northampton counties, in Virginia, fo named from Captain John Smith, who, in 1608, landed on the peninfula, and was kindly received by Accomack, the native prince of the peninfula, part of which still bears his name.

SMITH'S POINT, a cape of the United States, on the S. bank of the Patowmac, and W. fide of Chesapeak Bay, oppofite Point Lookout. Lat. 3754. N.

(1.) SMITH'S SOUND, a bay on the E. coaft of Newfoundland, bounded on the N. by Cape Bonaventure.

(2.) SMITH'S SOUND. See SCILLY, § I. 3. SMITHTOWN, a poft town of New York, in Lon. 52 miles SE. of New York, and 147 from Philadephia.

SMITHVILLE, a town of N. Carolina, capital of Brunswick county, at the mouth of Cape Fear River, 30 miles S. of Wilmington.

* SMITHY. n. f. fmiththe, Saxon.] The shop of a smith.

His blazing locks fent forth a crackling found, And hifs'd, like red hot iron, within the fmithy Dryden. drown'd.

SMITING LINE, in fhip, is a fmall rope faftened to the mizen-yard-arm, below at the deck, and is always furled up with the mizen-fail, even to the upper end of the yard, and thence it comes down to the poop. Its ufe is to loofe the mizenfail without ftriking down the yard, which is eafly done, because the mizen-fail is furled up only with rope-yarns; and therefore when this rope is

pulled

SMO

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pulled hard, it breaks all the rope-yarns, and fo the fail falls down of itfelf. The failor's phrafe is, finite the mizen, (whence this rope takes its name), that is, hale by this rope that the fail may fall down.

SMITS, Lodowick, a Dutch painter, born at Dort in 1635. He painted historical fubjects and fruit pieces, for which he got high prices; yet from fome defect in his colouring, their beauty foon decayed. He died in 1675, aged 40.

* SMITT. n. s. The finett of the clayey ore, made up into balls, they use for marking of theep, and call it mitt. Woodward.

*SMITTEN. The participle paffive of finite. Struck; killed; affected with paffion.-If the one be mitten against the other, it fhall be broken. Ecclu-Stricken, fmitten of God and afflicted. fa hii. 4.-He was himfelf no lefs fmitten with Conflantia. Addison.

SMITTL, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Cara

mania; 18 miles ENE.

SMITZ, Gafpar, who, from painting a great number of Magdalens, was called Magdalen Smith, was a Dutch painter, who came to England foon after the Reftoration. For thefe portraits fat a woman whom he kept, and cailed his wife. A lady, whom he had taught to draw, took him with her to Ireland, where he painted small portraits in oil, had great businefs, and high prices. His flowers and fruit were fo much admired, that one bunch of grapes foid there for 40). In his Magdalens he generally introduced a thiftle on the fore ground. He had feveral fcholars, particularly Maubert, and one Gawdy of Exeter. Yet, notwithstanding his fuccefs, he died poor in Ireland in 1707.

* SMOCK. n. f. [smoc, Saxon.]
der-garment of a woman; a fhift.-Her body co-
1. The un-
wered with a light taffeta garment, fo cut, as the
wrought mock came through it in many places.
Sidney-

How do'st thou look now? oh ill-ftarred
wench!

Pale as thy mork!
-Their apparel was linen breeches, and over that
Shak.
a fmock cofe girt unto them with a towel. San-
dys.-

'Twere well, if she would pair her nails,
And wear a cleaner Smock.
a. Smock 13 ufed in a ludicrous kind of compofi-
Swift.
tion for any thing relating to women.-

At Smock-treason, matron, I believe you.
Plague on his mock-loyalty!
Ben Jonfon.
SMOCKFACED. adj. [fmock and face.] Paie-
Dryden.
faced; maidenly.-

rear.

Leave young Smockfac'd beaux to guard the Fenton. (1.) * SMOKE. 2. S. [ys mwg, Welsh; fmec, fmoec, Saxon; fmoock, Dutch.] The vifible effluvium, or footy exhalation from any thing burning. -She might utter out fome fmoke. Sidney.

Why should the Smoke pursue the fair?
-He knew tears caufed by smoke, but not by
Cleaveland.
flame. Cowley.-
Milton.

All involv'd with french and smoke.

SMO

As fmoke that rifes from the kindling fires,
Is feen this moment, and the next expires.

Prior.

Smoke paffing through flame cannot but grow
than flame. Neaton.
red hot, and red hot smoke can appear no other

from burning b-lies.
(2.) SMOKE is a denfe elaftic vapour, arifing
ly difagreeable to the fenfes, and often prejudicial
As this vapour is extreme-
contrivances to enjoy the benefit of fire without
to the health, mankind have fallen upon feveral
being annoyed by fnoke. The most universal of
chamber in which the fire is kindled, to the top
thefe contrivances is a tube leading from the
of the building, through which the fmoke afcends,
and is difperfed into the atmosphere. These tubes
are called chimneys; which, when conftructed in
a proper manner, carry off the fmcke entirely;
the smoke imperfectly, to the great annoyance of
but, when improperly constructed, they carry off

the inhabitants.

imagine, that the caufes which occasion smoke in Although we would naturally rooms are exceedingly various, yet, upon examination, it will be found, that they may ail be reduced to one of these three general heads, each of which will admit of feveral varieties. 1. To a fault in the form of the tube or chimney itfelt. ing, and a wrong pofition of the chimney with re2. To fome fault in the other parts of the buildspect to these. Or, 3. To an improper fituation of the house with refpe& to external objects. It is of the utmost consequence, in attempting a cure, accurately to diftinguith from which of thefe defects the fmoke proceeds, otherwife the means ufed will be very uncertain. The celebrated Dr Franklin's Treatise on smoky chimneys is weil writings on the subject have been, they are now known; (See FIRE PLACE, 2.) but able as his provements in conftructing fire places fuggefted in a great measure superseded by the late imwhofe funnels go up in the north wall of a house, by count Rumford. See SMOKING. Chimneys and are expofed to the north winds, are not so caufe, when rendered cold by thofe winds, they apt to draw well as those in a fouth wall; bedraw downwards. Chimneys inclosed in the body of a house are better than those whose funnels are exposed in cold walls. Chimneys in stacks caufe the funnels that have conftant fires in them are apt to draw better than separate funnels, bewarm the others in fome degree that have none.

(1.) To SMOKE. v. a. [from the noun.] 1. To fcent by fmoke; to medicate by smoke, or flannel, Smoaked with penetrating aromatical fubdry in smoke.-Frictions of the back-bone with smell out; to find out.-He was first smok'd by tances, have proved effectual. Arbuthnot. 2. To the old lord. Shak.-Wili Trippet begins to be smoked, in cafe I continue this paper. Spe&ator. 3. To fneer; to ridicule to the face.

Smoke the fellow there.

Congreve.

(2.) To SMOKE. v. n. 1. To emit a dark exhalation by heat.-A Smoking furnace and a xv. 17.burning lamp paffed between thofe pieces. Gen.

His brandish'd fteel,

Which Smoak'd with bloody execution. Shak.
To

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To him no temple ftood nor altar smok’d. Altars for Pallas to Athena fmok'd. Granv. 1 To burn; to be kindled. A fcriptural term.The anger of the Lord shall smoak against that a. Deut. 3. To move with luch fwittnefs as to kinde; to move very faft fo as to raise duft like

hake.

Proud of his steeds he smokes along the field.
Dryden.

Beneath the bending yoke alike they held
Their equal pace, and Smoak'd along the field.

To fmeil, or hunt out.

Pope.

He hither came t'obferve and Smoke What courfes other riskers took. Hudibras -I began to smoke that they were a parcel of rummers. Addi on. 5. To ufe tobacco. 6. To fer; to be punuhed.Some of you thail fmoke for it in Rome. Shak. (3) To SMOKE DRY. v. a. Smoke and dry. To dry by fmoke.-Smoke-dry the fruit, but not if

piant them. Mortimer.

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The air which contributes to the burning of the Milton. fuel, and paffes through the midst of it, is greatly heated, and expanding prodigiously in bulk, becomes lighter than the neighbouring air, and is therefore puited by it up the chimney. In like manner, all the air which comes near the fire is heated, expanded, becomes lighter, and is driven up the chimney.. This is called the draught or fuction, but might with greater propriety be term→ ed the drift of the chimney. As the chimney gradually contracts in its dimenfions, and as the fame quantity of heated air paffes through every fection of it, it is plain that the rapidity of its af cent must be greatest in the narroweft place. There the fly G should be placed, because it will there be expofed to the strongest current. This air, ftriking the fly vanes obliquely, pufies them afide, and thus turns them round with a confiderable force. If the joint of meat is exactly ba lanced on the fpit, it is plain that the only refiftance to the motion of the fly is what arifes from the friction of the pivots of the upright foindle, the friction of the pinion and wheel, the friction of the pivots of the horizontal axis, the friction of the fmall end of the spit, and the friction of the chain in the two pulleys. The whole of this is but a mere trifle. But there is frequently a confiderable inequality in the weight of the meat on different fides of the fpit: there must therefore be a fufficient overpius of force in the impuife of the afcending air on the vanes of the Яy, to overcome this want of equilibrium occafioned by the unfkfulness or negligence of the cook. There is, however, commonly enough of power when the machine is properly conftructed. As the velocity of the current changes by every change of the fire, the motion of this jack must be very unfteady. To render it adjuitable to the purpofe of the cook, the pulley E has feveral grooves of dif ferent diameters, and the fpit tuins more or its flowly, by the fame motion of the fly, according as it hangs in the chain by a larger or finaller pulley or groove. Such is the conftruction of the fmoke-jack in its moft fimple form. Some are more artificial and complicated, having, in place of the pulleys and connecting chain, a fpindle comig down from the horizontal axis BC. On the upper end of this fpindle is a horizontal contrate wheel, driven by a pinion in place of the pulley C. On the lower end is a pinion, driving a contrate wheel in place of the pulley E. This, conftruction is reprefented in Fig. 2. conftructed more fimply, in the manner repre fented in Fig. 3. But the first conftruction has great advantage in point of fimplicity, and allows a more eafy adjustment of the spit, which may be brought nearer to the fire, or removed farther from it without any trouble; whereas, in the others, with a tram of wheels and pinions, this cannot be done without feveral changes of pins and ferews. The only imperfection of the pull-v is, that by long use the grooves become flippery,

SMOKE FARTHINGS, #f. The pentecoftals or retomary oblations offered by the dispersed in habitants within a diocefe when they made their proction to the mother or cathedral church, Cam- by degrees into a franding annual rent callcimoke-farthings. SMOKE-JACK, . This ingenious machine is of German extraction; and Meffinger, in his Collection of Mechanical Performances, fays it is very anClent, being reprefented in a painting at Nurenberg, which is known to be older than 1350. Its conftruction is fimple. An upright iron fpindle GA (Fig. 1. Pl. CCCXVI.) placed in the narrow part of the kitchen chimney, turns round on two vots Hand I. The upper one H paffes through an iron bar, which is built in across the chimney; and the lower pivot I is of tempered fteel, and is conical or pointed, refting in a conica, bell-metal focket fixed on another crofs bar. On the upper end of the spindle is a circular fly G, confifting of 4, 6, 8, or more thin iron plates, fet obliquely on the fpindle like the fails of a windmill. Near the lower end of the spindle is a pinion A, which works in the teeth of a contrate or face wheel B, turing on a horizontal axis BC. One pivot of taxis turns in a cock fixed on the crois bar, which fupports the lower end of the upright fpincle Hl, and the other pivot turns in a cock fixed on the fide wall of the chimney; fo that this axle parallel to the front of the chimney. On the mote end of this horizontal axle, there is a fmall palley C, having a deep angular groove. Over this pulley there paffes a chain CDE. in the lower ht of which hangs the large pulley E of the This end of the fpit turns loofely between the branches of the fork of the rack or raxe F, last without refting on it. This is on the top of or farther from the fire. The other end turns in moveable ftand, which can be fhifted nearer to, one of the notches of another rack. The number and an ill balanced joint is apt to hold back the teeth in the pinion A and wheel B, and the di- fpit, while the chain flides in the grooves. This

Others are

ameters of the pulleys C and E, are fo propor- may be completely prevented by making the towed that the fly G makes from 12 to 20 turns grooves flat instead of angular, (which greatly di

of this ufuful machine, is easily underfood. fhort Buds or pins which take into every thnd or turn of the pit. The manner of opera-minthes the friction), and furnithing them with

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