By humble fuit, by service, or by hire, Fairfax. An harlot and fubtile of heart. Prov. vii. 10.- temp: Like a bowl upon a fubtle ground, 6. Refin'd; acute beyond neceffity. SUB thing, could any body by subtilty become vital, then any degree of fubtilty would produce fome they are to spirit in fubtilty and refinement, the degree of life. Grew.-Bodies the more of kin more fpreading and felf-diffusive are they. Norris. 2. Nicety; exility.-Whatsoever is invifible, in refpect of the fineness of the body, or fubtilty of the motion, is little enquired. Bacon. 3. Refinement; too much acutenefs.-You prefer the reputation of candour before that of fubtilty. Boyles fubtilty. Locke.— -Intelligible difcourfes are spoiled by too much Milton. Shak. Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. (2.) SUBTILE, in phyfics, an appellation given to whatever is extremely small, fine, and delicate; fuch as the animal fpirits, the effluvia of ordorous bodies, &c. are fuppofed to be. * SUBTILELY. adv. [from fubtile.] 1. In a fubtile manner; thinly; not denfely. 2. Finely; not grofsly. The conftitution of the air appeareth more jubtilely by worms in oak-appies than to the fenfe of man. Bacon.-In thefe plaifters the ftone thould not be too fubtilely powdered. Brown. The opakeft bodies, if fubtilely divided, as metals diffolved in acid menftruums, become perfectly transparent. Newton. 3. Artfully; cunningly. Add the reputation of loving the truth fincerely to that of having been able to oppofe it fubtilely. Boyle-Others have fought to ease themfelves of affliction by difputing Jubtilely against it. Tillotson. * SUBTILENESS. n. J. [from fubtile.] 1. Finenefs; rareness. 2. Cunning; artfulness. * To SUBTILIATE. v. a. {from fubtile.} To make thin. A very dry and warm or fubtiliating air opens the furface of the earth. Harvey. * SUBTILIATION. n. f. [subtiliation, Fr. from subtiliate.] The act of making thin.-By subtiliation and rarefaction, the oil contained in grapes, if diftilled before it be fermented, becomes fpirit of wine. Boyle. SUBTILITY. See SUBTILTY. * SUBTILIZATION. n.. {from subtilize.] 1. Subtilization is making any thing fo volatile as to rife readily in steam or vapour. Quincy.—No subtilization, divifion of parts, or refining, can alter these refiftances. Cheyne. 2. Refinement; fu. perfluous acuteness. (1.) * To SUBTILIZE. v. a. [subtilizer, Fr. from subtile.) 1. To make thin; to make lefs grofs or coarfe.-Chyle, being mixed with the choler and pancreatick juices, is further subtilized, and rendered fluid. Ray-Body cannot be vital; for if it be, then is it fo either as subtilized or organized. Greau. 2. To refine; to pin into ufelefs niceties.-The most obvious verity is subtiliz ed into niceties. Glanville. (2.) To SUBTILIZE. V. n. To talk with too much refinement.-Qualities and moods fome modern philofophers have subtilized on. Digby. *SUBTILTY. n. f. [subtilite, Fr. from subtile.] 1. Thinnefs; finehefs; exility of parts.-The sub tilties of particular founds may pafs through fmali crannies. Bacon. Nought ties the foul, her subtilty is fuch. -The corporeity of all bodies being the tame, Daries. and subtilty in all bodies being effentially the fame Greece did at length a learned race produce, Blackmore. They thed fubtilty upon their author. Baker. 4. Cunning; artifice; flynefs. Finding force now faint to be, The rudeness and barbarity of favage Indians He thought grey hairs afforded fubtilty. Sidney. knows not fo perfectly to hate all virtues as fome. men's fubtilty. K. Charles. Sleights proceeding As from his wit and native fubtilty. Milton. fpecially in the fenfe of cunning. Sly; artful; Shall we think the fubtle witted French Shak. The ferpent, fubtleft beaft of all the field. The Arabians were men of a deep and fubtle wit. Spratt. Milton. SUBTLETY. See SUBTILTY. fully; cunningly.- 2. Thou fee't how subtly to detain thee I devife; Inviting thee to hear, while I relate. Nicely; delicately. Milton. In the nice bee, what fenfe so subtly true, From pois'nous herbs extracts the healing dew! Pope. They who derive it from the Latin write fubtra&; *To SUBTRACT. v. a. [fabtradio, Latin. Arad, which is the common word.] To withthofe who know the French original, write fubdraw part from the reft.-Reducing many things traded from the crown. Davies.-What is subunto charge, which became concealed and subtraced out of the divine perfection, leaves till a quotient infinite. Hale.-The fame fwallow, by the subtracting daily of her eggs, layed nimetten fucceflively, and then gave over. Ray. * SUBTRACTER. "n. f. [subtrabo, Lat.] The number to be taken out of a larger number. (1.) * SUBTRACTION. 11. f. See SUBSTRAC TION. rule, or rather operation, in arithmetic, whereby The number out of which part is taken. dep. dep. of the Indre; 9 miles S. of Chitiilon, and 18 W. of Chateauroux. * SUBTRIPLE. adi. [subtrible, Fr. sub and triplus, Lit. Containing a third or one part of three. -The power will be in a subtriple proportion to the weight. Wi kins. * SUBVENTANEOUS. adj. [subventaneus, Lat.] Addle; windy.-Suitable unto the relation of the mares in Spain, and their fubventaneous conceptions from the western wind. Brown. To SUBVERSE. v. a. [ Subverfus, Lat. To fubvert. Spenfer ufes fubverft in the fame fenfe.Empires fubvers'd, when ruling fate has firuck Th' unalterable hour. Thomson. * SUBVERSION. n. f. [fubverfion, Fr. fubverfus, Lat. Overthrow; run; deftruction. Thele feek fubverfion of thy harmless life. Shak. -It is far more honourable to fuffer, than to profper in their ruin and fubverfion. King Charles. -Thefe things refer to the diffolution or juberJion of the earth. Burnet-Laws have been often abufed, to the oppreffion and the fubuerfion of order. Rogers. SUBVERSIVE. adj. from fubvert] Having tendency to overturn: with of-Lying is a vice fubverfive of the very ends and defign of converfa tion. Rogers. * To SUBVERT. v. a. [ fubvertir, Fr. fubverto, Lat. 1. To overthrow; to overturn; to deftroy; to turn upfide down. God, by things deem'd weak, Subverts the worldly ftrong and worldly wife. Milton. -No propofition can be received for divine revelation, if contradictory to our clear intuitive knowledge; because this would fubvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.-Trees are fubverted or broken by high winds. Mortimer. 2. To corrupt; to confound.-Strive not about words to no purpose, but to the fubverting of the hearers. 1 Tim. ii. 14. SUBVERTER. n. f. [from fubvert.] Overthrower; deftroyer. O vile fubverter of the Gallick reign. Dryden. -They anathematize them as fubverters of fouls. Waterland. SUBULARIA, ROUGH-LEAVED ALYSSON, or AWLWORT, in botany, a genus of plants belong. ing to the clafs of tetradynamia, and order of filculofa; and in the natural order ranging under the 39th order, filiquofa. The filicula is entire and ovate; the valves are ovate, concave, and contrary to the partitions. The ftyle is fhorter than the filicula. There is only one fpecies; viz. SUBULARIA AQUATICA, which is a native of Britain. It is about an inch high. The leaves are awl-shaped, and grow in clufters round the root. The ftalk is naked, and produces 4 or 5 'fmall white flowers growing alternately on fhort footftalks. It flowers under water, whereas moft aquatic plants emerge above water at the time of flowering. The Author of Nature has, however, carefully prevented the tender flower from receiving any injury from the water, by making the petals clofe, and form themfeives into a kind of arch. This plant grows on the borders of the VOL. XXI. PART II. Highland lakes, in Loch Tay, in Scotland; alfo in Wales and Ireland. SUBULATED, adj. [from fubula, Lat, an aw!.] fhaped like an awl. SUBUR, in ancient geography; 1. a river of Mauritania; 2. a town of Spain. (1.) * SUBURB. n. f. [fuburbium, Latin.] 1. Building without the walls of a city-Are all these your fairhtul friends o' th' fuburbs? Shak. -The Spaniard lodged three nights in the faburbs of his principal city. Bacon. 2. The confines; the outpart. The juburbs of my jacket are f) gone, I have not left one skirt to fit upon. Cleaveland. They on the finoothed plank, The suburb of their ftraw-built citadel, Expatiate. Milton. Our fpirits are unchanged, if they always food in the Juburbs of forrows. Taylor. (2.) SUBURB, in modern fishionable Engli, is often laid afide for the French word fauxbourg, a word which we have no need of, and which conveys a falfe idea, as if ail fuburbs were false burghs. * SUBURBAN. adj. fuburbanus, Lat. from fuburb.] Inhabiting the fuburb. Poor clinches the suburban mufe affords. Dryden. Then weds an heiress of suburban mould. Harte. SUBWORKER. *. f. [fub and worker.] Underworker; fubordinate helper.-It is glorious to be a fubaworker to grace. South. SUCCADANA, a kingdom in the ifland of Borneo, with its capital fo named. The chief products are camphor and diamonds. Lon. 12.7.. 30. W. Ferro. Lat. r. o.-S. * SUCCEDANEOUS. adj. [fuccedaneus, Lat.] Supplying the place of fomething elfe.-Nor is Etius ftrictly to be believed when he preferibeth the stone of the otter as a fuccedaneous unto caftoreum. Brown.-I will prefent a fuccedaneous experiment made with a common liquor. Boyle. (1.) * SUCCEDANEUM. n.. [Latin.] That which is put to serve for fomething else. (2.) SUCCEDANEUM, in pharmacy, a drug fubfituted for another. (1.) * To SUCCEED. v. n. [fucceder, Fr. fuccedo, Lat.] 1. To follow in order.— Not another comfort like to this Succeeds in unknown fate. Shak. Dryden. The pretenfions of Saul's family, who received his crown from the immediate appointment of God, ended with his reign; and David, by the fame title, fucceeded in his throne. Locke. 3. To obtain one's with; to terminate an undertaking in the defired effect.-'Tis almoft impoffi. ble for poets to fucceed without ambition. Dryden. -This addrefs I have long thought owing; and į I had never attempted, I might have been vain enough to think I might have jucceeded. Dryd.A knave's a knave to me in ev'ry ftate; Ahke my feorn, if he fucceed or fatl. Pope 4. To terminate according to with; to have a good effect.-Thy doings fhall profperoully fucred to thee. Tob. iv. 6.-This was impoflibie for Virgil to imitate, because of the severity of the Roman language: but neither will it jucceed in English. Dryden. 5. To go under cover.—— Will you to the cooler cave fucceed? Dryden, (2.) To SUCCEED. v. a. 1. To follow; to be subfequent or confequent to.-In that piace no creature was hurtțul unto man, and thole deftruc. tive effects they now difcover fucceeded the curfe, and came in with therns and briars. Brown. To profper; to make fuccefsful. 2. ther. Now this great fucceeder ail repairs. Daniel. -Should the envy of predeceffors deny the fecret to jucceeders, they yet would find it out. Suckling. -They make one man's particular fancies convey them to their acceeders. Boyle. (1.) SUCCESS. n. J. [fucces, Fr. fucceffus, Lat.j 1. The termination of any affair happy or unhappy. Succefs without any epithet is commonly taken for good fuccets.-For good success of his hands, he afketh ability to do of him that, is moft unable. Wisd. xiii. 19. Perplex'd and troubl'd at bis bad success The tempter ftood. Not Lemuel's mother with more care Did counfel or instruct her heir; Milton. Or teach, with more success, her fon. Waller. -Every reafonable man cannot but with me sucfeas in this attempt. Tillotson. They've prove for ruin long without success. Garth. -Gas fulphuris may be given with success in any difeafe of the lungs. Arbuthnot.-Military succeffes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people. Atterbury. 2. Succeffion. Obfolete. All the fons of thefe five brethren reigned By due success, and ail their nephews. Spenfer. (2.) SUCCESS, in geography, a townthip of New Hampshire, in Grafton county, NE. of the White Mountains, on the E. line of the State. (3.) SUCCESS BAY, a bay of Terra del Fuego, on the W. coaft of the Straits of Le Maire; cailed alfo Goop SUCCESS. Lon. 65 25. W. Lat. $4.50. S. (4.) SUCCESS, CAPE, a cape on the above bay, in. Lop. 65. 27. W. Lat. 55. 1. S. * SUCCESSFULNESS. . . [from fuccessful.} Happy conclufion; defired event; feries of good fortune.-An opinion of the successfulness of the work is receflary to found a purpose of undertaking it. Hammond. (1.)* SUCCESSION. n f.[succeffion, Fr. succo, Lat.] 1. Confecution; feries of one thing or perfon following another.-St Auguftine faith, in all this order of succion of bishops there is not one found a Donatiit Hooker.-Reflection on feveral ideas in our minds, furnishes us with the idea of succeffion. Locke.-Let a cannon-bullet pafs through a room, and take with it any limb of a man, it is clear that it must firike fucceflively the two fices of the room, touch one part of the flesh fiill, and another after, and fo in sucerfion. Locke. 2. A feries of things or perfons following one another. Thefe decays in Spain have been occafioned by fo long a war with Holland; but muft by two succeffions of inactive princes. Bacon.-The smalleft particles of matter may cohere by the frongett attractions, and compofe bigger particles of weaker virtue; and fo on for divers suce frons. Newton. 3. A lineage; an order of defcendants. Caffidelan, And his succeffion, granted Rome a tribute. Shok. A long succeffion mutt enfue. Milton. 4. The power or right of coming to the inheritance of ancestors.— What people is fo void of common sense, To vote succeffion from a native prince? Dryd. (2.) SUCCESSION, in law. See DESCENT, IV.; INHERITANCE, $ 2, 3.; and LAW, Part III. Chap. 11. Sect. XX. XXII.. (3.) SUCCESSION, in metaphyfics, the idea which we get by reflecting on the ideas which follow one another in our mind and from the fucceffion of ideas we get the idea of time. See METAPHYsics. Sea. XIII. § 60-62. (4.) SUCCESSION TO THE CROWN OF ENGLAND. See HEREDITARY RIGHT. From the days of Egbert, the firft fole monarch of England, even to the prefent, the four cardinai max ims mentioned in that article have ever been held when coupled with the doctrine of unlimited paffive obedience, is furely of all conftitutions the moft thoroughly flavish and dreadful. But when fuch an hereditary right as our laws have created and vested in the royal stock, is clofely interwoven with thofe liberties which are equally the inheritance of the subject, this union will form a conftitution, in theory the most beautiful of any, in practice the most approved, and, we truft, in duration the moft permanent. Et eflo perpetua! Amen! (5.) SUCCESSION TO THE LATE CROWN OF FRANCE. In France the fucceffion to the monarchy was limited to heirs male (see SALÍC ;) but in Navarre the crown was inherited by the heir of ine, whether male or female. Philip IV. king of France in 1285, espoused. Jane queen of Navarre in her own right; and as king confort of this latter kingdom, added the title of Navarre to that of France. Lewis X. fon and heir of Philip and Jane, fucceeded to both crowns. By Margaret his firft wife, who had been crowned queen of Navarre, he left one daughter Joan. His 2d wife Clementina was pregnant at the time of his decease, and was delivered of a pofthumous fon, whom most of the French annalists recognize as John I. of France, though he lived only three weeks. On his death the kingdom of France pafled to Philip V. and that of Navarre to Joanna the only child and heir of Lewis X. and Margaret. From Joanna, in lineal fucceffion, the kingdom of Navarre paffed to Jane d'Albret, mother of Henry IV. of France, and wife of Anthony of Bourbon, who, as king confort, wore the crown of Navarre. On the acceflion of Henry to the kingdom of France, the two monarchies were united, and the four fucceeding princes affumed the joint titles. Of thefe 5 monarchs, the first and laft were good kings, and merited a better fate than they met with. But the 3 intervene ing Lewifes were perfecuting tyrants, and the blood of the millions of proteftants murdered by them, feems to have been avenged on their whole race, as that of NABOTH was upon the house of ÁĦAB. * SUCCESSIVE. adj. [fucceffif, Fr.] 1. Fol lowing in order; continuing a courfe or confecu tion uninterrupted. Three with fiery courage he affails, Labour and reft, as day and night, to men Milton. Gud, by reafon of his eternal indivifible nature, is by one fingle act of duration prefent to aid the fucceffive portions of time. South. Send the fucceffive is thro' yes down. Prior: 2. Inherited by fucceffion. Not in ufe.-Countrymen, Plead my fucceffive title with your fwords. Shake -The empite being elective, and not fucceffive, the emperors, in being, made profit of their own tiores. Raleigh. * SUCCESSIVELY. adj. [fucceffivement, Fr. from jucceffive.] In uninterrupted order; one after another. Three fons he left, All which fucceffively by turns did reign. Is it upon record? or else reported Succeffively from age to age? F. Q. taste; when exposed to heat, it fublimes without decompofition." Shak. -That king left only by his fix wives three children, who reigned succeffively. Bacon. We that meafure times by first and last The fight of things fuccefively do take. Davies. -The whitenefs at length changed ficcefive y into blue indigo and violet. Newton.- No fuch motion of the fame atom can be all of it exiftent at once: it must needs be made gradually and jucceffively both as to place and time. BentleyWe have a kind of inheritance succeffively conveyed to us by the primitive faints from the apoftles. Waterland. * SUCCESSIVENESS. n. s. [from succeffive] The state of being fucceffive.-All the notion we have of duration is partly by the succeffiveness of its own operations. Hale. *SUCCESSLESS. adj. [from success.] Unlucky; uufortunate; failing of the event defired.-A fecond colony is fent hither, but as fuccessless as the hrt. Heylyn. The hopes of thy successless love refign. Dryd. Bold champion: brandishing his Noric blade, SUCCESSOUR. n. f. [ fucceffour, Fr. fuceffor, Lat.] This is fometimes pronounced sucréssour, with the accent in the middle.). One that follows in the place or character of another: correlative to predeceffour.-This king by this queen had a fon of tender age but of great expectation, brought up as succeffor of his father's crown. Sidney.-The succeffor of Mofes in prophecies. Ecclus. xlvi. r.-The fear of what was to come from an unacknow. ledged succeffour to the crown, clouded much of that profperity. Clarendon.-The fecond part of confirmation is the prayer and benediétion of the bithop, the fucceffour of the apoftles in this office. Hammond. The furiy favage offspring difappear, And curfe the bright succeffor of the year. Dryden. Whether a bright fucceffor or the fame. Tate. -The defcendants of Alexander's fucceffors cultivated navigation. Arbuthnot. SUCCINAS,) n. f. [from fuccinum, Eat. amber.] SUCCINAT, a falt formed by the combination of the fuccinic acid with different bases. "Thefe bafes are acids, alkalies, and metallic oxides. But fcarcely any of thefe fuccinats have yet been examined with attention. "For the few experiments," (adds Dr Thomfon,) "that have been made, we are indebted to Stockar, Wenzel, Leonhaidi, and Bergman." The Dr then enumerates 7 ipecies belides the metallic Succinats: 3. "SUCCINAT OF BARYTES. This fait, ac cording to Berginan, is difficulty foluble in water." 4. "SUCCINAT OF LIME. This falt forms oblong, pointed, non-denique fcent falts, which are difficultly foluble even in boiling water. It is not altered by exposure to the air. It is decon.pofed by muriat of ammonia, and by the fixed alkaline carbonats." 5. SUCCINAT OF MAGNESIA has the form of a white, glutinous, frothy mafs; which when dried by the fire attracts moisture from the air, and deliquefces." 6." SUCCINAT OF POTASS. This falt accord. ing to Leonhardi and Stockar, cryftallizes in three-fided prifms. It has a bitter faline tafte, is very foluble in water, and deliquefces, when expofed to the air. When exposed to heat it decrepitates and melts; and in a strong heat is decompofed." 7. SUCCINAT OF SILVER. See SILVER, § 16, N° xv. 8. "SUCCINAT OF SODA. When pure fuccinic acid is faturated with foda, the folution by fpontaneous evaporation yields beautiful tranfparent cryftals of fuccinat of foda; fome of which are four-fided prifs, with dihedral fummits; others fix-fided prifms, terminated by an oblique face. This falt has a bitter taste, is lefs foluble in water than common falt, and does not deliquefce, when expofed to the air. It is decompo fed completely, when exposed to a sufficient heat in clofe veffels." See SUCCINIC ACID. (1.) SUCCINATED, adj. impregnated with amber, or the Succinic Acid. (2.) SUCCINATED SPIRIT OF AMMONIA. See PHARMACY, Index. SUCCINCT. adj. fuccin&t, Fr. fuccin&us, Eat.] 1. Tucked or girded up; !aving the cloaths drawn up to difengage the legs.His habit fit for speed fuccin&. His velt fuccine thea girding round his waift, Forth rufh'd the fwain. Four knaves in garbs fuccin&. Milton. Pope Pape 2. Short; concife; brief.-A ftrict and fuccină fty e is that where you can take nothing away without lofs. Ben Jonjon. Let all your precepts be fuccina and clear. * SUCCINCTLY. adv. [from fuccin& Briefly; concifcly; without fuperfluity of diction.—【 thail prefent you very fuccinally with a few reflec tions. Rogle.- I'll recant, when France can fhew me wit As ftrong as ours and as fuccinely writ. Rofcom. SUCCINCTNESS. n. f. [from Juccinct] Brevity; corcifenefs. (1) SUCCINIC, adj. [from fuccinum, Lat. amber.] Of or belonging to amber; containing the virtues or effence of amber; of the nature of amber. (2.) SUCCINIC ACID, or the ACID OF AMBER, one of the recently difcovered Acids, extracted from amber. (See AMBER, § 1-7; and CHE MISTRY, Index.) When Amber, (fay, Dr Thoin"fon, vol. ii. p. 134.) “is diftilled, a volatile falt is ob tamed |