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be the produce of a species of laurus. Linnæus detected this error: but he committed another; for he tells us, that it is furnished by a fhrub which, in the country where it grows, is called eroton bezoe; and afterwards, in his Supplementum Plantarum, defcribes the fame plant a fecond tire under the name of terminalia benzoin. This tree, which is a native of Sumatra, is deemed in fix years of fafficient age for affording the benzoin, or when its trunk acquires about 7 or 8 inches in diameter; the bark is then cut through longitudinally, or fomewhat obliquely, at the origin of the principal lower branches, from which the drug exudes in a liquid state, and by exposure to the fun and air foon concretes, when it is fcraped off from the bark with a knife or chifel. The quantity of benzoin which one tree affords never exceeds 3 lb. nor are the trees found to sustain the effects of these annual incifions longer than 10 or 12 years. The benzoin which iffues first from the wounded bark is the pureft, being foft, extremely fragrant, and very white; that which is lefs efteemed is of a brownish colour, very hard, and mixed with various impurities, which it acquires during its long continuance upon the trees. Ef chellkron diftinguishes benzoin into three kinds viz. camayan poeti, or white benjamin, which, upon being melted in a bladder by the heat of the fun, appears marked with red ftreaks or veins. Camayan bamatia is lefs white than the former, and often spotted with white circles, called eyes, from the number of which its goodness is eftimat ed: it likewife melts by the heat of the fun. Camayan itam, or black benjamin, which requires to be melted in hot water for its prefervas tion in bladders. In Arabia, Perfia, and other parts of the Eaft, the coarfer kinds of benjamin are confumed for fumigating and perfuming the temples, and for deftroying infects. The benzoin which we find here in the shops is in large brittle maffes, compoled partly of white, partly of yellowish or light brown, and often aifo of darker coloured pieces: that which is cleareft, and contains the moft white matter, calied by authors benzoe amygdaloides, is accounted the best. This refin has very little tafte, impreffing on the palate only a flight fweetnefs: its fmell, efpecially when rubbed or heated, is extremely fragrant and a greeable. It totally diffolves in rectified spirit, (the impurities excepted, which are generally in a very finall quantity), into a deep yellowish red liquor, and in this ftate difcovers a degree of warmth and pungency, as well as fweetness. It imparts, by digeftion, to water also a confiderable fhare of its fagrance, and a flight pungency: the filtered liquor, gently exhaled, leaves not a refine ous or mucilaginous extract, but a cryftalline matter, feemingly of a faline nature, amounting to one-tenth or one-eighth of the weight of the ben. zoin. Expofed to the fire in proper veffels, it yields a quantity of a white faline concrete, called flores benzoes, of an acidulous tafte and gratefui odour, foluble in rectified fpirit, and in wa ter by the affiftance of heat. The principal ufe of this fragrant refin is in perfumes, and as a cofmetic; for which laft purpose, a folution of it in fpirit of wine is mixed with fo much water as is VOL. XXI. PART II.

fufficient to render it milky, as twenty times its quantity or more. It promifes, however, to be applicable to other ufes. and to approach in virtue, as in fragrance to ftorax and balfam of Tolu. It is faid to be of great fervice in diforders of the breaft, for refolving obftructions of the pulmonary vellel, and promoting expectoration in which intentions the flowers are fometimes given, from three or four grains to fifteen. The white pow der, precipitated by water from folutions of the benzoin Lipirit, has been employed by fome as fimilar and fuperior to the flowers, but appears to be little other than the pure benzoin in fubstance: it is not the faline, but the refinous matter of the benzoin, that is moft difpofed to be precipitated from spirit by water. The flowers, fuffed up the note, are faid to be a powerful errhine.

2. STYRAX GRANDE FOLIUM, Į thefe are men3. STYRAX LÆVIGATUM; tioned by Aiton,

in his Hotus Kesenfis, or Garden of Kew.

4. STYRAX OFFICINALE the officinal Storax, is the only fpecies mentioned by Linnæus. It ufually rifes above 20 feet high; it fends off many ftrong branches, which are covered with a roughish bark of a grey colour: the leaves are broad, elliptical, entire, fomewhat pointed, on the upper furface fmooth, and of a light green colour, on the under furface covered with a whitish down; they are placed alternately, and stand upon short footftalks: the flowers are large, white, and difpofed in clufters upon fhort peduncles, which terminate the branches: the corolla is monopetalous, funnelfhaped, divided at the limb into five lance-shaped fegments: the filaments are ten, placed in a regular circle, and feem to adhere towards the bafe : the antheræ are erect and oblong: the germen is oval, and fupports a flender ftyle, with a fimple ftigma: the fruit is a pulpy pericarpium, which contains one or two nuts of an oval compreffed figure. The refinous drug called STORAX iffues in a fluid ftate from incifions made in the trunk or branches of the tree. Two forts of this refin have been commonly distinguished in the fhops. 1. Storax in the tear is fcarcely, if ever, found in feparate tears, but in mafies, fometimes compofed of whitish and pale reddish brown tears, and fometimes of an uniform reddith yellow or brownifh appearance; unctuous and foft like wax, and free from vifible impurities. This is fuppofed to be the fort which the ancients received from Pamphylia in reeds or canes, and which was thence named calamita. 2. Common Storax: in large maffes, confiderably lighter and lefs compact than the former, and having a large admixture of woody matter like faw-duft. This appears to be the kind intended by the London college, as they direct their ftyrax calamita to be purified, for medicinal use, by foftening it with boiling water, and pretling it out from the feces betwixt warm iron plates; a procefs which the first fort does not ftand in need of. And indeed there is rarely any other than this impure ftorax to be met with in the fhops. Storax, with fome of the ancients, was a familiar remedy as a refolvent, and particularly used in catarrhal complaints, coughs, afthmas, menftrual obftructions, &c. and from its

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affinity to the balfams it was alfo preferibed in ulcerations of the lungs, and other states of pulmonary confumptions. And our pharmacopoeias formerly directed the pilula eftyrace; but this odoriferous drug has now no place in any of the officinal compounds; and though a medicine which might feem to promife fome efficacy in nervous debilities, yet by modern practitioners it is almoft totally difregarded. See LIQUIDAMBAR

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STYTHY. n. f. See *To STYTHY. v. a. [See STITHY.] To forge on an anvil.

By the forge that Aythy'd Mars his helm, I'll kill thee every where, yea, o'er and o'er.

circle of the Lower Rhine and Alface; on the 5. by Switzerland; and on the E. by the circle of Bavaria. Of all the circles of the empire, Suabia is the most divided; it contains 4 ecclefiaftic and 13 lay principalities, 19 independent prelacies and abbeys, 26 earldoms and lordships, and 31 free cities. The prime directors of the circle are the bishop of Conftance and the duke of Wirtemberg. The duke has the fole direction of all that relates to war. The mixture of the various forms of government and religious fects; the oppreffion exercifed by the great on the poor; the game conftantly played by the emperor, who poffeffes many pieces of detached country in Suabia, which depend not on the circle, aud can, in consequence of his privileges as archduke of Auftria, extend his poffeffions in it by various ways; are circumftances (fays baron Riefbeck) which give the cultivation of the country, and the character of the in habitants, a moft extraordinary caft. In feveral of the poft towns where you ftop, you fee the highest degree of cultivation in the midst of the moft favage wildnefs; a great degree of knowledge and polifh of manners, mixed with the groffeft ignorance and fuperftition: traces of liberty, under the deepeft oppreffion; national pride, together with the contempt and neglect of the native coun try; in fhort, all the focial qualities in ftriking contraft and oppofition to each other. Those parts of Suabia which belong to the great potentates, fuch as Wirtemberg, Auftria, and Baden, are certainly the moft improved. The whole of Suabia may comprehend about nine hundred Ger man fquare miles, and two millions of people. More than half of these are subjects of the three a bove mentioned princes, though they are not proprietors of near one half of the lands. Such at leaft was Suabia before the late Revolutionary War. But it fuffered fome changes by the war, and the division of indemnities. See REVOLUTION, § VIII.

Shak. (1.) STYX, in mythology, a celebrated river of hell, round which it flows nine times. The gods held the waters of the Styx in fuch veneration, that to fwear by them was reckoned an oath a together inviolable. If any of the gods had perjured themselves, Jupiter obliged them to drink the waters of the Styx, which lulled them for one whole year into a fenfelefs ftupidity, for the 9 following years they were deprived of the ambrofia and the nectar of the gods, and after the expiration of the years of their punishment, they were restored to the affembly of the deities, and to all their original privileges. It is faid that this veneration was fhown to the Styx, because it received its name from the nymph STYX, who with her 3 daughters affifted Jupiter in his war against the Titans. (See N° 2.) Styx was a river which it was neceffary for departed fhades to pafs before they could enter the infernal regions; and it was the office of Charon to ferry them over in a boat which was kept for that purpofe. The ghotts of thofe who had not been honoured with the rites of fepulture were obliged to wander 100 years before Charon could admit them into his boat to convey them before the judges of Hades. Mythological writers have faid, that the Greeks learned it from the Egyptians, which is indeed probable enough; that the Egyptians framed both this, and fome other fables relating to the dead, from certain customs peculiar to their country; that in particular there was, not far from Memphis, a famous burying-place, to which the dead bodies were conveyed in a boat aerofs the iake Acherufia; and that Charon was a boatman who had long officiated in that fervice. The learned Dr Blackweil fays, in his life of Homer, that, in the old Egyptian language, Charoni fignified "ferryman."

(2.) STYX, a fea nymph, daughter of Oceanus and Teilus. She married the giant PALLAS, fon of Crius and Eurybia, by whom she had 3 daughters ail Goddeffes, VICTORY, STRENGTH and VALOUR. She and her daughters affifted Jupiter against the Giants; and he gave name to the infernal river (N° 1.) by which the Gods fwore.

SUABIA, or SWABIA, a circle of Germany, bounded on the N. by the circle of Franconia and that of the Lower Rhine; on the W. by the

SUABIANS, the natives of SUABIA. SUADA, the goddefs of perfuafion; among the Romans; called Pitho by the Greeks. SUANE, or SOANA. See SOANA, N° 2. SUANES, SOANES, a people of Afia, who SUANETI, inhabit one of the 4 divifions of SUANI, or Imeritia. They are chiefly employed in agriculture and rearing cattle. Major Rennell fuppofes them to be the defcendants of a people of the same name and country, mention. ed by Strabo. They were then a numerous and powerful nation, governed by a king and national council of 300. They collected gold in their ri vers, washed down from the mountains, by finking fheep skins in them, with the wool uppermeft; whence Strabo derives the origin of the fable of the Golden Fleece. See ARGO, ARGONAUTS, COLCHIS, and MINGRELIA.

SUAQUEM. See SAQUEM.
SUARA, a town of Etruria.

SUARDONES, an ancient nation of Germany. Tacitus de Germ. 40.

SUARES, or Francis, a Spanish Jefuit, born SUAREZ, in Granada 5th Jan. 1548. He was profeffor of theology at Alcala, Salamanca, Rome, and Coimbra in Portugal. He died at Lisbon in 1617, with great ease and refignation.

of univerfal ideas, which may either be confidered as a genus or fpecies, is called fubalterns, Watts. * SUBALTERNATE. adj. [fubalternus, Lat.] Succeeding by turns. Dia.

His memory was aftonishing, he could repeat the whole of his voluminous works by heart. His writings fill 23 folio volumes, moftly on theological and moral fubjects. His Treatife of Laaus has been reprinted in this country. His Defence of the Catholic Faith against the Errors of England was written at the requeft of pope Paul V. This book was publicly burnt at London by order of James I.

SUASA, an ancient town of Umbria. * SUASIBLE. adj. [from fuadeo, Lat.] be perfuaded.

Easy to SUASIVE. adj. [from fuadeo, Lat.] Having power to perfuade.-It had the paffions in perfect fubjection: though its command over them was but fuafive. South.

SUASORY. adj. [fuaforius, Lat.]' Having'ten dency to perfuade.

SUAVITY. . f. [fuavité, Fr.fuavitas, Lat.] 1. Sweetness to the fenfes.-She defired them for rarity, pulchritude, and suavity. Brown. 2. Sweet

nefs to the mind.

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SUBACID. adj. fub and acidus, Lat.] Sour in a small degree.-The juice of the ftem is like the chyle in the animal body, and is commonly fubacid in all plants. Arbuthnot.

* SUBACRID. adj. [fub and acrid.] Sharp and pungent in a fmall degree.-The green choler of a cow tafted sweet, bitter, subacrid, or a little pungent. Floyer.

*To SUBACT: v. a. [ fuba&tus, Lat.] To reduce; to fubdue.-Tangible bodies have no plea fure in the confort of air, but endeavour to fuba& it into a more denfe body. Bacon.

* SUBACTION. n. f. [suba&us, Lat.] The act of reducing to any ftate, as of mixing two bodies completely, or beating any thing to a very fmall powder.-There are of concoction two periods: the one affimilation, or abfolute converfion and suba&ion; the other maturation. Bacon. SUBAH, n.. the general name of the viceroyfhips, or greater governments, into which the Mogul empire was divided, confifting of feveral provinces.

SUBAHDAR, n. f. the viceroy, lord lieutenant, or governor holding a fubah; the fame as nabob or nazim. Alfo the black commander of a company of Seapoys.

SUBAHDAREE, orn.. the jurifdiction of SUBAHSHIP, fubahdar; the fame with nizamut.

*SUBALTERN. adj. [fubalterne, Fr.] Inferiour; fubordinate that which in different refpects is both fuperiour and inferiour. It is ufed of all officers below a captain.

Love's fubalterns, a duteous band, Like watchmen round their chief appear. Prior. -There had like to have been a duel between two fubalterns. Addifon.-One, while a fubaltern officer, was every day complaining against the pride of colonels towards their officers.-This fort

* SUBASTRINGENT. adj. [fub and aftringent. Aftringeat in a small degree.

SUBATRII, an ancient nation of Germany, whom Drufus defeated, and triumphed over. Strabo, 7.

* SUBBEADLE. n.. [fub and beadle.] An un der beadle.-They ought not to execute thofe precepts by fimple meffengers, or jubbeadles. Ayl. SUBBIACO, a town of Italy, in the Campagna of Rome, on the Teveron; 33 miles E. of Rome.

SUBCELESTIAL. adj. [sub and celestial.] Placed beneath the heavens.-The moft refined glories of fubceleftial excellencies are but mere faint resemblances of thefe. Glanville.

* SUBCHANTER. n. f. [sub and chanter; fuccentor, Latin.] The deputy of the precentor in a cathedral.

(1.)* SUBCLAVIAN. adj. [fub and clavus, Latin.] Subclavian is applied to any thing under the arm-pit or fhoulder, whether artery, nerve, vein, or muscle. Quincy.-The liver, though feated on the right fide, yet, by the subclavian divifion, doth equi-diftantly communicate its activity into either arm. Brown.-The chyle first mixeth with the blood in the fubclavian vein. Arbuthnot.

(2.) SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES. See ANATOMY, Index.

SUBCLAVIUS. See ANATOMY, § 207. *SUBCONSTELLATION. n. f. [sub and conftellation.] A fubordinate or fecondary confteilation.-As to the picture of the seven stars, if thereby be meant the Pleiades, or fubconstellation upon the back of Taurus, with what congruity they are described in a clear night an ordinary eye may difcover. Brown.

* SUBCONTRACTED. part. adj. [sub and contracted.] Contracted after a former contract.-I bar it in the intereft of my wife; 'Tis the is fubcontracted to this lord.

Shak.

(1.) SUBCONTRARY, adj. [sub and contrary.] Contrary in an inferiour degree.-If two particular propofitions differ in quality, they are fubcontraries: as, fome vine is a tree; fome vine is not a tree. Watts.

(2.) SUBCONTRARY POSITION, in geometry, is when two equiangular triangles are so placed, as to have one common angle at the vertex, and yet their bafes not parallel; confequently the, angles at the bases are equal, but on the contrary fides. * SUBCUTANEOUS. adj. [fub and cutaneous.] Lving under the skin.

(1.)* SUBDEACON. n. f. [subdeaconus, Lat.J In the Romish church they have a fubdeacon, who is the deacon's fervant. Ayliffe.

(2.) SUB-DEACON, an interior minifter, who anciently attended the altar, prepared the facred veffels, delivered them to the deacons in time of divine fervice, attended the doors of the church during communion fervice, went on the bishop's embaffies with his letters or meffages to foreign churches, and was invefted with the first of the holy orders. They were fo fubordinate to the fuperior rulers of the church, that, by a canon of

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the council of Laodicea, they were forbidden to it in the prefence of a deacon without his leave. According to the canons, a perfon must be 22 years of age to be promoted to the order of fubdeacon. See DEACON, 3.

• SUBDEAN. 2. f. {fubdecanus, Lat.] The ricegerent of a dean.-Whenever the dean and chap ter confirm any act, the dean inuft join in perfon, and not in the perfon of a deputy or fubdean only. Ayliffe.

SUBDECUPLE. adj. [fub and decuplus, Lat.] Containing one part of ten.

SUBDELEGATE, (from the verb.] adj, and n. f. Appointed to act under another; or one who is fo. Afb.

TO SUBDELEGATE, v. a. [from sub and delego, Lat. to affign.] To appoint to act under one's felf, or another. Ajh.

SUBDELEGATION, n. f. from fubdelegate.] Appointment to act under another. Ash.

SUBDERISORIOUS, adj. [fub and derifor.] Scoffing or ridiculing with tenderness and delica cy. Not ufed.-This Jubderiforious mirth is far from giving any offence to us. More.

SUBDITITIOUS. adj. [fubdititius, Latin.] Put fecretly in the place of fomething elfe. *To SUBDIVERSIFY. v. a. [Sub and dive fiTo diverfify again what is aiready diverfied. The fame wool one man felts into a hat, another weaves it into cloth; and thefe varioufly fubdiverfified according to the fancy of the artificer. Hale.

To SUBDIVIDE. v. a. [ fubdivifer, French; Juh and divide.] To divide a part into yet more parts. If you fubdivide that into haif notes, as in the ftops of a lute, it maketh the number thirteen. Bacon.When Brutus and Caffius were overthrown, foon after Antonius and Octavianus brake and fubdivided. Bacon.

The glad father glories in his child, When be can fubdivide a fraction. Rofcommon. --When the progemes of Cham and Japhet warm. ed into colonies, and thofe colonies were fubdivided into many others, in time their defcendants Toft the primitive rites of divine wolfhip. Dryden. SUBDIVINE. adj. [sub and divine.] Divine in a fubordinate degree. A.

*SUBDIVISION. n. f. [subdivision, Fr. from fubdivide.. The act of fubdividing.-When a ny of the parts of any idea are farther divided, in order to a clear explication of the whole, this is called a fubdivifion. Watts. 2. The parts diftinguished by a fecond divifion.-How can we fee fuch a multitude of fouls caft under fo many fub divifions of mifery, without reflecting on the abfurdity of a government that facrifices the happinefs of fo many reasonable beings to the glory of one? Addifon. In the decimal table the fubdivifans of the cubit, as fpan, palm, and digit, are deduced from the fhorter cubit. Arbuthnot.

*SUBDOLOUS. adj. [fubdolus, Latin.] Cun. ning; fubtle: fly.--

SUBDOMINANT. . . in music, a name given by M. Rameau to the fourth note of the tone, which of coniequence is the fame interval from the tonic when defcending as the dominant in the ng. This denomination aniles from the affinity

which this author finds by invertion between the minor mode of the fabdominant and the major mode of the tonic. See DOMINANT, § II, 1, 1; and Music, Part I, § 42.

* To SUBDUCE. Įv.a.{ fubduco, fubductus, Lat.] Țo SUBDUCT.) 1. To withdraw; to take away.

Or nature fail'd in me, and left some part
Not proof enough fuch object to luftam;
Or from my fide fubducing, took perhaps
More than enough.

Milton.

2. To fubtract by arithmetical operation.-If out of that fuppofed infinite multitude of antecedent generations we should fubduce ten, the refidue must be lefs by ten than it was before, and yet till the quotient must be infinite. Hale.

* SUBDUCTION. n. f. [from fubduct.] 1. The act of taking away.-They were kept in a state of immortality till that moment of the subduction. Hale. 2. Arithmetical progreffion.-Take the other operation of arithmetick, fubduction: if out of that supposed infinite multitude of antecedent generations we fhould fubduct ten, the residue must be lefs by ten than it was before that subduction. Hale.

* To SUBDUE. v. a. [from subdo, or fubjugo, Latin.] 1. To crush; to opprefs; to fink; to o verpower.

Nothing could have fubdu'd nature To fuch a lowness, but his unkind daughters, Shak. -Them that rofe up against me, hast thou subdued under me. 2 Sam. xx. 40.—

If aught were worthy to subdue The foul of man.

Milton.

2. To conquer; to reduce under a new dominion. —–Be fruitful, and replenish the earth, and subdue it. Gen. i. 28.-Augustus Cæfar fubdued Egypt.

Peacham.

Milton.

To overcome in battle, and subdue Nations, and bring home spois. The Romans made thofe times the standard of their wit, when they jubdued the world. Spratt. 3. To tame; to fubact; to break.

Nor is't unwholefome to fubdue the land, May, * SUBDUEMENT. n. s. [from fubdue.] Conqueft. A word not used, not worthy to be used. As hot as Perfeus, fpur thy Phrygian steed, Bravely defpifing forfeits and subduements. Shak, SUBDUER. n. J. [from fubdue. Conquerour; tamer.

Victor of gods, fubduer of mankind. Spenfer. Their curious eye Difcerns their great fubduer's awful mein, And correfponding features fair, Philips: Figs are great fubduers of acrimony. Arbuthnot. (1.)* SUBDUPLE. SUBDUPLICATE. adj. [fubduple, Fr. fub and duplus, Latin.] Containing one part of two.-As one of thefe under pulleys doth abate half of that heavinefs which the weight bath in itfelf, and caufe the power to be in a fubduple proportion unto it, fo two of them do abate half of that which remains. Wilkins.-The motion, generated by the forces in the whole paffage of the body or thing through that space, shall be in a Subduplicate proportion of the forces. Newton. (2.) SUBDUPLE RATIO, is when any number or

quantity

quantity is contained in another twice. Thus 3 is faid to be fubduple of 6, as 6 is duple of 3. See RATIO.

(1.) SUBDUPLICATE. See SUBDUPLE, $1. (2.) SUBDUPLICATE RATIO of any two quanti ties, is the ratio of their fquare roots. SUBER, the CORK-TREE. See QUERCUS, § 1, N° 14.

SUBERAS, Įn. f. [from fuber, the cork tree.] SUBERAT, A falt formed by the combination of the SUBERIC ACID, or Acid of Cork, with different bafes. "These falts," (fays Dr Thomson, in his Syft. of Chem. vol. iii. p. 434.) "have been defcribed with a good deal of detail, by BoUILLON LA GRANGE. They have in general a bitter tafte, and are decompofed by heat." The Dr defer bes 7 fpecies; viz.

1. "SUBERAT OF ALUMINA. This falt does not cryftallize. When its folution is evaporated by a moderate heat in a wide vessel, the salt obtained is of a yellow colour, tranfparent, having a ftyptic tafte, and leaving an impreffion of bitternefs on the tongue. When too much heat is employed it meits and blackens. It reddens the incture of turnfole, and attracts moisture from the air. Before the blow-pipe it fwells up, the acid is volatilized and decompofed, and nothing remains but the alumina."

2. "SUBERAT OF AMMONIA cryftallizes in paFallelopipeds. Its tafte is faitifh, and leaves au impreffion of bitterness. It reddens vegetable blues. It is very foluble in water. It attracts moisture from the air. When placed upon burn ing coals, it lofes its water of crystallization, and fwelis up; and before the blow-pipe it evaporates entirely. It is decomposed by the aluminous and magnefran falts."

3. "SUBERAT OF BARYTES does not cryftallize. Heat makes it swell up and meits it. It is fcarcely foluble in water except there be an excefs of acid. It is decompofed by most of the falts except the barytic falts, and the fluat of lime."

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4. SUBERAT OF LIME does not cryftallize. It is perfectly white: it has a faltish tafte: it does not redden the tincture of turnfole. It is very spa ringly foluble in water except when hot; and as the folution cools, most of the salt precipitates again. When placed upon burning coals it fwells up, the acid is decompofed, and there remains only the lime in the ftate of powder. It is decompofed by, 1. Muriat of alumina`; 2. Carbonats of potafs and foda; 3. Fiuat of magnesia; 4. Phofphats of alumina and fota; 5. Borat of potass; 6. All the metallic folutions."

5. "SUBERAT OF MAGNESIA is in the form of a powder: it reddens the tincture of turnfoie. It has a bitter tafte; it is foluble in water, and attracts fome moisture when expofed to the air, When heated, it fwells up and melts: before the blow-pipe the acid is decompofed, and the magnefia remains in a state of purity. It is decompofed by 1. Muriat and phosphat of alumina; 2. Ni. trats of lime and alumina; 3. Borat of potafs; 4. Fluat of foda."

6. "SUBERAT OF POTASS ought to be formed by means of cryftallized carbonat of potafs. It crystallizes in prisms, having 4 unequal fides. It bas a bitter faltish tafte, and it reddens vegetable

blues. It is very foluble in water. Caloric melts it, and at laft volatilizes the acid. It is decompofed by moft of the metallic falts, and by fulphat of alumina, muriat of alumina and of lime; nitrat of alumina and of lime; and phosphat of alumina."

7. "SUBERAT OF SODA does not crystallize. It reddens the tincture of turnfole. Its tafte is flightly bitter. It is very foluble in water and in alcohol. It attracts moisture from the air. Caleric produces the fame effect on it, that it does on fuberat of potafs. (N° 6.) It is decompofed by the calcareous, aluminous and magnefian falts."

(1.) SUBERIC, adj. [from Suber, Lat. the cork tree, Of or belonging to cork, or the cork tree; confifting of the effence of cork.

(2.) SUBERIC ACID, or the acid of Cork, one of the many new acids recently difcovered by the ingenuity of modern chemifts." CORK," (fay: the ingenious Dr Thomson, in his Syftem of Chem. ii. 140.) "a fubstance too well known to require any. defeription, is the bark of a tree, which bears the fame name. By means of nitric acid, BRUGNATALLI converted it into an acid, which has been called the Suberic Acid, from Suber." (See § 1.) "Several chemifts affirmed that this acid was the OXALIC, because it poffeffes feveral properties in common with it. Thefe affertions induced Bouillon La Grange to undertake a set of experiments on fuberic acid. Thefe experiments, which have been published in the 23d vol. of the Annales de Chimie, completely establish the peculiar nature of fuberic acid, by fhewing that it poffeffes properties different from those of any other acid. Suberic acid may be formed by pouring 6 parts of nitric acid of the specific gravity 1261 on one. part of cork grated down, or fimply broken down into small pieces, and diftilling the mixture with a gentle heat as long as red vapours continue to efcape. As the diftillation advances, a yellow matter like wax appears on the furface of the liquid. While the matter contained in the retort is hot, it is to be poured into a glass veffel, placed upon a fand-bath over a gentle fire, and constantly stirred with a glafs rod. By thefe means it becomes gradually thick. As foon as white vapours, exciting a tickling in the throat, begin to difengage themfelves, the veffel is removed from the bath, and the mafs continually stirred til it is almoft cold. By thefe means an orange-coloured mass is obtained of the confiftence of honey, of a ftrong and sharp odour while hot, but having a peculiar aromatic smell when cold. On this mats twice its weight of boiling water is to be poured, and heat applied till it becomes liquid; and the that part of it, which is infoluble in water, is to be feparated by filtration. The filtered siquor bccomes muddy; on cooling, it depotits a powdery fediment, and a thin pellicie forms on its furface. The fediment is to be feparated by filtration, and the liquor reduced to a dry mafs by evaporating in a gentle beat. This mafs is SUBERIC ACID. It is ftill a little coloured, owing to fome accidental mixture from which it may be purified, either by faturating it with potafs, and precipitating it by an acid, or by boiling it with charcoal powder. Suberic acid thus obtained is not cryftallizable, but, when precipitated from potafs by an acid,

it

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