EAR TRUMPET, 507.
EDINBURGH, furgeons of, their
former and prefent state, 19.
EGYPT, ancient ftate of furgery

in, 7.

ELBOW, luxations of the, 747-
EMBALMING of deadbodies, 850
852.
EMBROCATION for gangrene,

123.

EMPYEMA, 525-528.
ENCYSTED aneurism, 315.
ERYTHEMATIC inflammation,

90.

ESCHAROTICs for ulcers, 130.
LUROPE, late low ftate of fur-
gery in, 19-21.
EURYPYLUS, 5.
EXCRESCENCES on the eye, 417:
on the gums, 489: of the an-
nus, 714-716.
EXFOLIATION of carious bones,
137, 138.
EXOMPHALOS, 585, 586.
EXOSTOSIS, 227, 229.
EYE, fpecks, films, &c. on the,
419: abfceffes in the globe of
the, 422-423; dropfical fwel-
lings of the, 424-427.
EYE BALL, Wounds of the, 404,
405 protufion of the, 428,
429 extirpation of the, 431.
EYE-LIDS, wounds of the, 402,
403 difeafes of the, 406-

412.

F.

FACE, fractures of the bones of

the, 763-765.
FEMORAL hernia, 537, 584.
FICT, 714.
FINGERS, luxations of the, 748:
fractures, 776: amputation of
the, 819, 820.
FISSURES of the fkull, 398-

401.

FISTULA, 135.
FISTULA, lachrymalis, 442:
fymptoms and treatment of,
443-460: in perinæo, 709
-712: in ano, 717-726: oc-
cuit, 722.
FISTULOUS ulcers, 135.
FOOT, fractures of the bones of
the, 783 amputation of the,
824-826.

FORCEPS, 365, 485, 505.
FORE-ARM. See ARM.
FRACTURE BOX, 785.
FRACTURE and depreffion of
the cranium, 354-378; 398
-401: fractures diftinguith
ed, 756: fymptoms, 757: prog.
nofis, 758 treatment, ib. 759
-762 fractures of the bones

of the face, 763-765: of the
clavicle, 766: ribs, 767, 768:
fternum, 769; and spine; 770;

of the bones of the fuperi-
or extremities, 771-776: of
the inferior, 777-783: com-
pound fractures, 784-786:
arguments respecting them,
784 treatment, 785, 786.
FRÆNUM LINGUE, divifion of
the, 495, 496.
FRANCE, late low ftate of fur-
gery in, 19.

FRANCO, Mr, his firft operation
in lithotomy, 654.
FREKE, M. improves the ambé,
746.

FRIABILITAS offium, 235.
FUNGI, 375.

G.

GALEN, his furgery, 14; quoted,

35.

tions, 568-573: various fpc-
cies of, 574-590.
HERNIA, ftrangulated, 546-
573: chronic, 562: inguinal
and fcrotal, 574-579: con-
genita, 580-582: femoral or
crural, 84: umbilical, 585,
586: ventral, 587: cystic, 588,
589: vaginalis, 590: humera-
lis, 637.
HERNIAL fac, 545.
HILDANUS, F. 22.
HILL, his opinion of cancer, 164.
HIP-JOINT, luxation of the, 749,

750: amputation at the, 821
-823.
HIPPOCRATES, his chirurgical
skill and practice, 6: his ambé
improved, 746.

HOMER'S account of ancient
furgery, 5.

HUMERALIS hernia, 637.
HUMERUS, fractures of the, 772,

GANGLIONS, 197, 198.
GANGRÆNA offis, 232.
GANGRENE, 116-124; dry,
117: white, 118: prognofis,
119: treatment, 120-124.
GASTRORAPHY, 37, 38.
GERMANY, late low ftate of fur- HUNTER, Dr William, his dif
gery in, 20.
GILEAD, balm of, 5.
GLANDS, obftructions of the,

773-
HUMORALIS hernia, 176.

fection of a gland, 213: his
cafes of varicofe ancurifm, 324,
325.
HUNTER, Mr John, his opinion
of the symptoms foliowing
blood-letting, 53, 54: contro-
verted, 55: of stricture of the
urethra, 692.
HYDATIDES in white fwellings,

792.

LITHONTRIPTICS, 650.
LITHOTOMY, Operations in, 654
-674 in females, 675, 676.
LIVER, wounds of the, 39.
LUES venerea. See VENEREAL.
LUMBAR abfcefs, 180-183.
LUNAR cauftic, 128.
LUXATIONS, various kinds of,

731: fymptoms, 732, 737:
prognofis, 733 treatment,
734-738: of the bones of the
head and neck, 739, 740: of
the spine and os coccygis, 741:
of the clavicle, 742: of the
ribs, 743 of the fhoulder
bone, 744-746: of the el-
bow, 747 at the wrift, 748:
of the hip-joint, 749, 750: of
the patelia, 751, 752: tibia,
753: and ankle joint, 754, 755.

M.

MACHAON, 5.
MAD animals, bites of, 87.

N.

NAVI materni, 215.
NAVEL, rupture of the, 585,586.
NECK, cure for a wry, 511, 512;
Juxations of the bones of the,
739, 740.

NEEDLE for fetons, 294; for su-
tures, 297: crooked, 313:
couching, 435: curved, 436:
Chefelden's, 498.
NEPHROTOMY not attempted,
677.

NERVES, Wounds of the, 33, 51,
59: inftruments for compref-
fing the, 832.
NIPPLES, fore, treatment of,
516, 517.
NODE, benign, 227: venereal,
229-231.
NODES, 230, 231.
Nose, affections of the, 461-
466.

NOSTRILS, imperforated, 465,
466.

PANCREAS, Wounds of the, 39.
PARACENTESIS of the thorax,
518-528 of the abdomen,
529-534.
PARAPHYMOSIS, 701, 7C2.
PAREY, A. an improver of fur-
gery, 21.
PARK, Mr, his machine for sup-
porting the arm, in luxations,
742; and in fractures, 772;
his treatment of carious bones,
828.

PARONYCHIA, 184—186.
PAROTID duct, divifion of the,
467, 468.
PATELLA, luxation of the, 751,
752: and fracture, 780.
PEA-ISSUE, 292.
PELLIER, M. his cure of the ca-

taract, 435: of the fiftula la-
chrymalis, 458-460.
PENIS, venefection in the, 272,
273: difcafes of the, 691-
712: amputation of the, 705
-708: bandage for the, 841.
PERFORATOR, 364.
PERINEUM, fiftula in the, 709,
712.

PERUVIAN bark, useful in gan.
grene, 720.
PESSARIES, 684.
PETIT, M. his method of ex-
tracting the cataract, 436.
PHLEGMONIC inflammation, 90.
PHYMOSIS, 697–700.
PILES, 713.

PLAGUE, treatment of tumours
in the, 108.
PNEUMATOCELE, 633.
PODALIRIUS, 5.
POISON, 85, 86.

POISONED Woundɛ, 85-89.
POISONS, metallic, 89.
POLYPI, kinds of, 219, 220:
causes, 221; and cure of, 222

-225.
POTT, Dr, his remarks on the
rickets,

rickets, 244-247: his treat-
ment of the cataract, 437; of
an extraordinary hydrocele,
620 of fractures, 759.
POULTICES, not to be too long
continued, 81.
PROBE, 373: flat, 439: Mr A-
nel's, 458.

PROBING of wounds, improper,

76, 77.
PROLAPSUS ani, 727: uteri, 730.
PROSSER, Dr, his opinion of
bronchocele, 213.
PTERYGIUM, 417.

fæ, 197, 198: dropfical, 200
-202. See ASCITES, and
TUMOUR.

SYNOVIA, collections of, 199-

PTOLEMY Philopater, ftate of SPEAR-POINTED lancet, 256.

furgery under, 7.
PUNCTURING of the bladder,
688-690.

Pus in the thorax, 525-528.

R.

SPECKS on the eyes, 413-419.
SPECULUM, 416: oris, 500.
SPERMATIC cord, hydrocele of
the, 619-625 blood and wa-
ter in the, 626-628.

:

SCARIFICATION, improper in
gun-fhot wounds, 83: and in
gangrene, 122.
SCARIFICATOR, 280, 282, 285.
SCIRKHOUS testicle, 634-641:
operation, 642--645-
SCIRRHUS. See CANCER.
SCIRRHUS of the eye, 430, 431.
SCOOP, 439:
SCREW of Fabricius Ab Aqua-

pendente, 452.
SCROPHULOUS tumours, 209-

212.

SCROTAL hernia, 537-
SCROTUM, hydrocele of the, 592

-595.
SCULTETUS, J. a writer on

furgery, 22.
SEDATIVES, 92-99.
SEMICUPIUM, 672.

STONE in the bladder, 646-676:
caufes, 646: fymptoms, 647
-651 high operation, 654
-657: lateral operation, 658,
659 treatment after it, 670
-674 operation on females,
675, 676.

STONES in the kidneys, 677: in
the urethra, 678-682.
STRANGULATED hernia, 546-

573.

STRICTURE, 692: of the urethra,
ib-695.

SUPPRESSION of urine, 685-
690.

SUPPURATION, 90, 100-102.
SURGEONRY, 2.
SURGEONS, ancient, 5-17: for-
merly joined with barbers, 19:
eminent, 21-23: now a roy-
al college, 23.
SURGERY, defined, 1-3: histo-
ry of the art, 4-23.
SUTURES, 295-307: falfe, 295:
true, ib.: interrupted, 296:
twisted, 300.

SWELLING, white. See WHITE.
SWELLINGS of the burfæ muco-

202.

SYRINGE, Mr Anel's, 449, 458.
T.

TAPPING bandage, 645:
TAPPING.Operation of,529–534.
TARTAR on the teeth, 479.
TEETH, difeafes of the, 475-
487: inftruments for cleaning,
480: extracting, 485, 486:
and transplanting of, 487.
TENACULUM, method of tying
arteries by the, 311, 312.
TENDONS, Wounds of the, 33,
51, 59-63.
TEREDO, 232.
TESTICLE,fcirrhous, 634-645:
extirpation of it, 637-645.
TESTICLES, inflammation ofthe,
176, 177.
THIGH, amputation of the, 803,
804 treatment after it, 805-
807 at the hip joint, 821-
823.

THIGH BONE, fractures of the,

777-779.

THORAX, Wounds of the, 34-

36; 64: fluids collected in the,
518: paracentesis of the, 518
-528.

THROAT, inflammation of the,
502: fcarifying and fomenting
it, ib.

THUMB, luxation of the, 748.
TIBIA, luxation of the, 753.
TOES, fractures of the bones of
the, 783 amputation of the,
827.

TONSILS, enlargement of the,
497, 498.
TOOTHACH, causes of, 482:
cure, 483-486.
TOPHUS, 228.
TOPICAL blooding, 280-288.
TOURNIQUET defcribed, 309:
method of ufing it, 310: has
brought the art of amputation
to perfection, 799.
TREPAN, 364.
TREPANNING, method of, 364,
367.

TREPHINE, 364.

TROCAR, 457, 491: Mr Andre's,
531: feveral others, 601.
TUMOURS, formation of, ico
-107: opening of, 107-115.
inflammatory, 173-177: in-
dolent, 192, 193: fteatoma-
tous, 194, 195; sarcomatous,
196; fcrophulous, 209-2123
of the bones, 226-231: un-
der the tongue, 492.
TUNICA ALBUGINEA, blood in
the, 630, 631.

TUNICA VAGINALIS teftis, hy.
drocele of the, 596-618.
TWISTED future, 300-307.
TYMPANITES, 2 fpecies of, 534.
U, V.

VAGINAL hernia, 590.
VAN SWIETEN quoted, 34.
VARICOCELE, 629.

VARICOSE aneurifin, 318, 319,
324-326.
VARIX, 133.
VENEREAL difeafe introduced
into Europe, 18: buboes, 178,
179: node, 230, 231.
VENESECTION, in the arm, 263
-265: in the neck, 266-268:
in the ankles and feet, 269,
270: under the tongue, 271:
in the penis, 272, 273: and
in the eye, 275.
VENTRAL hernia, 537, 587.
VERDUIN, P. A. a writer on

amputation, 794.
VERTEBRÆ, luxations of the,
741; and fractures, 770.

SUR

22.

533-

(2.) SURGOOJA, the capital of the above pro-
vince, is feated in Oriffa; 180 miles SSW. of
Patna, and 276 W. of Calcutta.

SURGOWNY, a fmall town of Ireland, in
the county of Armagh, and province of Uifter.

SURGUT, a town of Ruffia, in Tobolik, on
the Oby, built in 1593; furrounded with pallifa-
does, and inhabited by the Oftacks; in a coun-
try abounding with fables, and black, red, and
white foxes. It alfo abounds with fith but pro-
duces no cron. Yet the people pay tribute in
furs. They are called Griwije, or quint-eyed, as
moft of them fquint. It is 284 miles NNE. of
Tobolfk. Lon. 91. o. E. Ferro. Lat. 61. 22. N.
(1.) * SURGY. adj. [from furge.] Rifing in
billows.-

Do publick or domestick cares constrain
This toilfome voyage o'er the furgy main? Pope.
(2.) SURGY, in geography, a town of France,
in the dep. of Nyevre: 3 miles N. of Clamecy.

SURIANA, in botany, a genus of plants of
the clafs Decandria, and order of Pentagynia;
ranking, according to the Natural Method, in
the 13th order, Succulenta.

SURIDLINGTON, a small town of England,
in the county of Lincoln; SW. of Market-Ra fin.
(1.) SURINAM, a fettlement of S. America, in
Guiana, bounded on the N. by the Atlantic, on
the E. by the river Marawina, on the S. by a
country. of Indians, and on the W. by the river
Corentyn; about 150 miles from E. to W. and
6o from N. to S. The principal rivers are the
SURINAM, from which the colony is named, the
Corentyn, the Copename, the Seramica, and the
Marawina. Of theft the firft only is navigable,

WHITE, Mr, his treatment of a
carious bone, 828.
WHITE SWELLING, 139: two
kinds of, ib. fymptoms, cau-
fes and treatment of, 140-160.
WHITLOW, 184-186: thre

fpecies of, 186.
WILSON, Gavin, his opinion of
the best part for amputating
the leg, 810.

WINE, ufeful in gangrene, 120.
WISEMAN, R. a writer on fur-
gery, 22.
WOUNDS, fimple, 24-69: mor-
tal, 25-29: contufey and ia-
cerated, 70-72: gunshot, 74
-84: poifoned, 85-89.
WRIST, luxations at the, 748.
WRY NECK,Cure for a, 511,512.
X.

XIRHOID cartilage, 845.
Y.
YELLOWNESS of the teeth, 479-
YOUNG, Jacob, an improver of
amputation, 794. .

SUR

the reft, not excepting the Marawina, being,
though very long and broad, fo fhallow, and fo
extremely crowded with rocks and small islands,
that they are of little confequence to Europeans;
nor are their banks inhabited, except by fome In-
dians, natives of the country. Into all these ri-
vers, the courfes of which are serpentine, are dif-
charged a number of very large rivulets, the banks
of which are inhabited by Europeans, and culti
vated with fugar,, cocoa, cotton, and indigo
plantations, which form the most delightful prof-
pects that can be imagined, to thote who travel
by water, the univerfal mode of journeying in
this country, as the foil is in general ill adapted
for the conftruction of roads; and in fome places,
the woods, &c. are abfolutely impenetrable. In
the Marawina is often found a curious ftone, nam-
ed the Marawina diamond, and which being po-
lifhed, bears a very near resemblance to that most
valuable gem, and is confequently often fet in
rings, &c. &c. Though fituated like Guinea, un-
der the torrid zone, the heats in Guiana are much
more fupportable than thofe on that coaft. The
rainy and dry feasons which divide the year, as
cold and warm weather divide it in Europe, may
be termed the winter and fummer of this country.
There is, however, one remarkable difference, be-
tween the European feafons and those in Guiana,
which is, that Guiana has annually two winters
and two fummers, which are diftinguished from
each other by the appellation of the greater and
the fmaller, not becaufe the rains are lefs violent
in the two latter feafons, or the heat less intenfe,
but from an opinion that their period of duration
is about half as long as that of the former. This
diftinction, however, appears to be more imagi-
nary than real, as far as refpects the rainy featon.
In general, the foil is abundantly fruitful; the
earth during the whole of the year prefenting the
delightful union of ipring and fummer. The un-

cultivated

ltivated parts are covered with immenfe forefts, ocks, and mountains; fome of the latter enrichwith a great variety of minerals; and the whole ountry is interfected by very deep fwamps, and xtenfive licaths. The ftreams along the coaft ow continually toward the NW. and the whole hore is rendered almost inacceffible from its beg covered with dangerous banks, quickfands, ogs, and rocks, with prodigious buthes, and a rge quantity of brufh-wood, which are fo clofeinterwoven as to be impenetrable. That part f Terra Firma which is called GUIANA, or The Wild Coast, and in which lies the colony of Suriam, was discovered by Columbus, in 1498, tho' ome fay that it was not difcovered till 1504, by Vafco Úres, a Spaniard. In 1579 it was vifited by Sir Walter Raleigh, under Q. Elizabeth, who Ifo failed up the Oronoque above 600 miles, in earch of the fuppofed El Dorado, and in hopes of discovering the gold mines, of which he had he most lively expectations, from famples of a narcafite, which the Spaniards call madre deloro. In 1634, a Captain Marthal, and about 60 Engifh were discovered in Surinam, employed in plantng tobacco, according to the reiation of David Piterfe de Vries, a Dutchman, who converfed with them upon the fpot. In 1640 Surinam was nhabited by the French, who were obliged to eave it soon after, on account of the frequent invafions which they juftly fuffered from the Carribbean Indians, for having, like their neighbours the Spaniards, treated them with the most barbarous cruelties. In 1650, Francis ford Willoughby of Parham, by King Charles II's permiflion, fent thither one vellel, equipped by himself, to take poffeffion of it, in the name of his royal mafter; a little after which he dispatched three veffels more, one of them carrying 20 guns. All thefe were well received by the inhabitants, with whom they entered into friendly treaties, and a kind of negociation. In 1662 the colony of Surinam was granted by charter of Charles II. to Francis lord Willoughby, and at that lord's defire, to be divided with Lawrence Hide, 2d fo of Edward earl of Clarendon, for them and their defcendants for ever. In 1665 Surinam was fuccefsfully cultivated, moftly by planting tobacco. They had alfo raifed about 40 fine fugar-plantations, and erected a strong fortress of hewn stone for their defence. Some fay, thefe improvements were effected by the Portuguefe; while the French infift that they were the work of M. Ponfert de Bretigny, when France had poffeffion of that country. However this be, the fortrefs is fituated about 16 or 18 miles from the mouth of the Surinam; and these induftrious fettlers found themfeives perfectly happy, in a small town which they had built under the walls: but in the wars between Charles II. and the United Provinces, the Dutch having been driven, in 1661, from the Brazils by the Portuguese, took the colony of Surinam from the English, in 1667, and gave to this fortrefs the name of Zelandia, and that of Middleburgh to the town of Paramaribo, after making the inhabitants, amongst other contributions, pay 100,000 pounds weight of fugar, and fending a number of them to the island of Tobago. This event took place in February, and in July following the peace was

concluded at Breda; but unluckily for the new poffeffors of Surinam, it was concluded unknown to the English commodore, Sir John Harman, who in October that fame year, having first taken Cayenne from the French, entered the river with a ftrong fleet of feven thips of war, two bombketches, &c. and retook the colony from the Dutch, killing on this occafion above fifty of their men, and deftroying nine pieces of cannon in fort Zelandia. The new inhabitants were now in their turn laid under contribution, and the Dutch garrifon were transported to Barbadoes. At the difcovery in Surinam, that the peace had been concluded between the contending powers, before commodore Harman retook the colony from the Dutch, confiderabie tumult and diforder took place among, the inhabitants, who knew not whom they ought to acknowledge as their lawful fovereign. At length, by an order of K. Charles, the fettlement was ceded to the Dutch, in 1669, when 1200 of the old inhabitants, English and negroes together, left it, and went to fettle in Jamaica. At the clofe of the fucceeding war, it was agreed by the treaty of Westminster, that Surinam fhould be the property of the Dutch for ever, in exchange for the province of New York, which accordingly took place in 1674. The principai animals of prey are tigers; apes are abundant, as likewifes parrots, fcorpions, a great variety of infects, and ferpents of an amazing fize. The rivers abound with alligators, and crocodiles. PARAMARIBO is faid by the rev. C. Cruttwell to be the chief town: But Brookes, Walker, and others make Surinam the capital of this and all the Dutch colonies in S. America. Lon. 53. 40. to 56. 25. W. Lat. 4. 45. to 6. 26. N.

(2.) SURINAM, the capital of the above settlement, is feated on the river, N° 3. The chief trade confifts in fugar, cotton, coffee of an excellent kind, tobacco, ikins, and fome valuable drugs for dyeing. Connected with Surinam are the colonies of Demerary, Iffequibo and Berbice, which lie a little to the W. The two firft surrendered to the British troops in 1781; but being left defencelefs, were taken by a French frigate. They were taken a fecond time by the Britith, May 2d, 1796: (Sce DEMFRARA, ESSEQUIBO and ISSEQUIBO: but were all reftored to the Batavian repubiic, in Aug. 1802. Surinam lies in Lon. 56. o. Lat. 6. 26. N.

(3.) SURINAM, a large navigable river of S. America, in Terra Firma or Guiana, which rifes in a ridge of mountains in Terra Firma; runs about 150 miles through and gives name to the above country. (Ste N° 1.) The creeks and rivulets on its banks are inhabited by Europeans; who plant fugar-canes, cocoa, indigo, &c. on them. It is navigable in a ferpentine direction, from S. to N. for 90 miles up the country, and abounds with that wonderful Gh, called the electrical eel. (See ELECTRICITY, Index, at GYMNOTUS; aifo GYMNOTUS.) Its banks abound with alligators, and ferpents of a very large fize. The Surinam has fand-banks at its mouth, over which there are about 3 fathoms of water in fpring tides. It falls into the Atlantic, in Lon. 55. 40. W. Lat. 6. 25. N.

SURINGIA, a large trading town of Japan, in the ifle of Niphon, and capital of a province fo

pamed,