Were subje&s so but only by their choice, And not from birth did forc'd dominion take, Our prince alone would have the publick voice. Dryden. Heroick kings, whofe high perfections have made them awful to their subjects, can struggle with and fubdue the corruption of the times. Davenant. 2. That on which any operation, either mental or material, is performed.— Now fpurs the lated traveller apace, Shak. it affumes the form of a powder; when obtained ordinary laws and magistrates. Davies.—We must by evaporation it forms thin irregular pellicles. understand and confefs a king to be a father; a Its tafte is acid and flightly bitter; and when dif- subject to be a fon; and therefore honour to be by folved in a fmail quantity of boiling water, it acts nature moft due from the natural subject to the upon the throat, and excites coughing. It red- natural king. Holyday.-The subje& must obey his dens vegetable blues; and when dropped into a prince. Swift.folution of indigo in fulphuric acid, (the liquid blue of this country,) it changes the colour of the folution and renders it green. Water at 60° or even 70° diffolves only one 5716th part of its weight of fuberic acid; and if the acid be very pure, on. ly one 144th part: boiling water, on the contrary, diffolves half its weight of it. When exposed to the air it attracts moisture, especially if it be impure. When exposed to the light of day, it becomes at last brown; and this effect is produced much fooner by the direct rays of the fun. When heated in a matrafs, the acid fublimes, and the infide of the glass is surrounded with zores of different colours. If the fublimation be stopped at the proper time, the acid is obtained on the fides of the veffel in fmall points formed of concentric circles. When expofed to the heat of the blow pipe on a spoon of platinum, it first melts, then becomes pulverulent, and at last sublimes entirely, with a smell resembling that of SEBACIC ACID. It is not altered by oxygen gas: the other acids do not diffolve it completely. Alcohoi developes an aromatic odour, and an ether may be obtained by means of this acid. It converts the blue colour of nitrat of copper into a green; the fuiphat of copper into a green; green fuiphat of iron to a deep yellow; and fulphat of zinc to a golden yellow. It has no action either on platinum, gold, or nickel; but it oxidates filver, mercury, lead, tin, iron, bifmuth, arfenic, cobalt, zinc, antimony, manganefe, and molybdenum. With alkalies, earths, and metalic oxides, it forms compounds named Suberats." (See SUBERAT, N° 1-7.) "Its affinities are as follows: barytes, potafs, fo da, lime, ammonia, magnefia, alumina, SUBI, a river of Spain, in Catalonia. SUBJACENT. adj. [fubjacens, Lat.] Lying under. The fuperficial parts of mountains are washed by rains, and borne down upon the subja. cent plains. Woodward. (1.) SUBJECT. adj. [fubje&us, Lat.] 1. Placed or fituated under. Th' eaftern tower, Whofe height commands, as fubje&, ali the vale Shak. 2. Living under the dominion of another.-Efau was never fubje& to Jacob. Locke.-Chrift, fince his incarnation, has been fubject to the father. Waterland. 3. Exposed; liable; obnoxious. Moft subject is the fatteft foil to weeds. Shak. All human things are subject to decay. Dryd. 4. Being that on which any action operates, whether intellectual or material.-I enter into the fubjed matter of my discourse. Dryden. (2.) * SUBJECT. n. f. [fujet, Fr.] 1. One who lives under the dominion of another: oppofed to governor. Shak. Every fubje&'s duty is the king's, -This subject for heroick fong pleas'd me. Milt. -Nor are they too dry a subjeƐ for our contemplation. Decay of Piety.-I will not venture on fo nice a fubject. More.-Make choice of a fubjec beautiful and noble. Dryden.-The fubject of a propofition is that concerning which any thing is affirmed or denied. Watts.-My real defign is, that of publifhing your praifes to the world; not upon the fubject of your noble birth. Swift 3. That in which any thing inheres or exifts.-Anger is certainly a kind of bafenefs, as it appears well in the weakness of those fubje&s in whom it reigns. Bacon. 4. In Grammar.] The nominative cafe to a verb is called by grammarians the fubje&t of the verb. Clarke. (3.) SUBJECT is also used for the matter of an art or science, or that which it confiders, or whereon it is employed: thus the human body is the subject of medicine. To SUBJECT. v. a. [fubje&us, Latin.] 1. To put under. Th' angel led them direct, and down the cliff As faft to the fubjected piain. Milton. In one thort view, fubjected to our eye, Gods, emp'rors, heroes, fages, beauties lie. Pope. 2. To reduce to fubmiffion; to make fubordinate; to make fubmiffive.→ Think not, young warriors, your diminish'd I live on bread like you, feel want like you, Tafte grief, need friends, like you: fübje&ed thus, How can you fay to me, I am a king? Shak. Dryden. I fee thee, in that fatal hour, Subjected to the victor's cruel pow'r. The blind will always be led by thofe that fee, and he is the moft fubje&ed, who is fo in his underftanding. Locke. 4. To expofe; to make liable.-If the veffels yield, it fubjects the person to all the inconveniencies of an erroneous circulation. Arbuthnot. 5. To fubmit; to make accountable.-God is not bound to fubje& his ways of operation to the fcrutiny of our thoughts. Locke. 6. To make fubfervient. He jubjected to man's fervice angel-wings. Milt. SUBJECTION. n. f. [from fubject.] 1. The a&t of subduing.-After the conqueft of the kingdom and subjection of the rebels, enquiry was made. Hale tin; fubjon&if, Fr.] 1. Subjoined to something elle. 2. [In Grammar.]-The verb undergoes a different formation, to fignify the fame intentions as the indicative, yet not abfolutely but relatively to fome other verb, which is called the fubjunctive mood. Clarke. Hale. 2. [Soujettion, Fr.) The state of being under government.-The fubjection of the body to the will is by natural neceffity; the fabjection of the will unto God voluntary. Hooker.-How hard it is now for him to frame himself to subjection. Spenfer. Both in fubje&ion now to fenfual appetite. Milton. SUBJECTIVE. adj. [from subject.] Relating not to the object, but the fubject.-Certainty according to the schools is distinguished into objective and fubjective: objective is when the propofition is certainly true in itself; and fubjective, when we are certain of the truth of it. Watts. SUBINFEUDATION, n. f. [Sub, in and feud.] in English law, was where the inferior lords, in imitation of their fuperiors, began to carve out and grant to others minuter eftates than their own, to be held of themfelves; and were fo proceed. ing downwards in infinitum, till the superior lords obferved, that by this method of fubinfeudation they loft all their feodal profits, of wardfhips, marriages, and efcheats, which fell into the bands of thefe mefne or middle lords, who were the im. mediate fuperiors of the terre-tenant, or him who occupied the land. This occafioned the ftat. of Weftm. 3. or quia emptores, 18 Edw. I. to be made; which directs, that, upon all faies or feoffments of lands, the feoffe fhall hold the fame, not of his immediate feoffer, but of the chief lord of the fee of whom such feoffer himself held it. And hence it is held, that all manors exifting at this day muft have exifted by immemorial prescription; or at leaft ever fince the 18 Edw. I. when the ftatute of quia emptores was made. * SUBINGRESSION. n. f. [ fub and ingreffus, Latin.] Secret entrance. The preffure of the ambient air is ftrengthened upon the acceffion of the air fucked out; which forceth the neighbouring air to a violent fubingreffion of its parts. Boyle. To. SUBJOIN. v. a. (jub and joinder, French; fubjungo, Latin.] To add at the end; to add afterwards. He knew not that he was the high prieft, and fubjoins a reason. South. SUBITANEOUS. adj. [jubitaneus, Latin.] Sudden; hafty. SUBITO, adv. in the Italian mufic, is used to fignify that a thing is to be performed quickly and hastily: thus we meet with volli fubito, turn over the leaf quickly. * To SUBJUGATE. v. a. [subjuguer, Fr. fubjugo, Lat. To conquer; to fubdue; to bring under dominion by force. O fav'rite virgin, that haft warm'd the breaft, Whole fov'reign dictates fubjugate the eaft! Prior. -Hef *SUBJUGATION. n. f. (from fubjugate. The act of fubduing.-This was the condition of the learned part of the world, after their fubjugation by the Turks. Hale. *SUBJUNCTION. n. f. [from fubjungo, Lat.] The state of being fubjoined; the act of fubjoining. The verb undergoes in Greek a different formation; and in dependence upor, or fubjunction to fome other verb. Clarke. (1.) SUBJUNCTIVE. adj. fubjuntivus, La (2.) SUBJUNCTIVE, in Grammar, or SUBJUNC TIVE MOOD: See GRAMMAR, under ENGLISH LANGUAGE, page 695; where Dr JOHNSON, from fome subim, that had ftruck him, gives it the two new titles of Potential and Conjun&ive; but ali fuch refined and multiplied diftinctions are unneceffary and burdenfome to beginners; and inftead of opening the gates of science wider, tend rather, like a labyrinth, to bewilder the learner. In common language, the subjunctive mood is much neglected, both in fpeaking and in writing; especially in the ufe of the fubftantive verb. In the beft modern writings, the expreffion, "if there is"-is often ufed instead of "if there be." Authors of the 16th and 17th centuries were much more attentive to this diftinction, than those of the prefent age. (1.) * SUBLAPSARIAN. SUBLAPSARY. adj. [ub and lapfus, Latin.] Done after the fall of man.-The decree of reprobation, according to the fublapfarian doctrine, being nothing else but a mere preterition, or non-election of fome perfons whom God left as he found, involved in the guilt of the first Adam's tranfgreffion, without any actual perfonal fin of their own, when he withdrew fome others as guilty as they. Hammond. (2.) SUBLAPSARIANS, or INFRALAPSARIANS. See SUPRALAPSARIANS. SUBLAPSARY. See the last article. *SUBLATION. n. f. fublatio, Lat.] The act of taking away. * SUBLEVATION: n.f. [fublevo, Lat.] The act of railing on high. SUBLEYRAS, Peter, an eminent French painter, born in Languedoc, in 1699. He excelled in hiftory and portraits; and was much patronised by the king and nobility, as well as by foreigners. He painted a grand piece for St Peter's church at Rome; and died in 1749, aged 50. * SUBLIMABLE. adj. [trom jublime.] Poffible to be fublimed. * SUBLIMABLENESS. n. ƒ. [from fublimable.】 Quality of admitting fublimation.-He obtained another concrete as to taste and fmeh, and eafy fublimableness, as common fait armomack. Boyle. (1.) * SUBLIMATE. adj. Raifed by fire in. the veifel.-The particles of mercury uniting with the acid particies of fpirit of fait compofe mercury fublimate. Newton. (2.) SUBLIMATE. n. f. [from fublime.] 1. Any thing rated by fire in the retort.-Enquire what metais endure tubliming, and what body the fublimate makes. Bacon. 2. Quickfilver raised in the retort. (3.) SUBLIMATE, a chemical preparation, confifting of quickli ver united with the muriatic acid. See CHEMISTRY, 943; and PHARMACY, Index. To SUBLIMATE. v. a. [from fublime. 1. To raife by the force of chemical fire. 2. To exalt ; to heighten; to elevatc. Words, whofe weight beft fuit a fublimated ftrain. The fublime is a Gallicifm, but now naturalliz. ed. Longinus ftrengthens all his laws, Not only the grofs and illiterate fouls, but the moft aerial and fublimated, are rather the more proper fuel for an immaterial fire. Decay of Piety. The precepts of Chriftianity are fo excellent and refined, and fo apt to cleanfe and fublimate the more grofs and corrupt, as fhews fleth and blood never revealed it. Decay of Piety. (1.) * SUBLIMATION. n.ƒ. [sublimation, Fr. from fublimate. 1. A chemical operation which raifes bodies in the veffel by the force of fire. Sublimation differs very little from diftillation, excepting that in distillation only the fluid parts of hodics are raifed, but in this the folid and dry; and that the matter to be distilled may be either folid or fluid, but fublimation is only concerned about solid substances. There is ailo another difference, namely, that rarefaction, which is of ve ry great ufe in diftillation, has hardly any room in fublimation; for the fubftances which are to be fublimed being folid, are incapable of rarefaction; and fo it is only impuife that can raise them. Quincy. Separation is wrought by weight, as in the fettlement of liquors, by heat, by precipitanon or fublimation; that is, a caning of the foveral parts up or down. Bacon.-May it not be inferred that fulphur is a mixture of volatile and fixed parts fo ftrongly cohering by attraction, as to afcend together by fublimation? Neaton. Exaltation; elevation; act of heightening or improving. She turns 2. And is hinfe if the great fublime he draws. Pope. -The fublime rifes from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of the words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrafe; the perfe& fublime arifes from all three together. Addifon. (3.) SUBLIME, or SUBLIMITY. See ORATORY, Part III. Se&. VII; and SIMPLICITY, § 2. (1.) To SUBLIME. v. a. fublimer, Fr. from the adjective.] 1. To raife by a chemical fire.Write our annais, and in them lessons be To all, whom love's fubliming fire invades. Donne Meanly they seek the blessing to confine, Which not alone the fouthern wit fublimes, But ripens fpirits in cold northern cimes. Pope. (2.) To SUBLIME. v. n. To rife in the chemical veffel by the force of fire.—The particles of fal ammoniack in fublimation carry up the particles of antimony, which will not fublime alone. Newton.-This fat is fixed in a gentle fire, and fublimes in a great one. Arbuthnot. SUBLIMELY. adv. [from fublime.] Loftily; grandly. In English lays, and all fublimely great, Thy Homer charms with all his ancient heat. Parnell. Fuftian's fo fublimely bad; Pope. It is not poetry, but profe run mad. * SUBLIMENESS. n. f. \ fublimitas, Lat.] The fame as fublimity. (1.) * SUBLIMITY. n. f. [from fublime ; fublimité, Fr. fublimitas, Lat.] 1. Height of place; lo cal elevation. 2. Height of nature; excellence. We esteem it according to that height of excellency which our hearts conceive, when divine fublimity itself is rightly confidered. Hooker.-In refpect of God's incomprehenfible fublimity and purity, this is alfo true, that God is neither a mind nor a fpirit like other spirits. Raleigh. 3. Loftinefs of ftyle or fentiment.-Milton's diftinguishing excellence lies in the fublimity of his thoughts. Addifon. (2) SUBLIMITY, in Stile. See LANGUAGE, Se&. VI—VIII.; ORATORY, Part III. Seč. VII. and SIMPLICITY, 2. (1.) * SUBLINGUAL, adj. Į fublingual, Fr.; fub and lingua, Lat.] Paced under the tongue.Thofe fubliming humours fhould be intercepted, before they mount to the head, by sublingual pills. Harvey. (2.) SUBLINGUAL ARTERY, See ANATOMY, (3.) SUBLINGUAL GLANDS, Index. * SUB SUBLUNAR. adj. fublunnire, Fr. fub SUBLUNARY. and luna, Latin.] Situated beneath the moon; earthly; terrestrial; of this world. Night meafur'd, with her fhadowy cone, Ovid had warn'd her to beware To pick up fublunary ladies. Savift. The fair philofopher to Rowley flies, Where in a box the whole creation lies; She fees the planets in their turns advance; And fcorns, Poitier, this fublunary dance. Young. SUBMARINE. adj. [fub and mare, Latin.] Lying or acting under the fea.-This contrivance may feem difficult, because these fubmarine navigators will want winds and tides for motion, and the fight of the heavens for direction. Wilkins.— Not only the herbaceous and woody submarine plants, but a fo the lithophyta, affect this manner of growing. Ray. To SUBMERGE. v. a. [submerger, Fr. submergo, Lat.] To drown; to put under wa ter.- Só half my Ezypt was submerg'd. Shak. SUBMERSION. n. f. submerfion, Fr. from submersus, Latin.] The act of drowning; ftate of being drowned. The great Atlantick fland is mentioned in Plato's Timæus, almoft contiguous to the weftern parts of Spain and Africa, yet wholly fwallowed up by that ocean; which, if true, might afford a paffage from Africa to America by land before that submerfion. Hale. (1.) * To SUBMINISTER. v. n. (subminiftro, Latin.] To fubferve.-Paffions, as fire and water, are good fervants, but bad masters, and subminifter to the best and worft purposes. L'Efr. (2.) To SUBMINISTER. v. a. To fupply; To SUBMINISTRATE. to afford. A word not much in ufe.-Even the inferiour animals have subminiftred unto man the invention of many things. Hale-Nothing subminiftrates apter matter to be converted into peftilent feminaries, than fteams of salty folks. Harvey. SUBMINISTRATION, n. f. {from subministrate.] The act of fupplying. Afb. *SUBMISS. adj. [from submiffus, Lat.] Hum. ble; fubmiffive; obfequious.-King James, mol. lified by the bishop's submifs and eloquent letters, wrote back, that he fhould not be fully satisfied except he soake with him. Bacon. Nearer his prefence, Adam, though not aw'd, Yet with fubmifs approach, and rev'rence meek, As to a fuperior nature, bowed low. Milton. In adoration at his feet I feil Submifs: he rear'd me. Milton. (1.) SUBMISSION. n f. [soumiffion, French; from submiffus, Latin.] 1. Delivery of himleif to the power of another. Submiffion, Dauphin! 'tis a mere French word, VOL. XXI. PART II. We English warriors wot not what it means. Shak. 2. Acknowledgment of inferiority or dependance; humble or suppliant behaviour.- In all submiffion and humility, York doth prefent himself. Shak. Great prince, by that submifion you'll gain more Than e'er your haughty courage won. Halifax. 3. Acknowledgment of a fault; confeffion of errour.-Be not as extreme in submiffion, as in or fence. Shak. 4. Obfequioufnefs; refignation; obedience.-No duty in religion is more juftly required by God Almighty, than a perfect submiffion to his will. Temple. (2.) SUBMISSION, in Scots law. See Law, Part IV. Chap. III. Se&t. III. § 15. * SUBMISSIVE. adj. [submiffus, Lat.] Humble; testifying submition or interiority.— On what submissive mellage art thou fent? Shak. Her at his feet submifive in distress He thus with peaceful words uprais'd. Milton. With a submifive step 1 hafted down. Prior SUBMISSIVELY. adv. [from submissive.] Humbly; with confeflion of inferiority.— The goddess, Soft in her tone, submissively replies. Dryden. But fpeech ev'n there submissively withdraws From rights of subjects. Paper * SUBMISSIVENESS. n. f. [from_submissive.} Humility; confeffion of fault, or interiority. Frailty gets pardon by submifiveness. Herbert. SUBMISSLY. adv. [from submifs.]_Humbly; with fubmiffion.-Humility confifts, not in wear ing mean cloaths, and going foftiy and submifsly, but in a mean opinion of thyfelf. Taylor. (1.) * To SUBMIT. v. a. (soumettre, Fr, submitto, Latin.] 1. To let down; to fink.Sometimes the hill submits itself a while In fmail defcents. Dryden. Neptune ftood, With all his hofts of waters at command, Beneath them to submit th' officious flood. Dryden. 2. To subject; to refign without refistance to authority.-Return to thy mistress, and submit thy feif. Gen. xvi. 9.-Chriftian people submit themfelves. White. Will ye submit your neck? Milton. 3. To leave to difcretion; to refer to judgment. Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. Swift. Milton. (2.) * To SUBMIT. v. n. To be fubje&t; to acquiefce in the authority of another; to yield. To thy husband's will Thine thall submit. -Our religion requires from us, not only to forego pleasure, but to submit to pain, difgrace, and even death. Rogers. SUBMONTORIUM, an ancient town of Germany, in Vindelicia; now called AUGSBURG. (1.) SUBMULTIPLE. n. f. A submultiple number or quantity is that which is contained in another number, a certain number of times exactly: thus 3 is submultiple of 21, as being contained in it seven times exactly. Harris. Uuu (2.) Suз (2.) SUBMULTIPLE, in geometry, &c.coincides with an aliquot part. and elegant.-If I have fubordinated picture an feu pture to architecture as their mistress, so there are other inferior arts fubordinate to them. Wotton. * SUBORDINATELY. adv. {trom jubordi. nate.] In a feries regularly defcending.-It being the highest step of ill, to which all others fubordinately tend, one would think it could be capable of no improvement. Decay of Piety. (3.) SUBMULTIPLE RATIO is that between the quantity contained and the quantity containing. Thus the ratio of 3 to 21 is fubmultiple. In both cafes fubmultiple is the reverfe of mulitiple: 21, e.gr. being a multiple of 3, and the ratio of 22 to 3 a multiple ratio. (1.) SUB-MURIAT, n. f. a weak MURIAT. (2.) SUB-MURIAT OF QUICKSILVER. See PHARMACY. Index. SUBNASCENT, adj. [ fub and nafcor, Lat. to he horn.] Growing or fpringing out underanother. Ash. SUBNERVARE, . a. in old records, to hamftring. Afh. TO SUBNERVATE, v. a. [from sub and nervus, Lat. a nerve.] To hamftring; to cut the finews. Afb, (1.) SUBNORMAL. adj. fub and norma, Latin, a rule. Belonging to that point in the axis of a curvilinear space, which is interfected by a perpendicular to a tangent drawn from any given point in the curve. (2) SUBNORMAL, n. the perpendicular to the tangent of a curve intercepting the axis. *SUBORDINATION. n f. fubordination, Fr. from subordinate.] 1. The ftate of being inferior. to another. Nor can a council national decide, But with fubordination to her guide. Dryden. 2. A feries regularly defcending.-The natural creatures having a local fubordination, the rational having a political, and fometimes a facred. Holyday. 3. Place of rank.-If we would fuppofe a miniftry, where every fingle perfon was of diftinguifhed piety, and all great officers of ftate and law diligent in chooting perfons, who in their feveral subordinations would be obliged to follow the examples of their superiors, the empire of irreligion would be foon destroyed. Swift. *T SUBORN. v. a. [fuborner, Fr. fuborno, SUBOCTAVE. Į adj. [ fub and octavus, Lat. Latin.] 1. To procure privately; to procure by SUBOCTUPLE. and ocuple. Containing fecret collufion.-His judges were the feif-fame men by whom his accufers were fuborned. Hooker. Thou art fuborn'd against his honour In hatelui practice. Shak Reafon may meet Milton. Tears fuborn'd fall dropping from his eyes. one part of eight.-As one of thefe under pulleys SUBORDINACY. } n. f. [from fubordinate.] * SUBORDINANCY. Subordinary is the proper and analogical word. 1. The state of being fubject.-Pursuing the imagination through all its extravagancies, is no improper method of bringing it to act in fubordinacy to reason. Spec. 2. Series of fubordination.-The fubordinancy of the government changing hands fo often, makes an unfteadinefs in the pursuit of publick interefts. Temple. SUBORDINARIES. See HERALDRY, Chap. III. Se&. II. Prior. Those who by despair fuborn their death. Dryden. (1.) * SUBORNATION. n. f. [ fubornation, Fr. from fuborn. The crime of procuring any to do a bad action.-Thomas earl of Defmond was, through falfe fubornation of the queen of Edward IV. brought to his death at Tredagh most unjustly. Spenler. For his fake wear the detefted blot Shak The fear of punishment in this life will pref-rve men from few vices, fince fome of the blackeft often prove the fureft fteps to favour; fuch as ingratitude, hypocrify, treachery, and subornation. Swift. (2.) SUBORNATION, in English law, a fecret, *SUBORDINATE. adj. [fub and ordinatus, underhand, preparing, inftructing, or bringing in Latin.] Inferiour in order; in nature; in dignity a falfe witnefs; and from hence fubornation of peror power. It was fubordinate, not enflaved to the jury is the preparing or corrupt alluring to perunderstanding. South-Whether dark prefages of jury. The punishment for the crime was formerthe night proceed from any latent power of the ly death, then banifhment or cutting out the foul, or from any operation of fubordinate fuirits, tongue, afterwards forfeiture of goods; and it is has been a dispute. Addison. 2. Descending in a now a fine and imprisonment, and never more to regular feries. The two armies were affigned to be received as evidence. The ftatute 2 Geo. II. the leading of two generals, rather courtiers than c. 25. fuyeradded a power for the court to order martial men, yet affifted with Jubordinate com- the offender to be fent to the house of correction manders of great experience. Bacon.for a term not exceeding seven years, or be tranf. ported for the fame period. His next fubordinate Awak'ning, thus to him in fecret (pake. Milt. -The feveral kinds and subordinate species of each are easily diftinguished. Woodavard.. (3.) SUBORNATION, in Scottish Law. See Law, Part III. Chap. III. Se&. IV. § 35. SUBORNER. 1. f. [fuborneur, Fr. from fu born.] One that procures a bad action to be * To SUBORDINATE. v. a. [ sub and ordino, Lat♫ To range under another. Not in ufe, but proper done. SUBOTA |