(2.) STRATHMORE is alto particularly restricted to that portion of the above great valley, which is bounded by the Sidiaw hills on the S. Methven Castle, in Perthshire, on the W. the Grampians on the N. and Lawrence-kirk on the E. darraig, the feats of Meffrs Houston, Forbes, J. Forbes, and Anderfon. The most ancient edifice in the parish is the cattle of Curgarff, on the great road from Edinburgh to Fort George. said to have been a hunting feat of the Earl of Marr. It was burnt in 1571, by the Gordons, during the feuds between that clan and the Forbefes. It was after wards repaired and purchased by government in 1745, for a fmail garrifon. It is now occupied by a party of invalids. The hills of Curgarff bound with game, and are much frequented in the proper feafons by sportsmen. (3.) STRATHMORE, a river of Sutherlandfire, which falls into Loch Hope. The ruins of an ancient fort called Dornadilla are on its banks. STRATHNAIRN, a valley in the county of Nairn. See NAIRN, N° 1. STRATHNAVER, or a fubdivifion or dif STRATHNAVERN,trict of the county of STRATHEARN, a beautiful and extenfive val- Sutherland; fo named from the NAVER; boundkey in Perthshire, bounded on the N. by the loftyed on the N. by the ocean, on the E. by CaithGRAMPIANS, and on the S. by the OCHILS, which nefs, on the S. by Sutherland properly fo cailed, are rounded on the top and covered with verdure. and on the W. partly by Rofs and partly by the It is called Strathearn from the EARN, which runs ocean. See SUTHERLAND. through the middle of it from W. to E. for about 30 miles. See CRIEFF, No 2. and ERNE, N° 2. STRATHERIN, a valley in Morayshire. STRATHERNE. See STRATHEARN. STRATHERROCK, a valley of Inverness-fhire. STRATHFILI AN, a valley of Perththire, reaching from the W. end of Strathearn to the borders of Argyllshire; famous for a facred spring, on a hili, dedicated to St Fillan, celebrated for its cures, and still frequented by the fuperftitious. See DUN-FHAOLAIN. STRATHFLEET, a valley of Sutherlandfhire. STRATHGARTNEY, a valley in Perthshire. STRATHMARTIN, a parish of Angus-fhire, in Strathdighty, about 2 miles fquare. The furface is nearly level; the foil light and fandy. It is the property of Capt. Laird of Strathmartin, and of Walter Ogilvie, Efq. of Tuilidelph-hali; who have inclofed and hishiy improved their eftates; and the former has built an elegant manfion-houfe on the fite of the old caffle. On Clatts Moor, in the W. part of the parish, are relics of a camp, fuppofed to have been occupied by the army of AGRICOLA, and afterwards by thofe of Sir W. WALLACE, and Gen. Monk. The population, in 1795, was 340; the decrease 28, fince 1755. But in 1796, this parish was united to that of MAINS OF FINTRY; (fee that article ;) and in 1801, the total population of both was 1442; from which deducting 1218, the amount of both in 1795, the total increase of both is 224 fince 1795. (1.) STRATHMIGLO, a parish of Fifeshire, about 44 miles long, and 34 broad; feated on the rivulet Migio, which runs into the EDEN. The furface is partly flat, partly hilly, and the foil is various; but a great part is inclufed, and the whole is well cultivated. The population, in 1791, was 980; the decreafe 115, fince 1755. (2.) STRATHMIGLO, a village in the above parifh, containing about zco inhabitants, 4 miles from Faikiand, and 15 from Cupar of Fife, on the road from Cupar to Kinrofs. (1.) STRATHMORE, (Gael. i. e. the Great Valley. a valley of Scotland, which nearly croffes the kingdom from STONEHAVEN On the E, to COWALL in Argylidhire on the W. It is bounded on the N. by the GRAMPIANS, and on the S. by the SIDLAW, the OCHIL, and the LENNOX hills. The whore valley is picafint and fertile; being interfperfed with many towns, gta, and elegant gentlemen's feats. VOL. XXI. PAKT II, STRATHPEFFER, a beautiful valley of Scot land, in Refs-fhire, near Dingwall. It has a famous mineral spring called the Well of Strathheffer, the water of which is ftrongly impregnated with fulphurated hydrogen gas. STRATHPAILLAN. See STRATHFILLAN. STRATHSPEY, an extenfive valley and dif trict of Scotland, in the counties of Moray and Inverness, watered by the Spey, and celebrated for its great forefts of fir; belon, ing to the D. of Gordon and Sir James Grant of Grant ; the woof of which is floated down the river in great quan tities. See SPEY, N° 1. It gives name to a colebrated Scottish reel. STRATHSWORDLE. See STRATH, N° 2. (1.) STRATHY, a river of Scotland, in Sutherland hire, which rifes from the Lake, (N° 4.) and falls into the North fea at STRATHY BAY. (2.) STRATHY BAY, a bay on the coaft of Su* therlar dhire, formed by the mouth of the Strathy, and the Cape, N° 31 (3.) STRATHY HEAD, a promontory of Suthera landfhire, which forms the W. boundary of STRATHY BAY. (4.) STRATHY, Locн, a lake of Sutherlandh. which gives rife to the STRATHY, N° 1. STRATHYLA, a diftrict of Banffhire, often contracted in pronunciation to STRYLA. To STRATIFY. v. v. a. [ftratifier, Fr. from ras tum, Lat. To range in beds or layers. A chymical term. STRATIOTES, WATER SOLDIER, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the clafs of polye andria, and to the order of besagynia; and in the natural fyftem ranging under the fift order, pal me. The fpatha is diphyllous: the perianthium is trifid. There are 3 petais, and the berry is fixcelled and inferior. There are 3 species; 1. STRATIOTES ACOROIDES; 2. STRATIOTES ALISMOIDES; and 3. STRATIOTES ALOIDES, which alone is of British extraction, which is alfo called the quater aloe, or FRESH-WATER SOLDIER. The root confitts of long fibres tufted at the ends. The leaves are thick, triangular, pointed, and prickly at the edges. The flowers are white and footing on the water, and bloilom in June. This plant may be feen in flow rivers and fens. STRATO, a philofopher of Lampfacus, di cipe and fucceffor in the school of Theophrafisg about A. A. C. 243. He applied hilelt with un STR (474) common industry to the ftudy of nature; but after the moft mature investigations, he fupported that nature was inauimate, and that there was no god but nature. (See PLASTIC NATURE.) He was preceptor to Ptolemy Philadelphus, who revered his abilities and learning, and rewarded his labours with unbounded liberality. He wrote different treatifes, all now loft. STRATONICE, the beautiful daughter of De. metrius Poliorcetes, and the wife firft of Scieucus Nicator king of Syria, and afterwards of his fon, Antiochus Soter, with his fuil confent. The circumstances of the cafe were extraordinary, and if any thing could justify fuch an incestuous connection, they were indeed fuch. Antiochus fell. fick and was at the point of death to the great grief of his father, but the caufe of his illness was unknown; till Eratiftratus, the phyician, ohferving his puife to beat high every time his ftepmother came into his room, immediately gueffed. the caufe. Upon his putting the question to him, Antiochus confeffed what he had hitherto concealed, his affeion for his ftep-mothor. Selea cus willing to fave his fon and heir, yielded up his wife, and they were regularly maried. And thus Stratonice became the progenitrix of that impious race of princes, who afterwards fo cruelly perfecuted the Jews. (See JEWS, and SYRIA.) But allowing for Seleucus's total ignorance of the divine law, his paternal affection and generofity in fo readily yielding up his wife to fave his fon, appear almost an act of virtue. At least it affords a ftriking contrast to the conduct of a Chriftian Prince in modern times, (if a Chriflian we may cali him, who murdered his fubjects by millions for their religion,) Philip II. of Spain, who after his fon Prince Charles had feen and was betrothed to the Princess Elizabeth of France, whofe affection for him was mutual, had the monitrous barbarity to feparate the lovers, to mary the princefs himfelf, and then to murder his fon, the prince, because he repined at his villany. See PHILIP II. STRATONICEA, an ancient city of Afia, built by Seleucus and fo named by him in honour of STRATONICE. It is now called ESKI-HISSAR. STRATONICI, the followers of STRATO; an ancient atheistical fect. See HYLOZOISTS. STRATTON, a town of England, in Cornwall, feated between 2 rivulets, which unite below it, and fall into the fea foon after. It is 18 miles NNW. of Launceston, and 221 WSW. of London. Lon. 4. 43. W. Lat. 50. 55. N. (1.) * STRATUM. n. f. [Latin.] A bed; a layer. A term of philofophy.-Another was found in a perpendicular fiffure of a stratum of Atone. Woodward. Drill'd through the fandy stratum ev'ry way The waters with the fandy stratum nie. Thomfon. (2.) STRATUM. See the plur. STRATA. STRAUBING, a town of Germany, in Lower Bavaria, on the Danube, with a caftle. It was built by Lewis, D. of Bavaria, in 1208; but in. 1188 and 1392, it was burnt. In 1742 it was cannonaded by the Auftrians; and in 1743 fur. rendered by capitulation; but reftored in 1745. It has 2 churches and 4 convents; and lies 22 miies SE- of / Ratifbon, and 65 NE. of Munich, * STRAW. n. j. [streosu, Saxon; stroo, Dutch.), I can counterfeit the deep tragedian, Tremble and start at wagging of a straw. Shak. Plate fin with gold, And the strong lance of justice hurtlefs breaks; Arm it in rags, a pigmy's straw doth pierce it. Apples in hay and straw ripened apparently; but the apple in the straw more. Bacon.Shak. z. My new straw hat, that's trimly lin❜d with green, Let Peggy wear. More light he treads, more tall he feems to Gay. rife, And ftruts a straw-breadth nearer to the skies. Any thing proverbially worthlefs.-- Tickel 'Tis not a straw matter whether the main cause Of which I will not bate one straw. Hudibras. be right or wrong. L'Estrange. A piant. Miller:(1.) * STRAWBERRY. n. f. [fragaria, Lat.} On wildings and on strawberries they fed. -Strawberries, by their fragrant fmell, seem to be cordial: the feeds obtained by fhaking the ripe Dryden. fruit in winter, are an excellent remedy againft the ftone. The juice of strawberries and lemons in fpring-water is an excellent drink in bilious fevers. Arbuthnot. (2.) STRAWBERRY, in botany. See FRAGARIA. TILLA, N° 2. (3.) STRAWBERRY, BARREN. See POTEN (4.) STRAWBERRY BLITE. See BLITUM. (5.) STRAWBERRY PIPPIN. See PYRUS, No 4. (6.) STRAWBERRY SPINACH. See BLITUM. It is ever green, the leaves roundith and ferrated (7.) STRAWBERRY TREE n. f. [arbutus, Lat.} on the edges: the fruit is of a fleshy fubftance, and very like a strawberry. Miller. (8.) STRAWBERRY TREE. S-e ARBUTUS. The breadth of a ftraw; any fmall breadth. STRAW-BREADTH, n. f. straw and breadth.] * STRAWBUILT. adj. [straw and built.] Made up of ftraw. Milton They on the fmoothed plank, The fuburb of their strawbuilt citadel, New rubb'd with balm, expatiate. Of a light yellow.-I will difcharge it in your * STRAWCOLOURED adj. [straaw and colour. strawcolour'd beard. Shak. * STRAWWORM. n. f. [ straqu and worm; phryganion, Lat.] A worm bred in straw. confifting of straw.- There the strawy Greeks, ripe for his edge, In a field of corn, blown upon by the wind there will appear waves of a colour differing from Shak. that of the reit; the wind, by depreffing fome of the the ears, and not others, makes the one reflect more from the lateral and strawy parts than the reft. Borle. (1.) * STRAY. . . [from the verb.] 1. Any creature wandering beyond its limits; any thing loft by wandering.— She hath berfelf not only well defended, Shound I take you for a stray, Shak. You must be kept a year and day. Hudibras. -When he has traced his talk through all its wild rambles, let him bring home his stray. Gov. of the Tongue.-Seeing him wander about, I took him up for a stray. Dryden. Ile cries out, neighbour, haft thou feen a I would not from your love make fuch a stray, To match you where I hate. Shak. (2.) STRAY, n.. or ESTRAY, fignifies any tame beaft, as fheep, oxen, swine, and horfes, or fwans, found within a iordship, and not owned by any man; in which cafe being cried, according to law, in the church, and two market towns adjoining, if it be not claimed by the owner within a year and a day, it becomes the lord's of the foil where found. If the owner claims it within the year and day, he must pay the charges of finding, keeping, and proclaiming; and he also may seize it, without telling the marks or proving his property, which may be done at the trial if contested. If the beaft ftray within the year to another lordfhip, the firft lord cannot retake it. An eftray muft he fed and kept, uninjured, and without labour, till it is reclaimed or the limited time expires. (1.) * To STRAY. v. a. Aroe, Danifh, to featter; ravviare, Italian, to wander.] 1. To wander; to rove.— Thames among the wanton valleys ftrays. Denham. Lo, the glad gales o'er all her beauties stray. Pope. 2. To rove out of the way; to range beyond the proper limits. Doen thy feeble feet unweeting hither stray. By holy croffes, where the kneeling prays For happy wedlock hours. Shak. Shak. Wand'reft thou within this lucid orb, And stray'd from those fair fields of light above, Amidst this new creation? Dryden. 3. To err; to deviate from the right.-We have erred and ftrayed. Common Prayer. (2.) To STRAY. v. a. To mislead. Obfolete. Hath not elfe his eye Stray'd his affection in unlawful love? Shak. STREAK. n.. [ftrice, Saxon; ftreke, Dutch; ftricia, Italian.] A line of colour different from that of the ground. Sometimes written ftrake.The Weft yet glimmers with fome streaks of day. Shak. 2. To ftretch. Obfolete.She lurks in midst of all her den, and streaks From out a ghaftly whirlpool ali her necks. Chapman. * STREAKY. adj. [from streak.] Striped; variegated by hues. The life is in the leaf, and still between The fits of falling nows appears the ftreaky green. Dryden. (1.) STREAM. n. f. [ftream, Saxon; ftraum, Hlandick; Stroom, Dutch.] 1. A running water; the course of running water; current.— As plays the fun upon the glafly stream; Twinkling another counterfeited beam. Shak. He brought streams out of the rock. Pf. lxxviii. 16. Cocytus nam'd, of lamentation loud Heard in the rueful stream; fierce Phlegethon, Whofe waves of torrent fire inflame with rage; Far off from thefe, a flow and filent stream, Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls Her wat'ry labyrinth. Milton. O could I flow like thee, and make thy ftream My great example, as thou art my theme. Denb. Thus from our common fource our streams divide. Dryden. Divided interests, while thou think'ft to fway, Draw like two brooks thy middle stream away. Dryden. 2. Any thing iffuing from a head, and moving forward with continuity of parts.-The breath of the Lord is like a stream of brimstone. Ifa. You, Drances, never want astream of words. Dryden. -The ftream of benefice hath, by several rivulets which have fince fallen into it, wonderfully enlarged its current. Atterbury. 3. Any thing forcible and continued.-The fps must have funk at an an chor in any ftream of weather. Raleigh-It is looked upon as infolence for a man to adhere to his own opinion, against the current stream of antiquity. Locke. 4. Courfe; current.-The very tream of his life, muft give him a better procla mation. Shak. (2.) STREAM. See RIVER. 0002 (1.) To -His wording helm cits a streamy ray. Pope. STREATER, Robert, an English painter, born in 1624, he was efteemed 'the most univerfal painter England ever bred. At the restoration, in 1660, he was made ferjeant painter to the king. Ile died of the tone, in 1680. (1.) STREATHAM, a village of Surry, 5 miles S. of London; famous for its cathartic mineral water; firft discovered in 1660, and still continued to be sent in quantities to some of the bolpi. tals in London. (2.) STREATHAM. See STRATHAM. STREBERNICH, a town of European Turkey, in Bofnia, anciently called Argentina, from the filver mines near it. It is 70 miles W. of Belgrade, and 55 E, of Banjaluka. (1.) STREEK, Jurian VAN, a Dutch painter, born at Amfterdam in 1632. He excelled in por traits amfitill life, which he executed with great tafte. He died in 1678. (2.) STREEK, Henry, fon of the preceding was Lun in 165 and became an excellent hiftorical, painter, He died in 173 3, aged 54. STREET. n. f. [ftræt, Saxon; fraz, Germ. fada, Spanish and Ital. fireede, Danish; ftruet,, Dutch; @ratum, Lat.] 1. A way, properly a pav ed way, between two rows of houfes.-He led us through fair reets. Bacon. The streets are no larger than alleys. Sandys. The Italians say the ancients always contidered. the fituation of a building whether it were high or low, in an open fquare, or in a narrow street. Addifon. When you tattle with fome crony fervant in the fame street, leave your own street-door open. Swift. 2. Proverbially, a pubiick place. That there be no complaming in our streets. Pf. cxliv. 14.-Qur publick ways would be to crowded, that we should want Street room. Addifon. Can we believe, if an apoitle of Chrift appeared in our jtreets, he would command us to be conformed to the world? Rogers. * STREETWALKER. n. f. [Street and walk A common proftitute that offers herself to fale in the open street. STREHAGA, a town of Walachia. STREHLA, a town of Upper Saxony, in Meiffen, on the Elbe; near which the Pruffians were defeated by the Imperiafts in 1760. It is 1 14 miles NW. of Meiffen, and 28 NW. of Drefden." STREHLEN, a town of Silefia, in Brieg. (1, 2) STRELITZ, or GREAT STRELITZ, a town of Silefia, and capital of a circle fo named, in Oppeln. The town is 14 miles SE. of Oppein, and 20 N. of Ratibor. (3.) STRELITZ, or OLD STRELITZ, the capital of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, to which it gives half the name, and the birth-place of our most excellent Queen CHARLOTTE SOPHIA. (Ste MECKLENBURG, N° 1.) It was built in 1329, by Otho and Unic, counts of Furstenberg. In 1575 and 1676, it was totally burnt; in 1712 its palace was burnt. It is 50 miles W. of Stettin, Lon. 30. 58. E. Ferro. Lat. 53. 22. N. (4.) STRELITZ, New, a new town adjacent to the above, built in 1733 by duke Adolphus Frederic; and fo near the other, that they will foon. be conjoined into one. (5.) STRELITZ, a village of Perthshire, in the parish of Cargill, named after her Majefty's birth place; built in 1763, by the commifiioners for the annexed eftater, and intended as a place of refidence for the foldiers d charged at the end of the German war. It confift of above to houses, reatly built, and forming a spacious street, 90 feet broad with a rivulet running through it. Every houfe has a garden and 3 acres of ground properly incl f ed; and the whole village is fheltered by planting. Io 1793, it contained 350 inhabitants. STRENE, n. J. Lat.] in Roman antiquity, New Year's Gifts, or prefe 4s made on the first day of the year, as a happy omen, and mark of the giver's good will. This praclice took place fo early as the reign of Titus Tatius, king of the Sabines, and colleague of Romulus; who having received on the rit day of the year, as present of fome tprigs of vervain, gathered in a wood confecrated to the goddess SPRENIA, authorifed this cultom to be observed afterwards, and gave to all fuch prefents the name of Strene. The Romans, On that day, celebrated a feftival in honenr of Ja nus and Juno. See YEAR. STRENG, or STRENGNAS, a town of Sweden in Sudermanland, on lake Mæler: found founded in 1626 by Cuftavus Adolphus; with a thop's fee and an academy: 32 miles W. of Stockholm. Lon. 16. 55. E. Lat. 59. 20. N. (1) * STRENGTH, n. ƒ [Urength, Saxon.] 1. Force; vigour; power of the body. But ftrength from truth divided, and from juft Ilaudable, nought merits but difpraife. Milton. Thou maft outlive Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty. Milton. Was it the firength of this tongue-valiant jord, In that black hour, that fav'd you from the fword? Dryden. 2. Power of endurance; firmnefs; durability; toughnefs: hardnef.- Not founded on the brittle Strength of bones. Milton. All below is ftrength. Dryden. 3. Vigour of any kind; power of any kind. Strength there must be, either of love or war, Foyday God, in all things wife and juft, Hinder'd not Satan to attempt the mind Of man, with ft ength entire and free will arm'd. Milton. 8. Vigour of writing; nervous diction; force opposed to softness, in writing or painting.Praife the eafy vigour of a line, Where Denham's frength and Waller's fweetnefs join. Pope. Caracci's frength, Corregio's fofter line. Pope. 9. Potency of liquors. 10. Fortification; fortrefs. The rafhness of talking fhould not only he retaided by the guard of our heart, but fenced in by certain ftrengths. Ben Jonson.-He thought This inacceffible high strength to have feiz'd. Milton. Betray'd in all his ftrengths. Denham. 11. Support; maintenance of power.-What they boded would be a mifchief to us, you are providing thall be one of our principal Strengths. Spratt. 12. Legal force; validity; fecurity. 13. Confidence imparted.-Upon the strength of fuch tenures, the defcendants of thefe people and their kings did fubfift and make their wars. Davenant. -The allies, after a fuccefsful fummer, are too apt, upon the strength of it to neglect their preparations for the exiuing campaign. Addison. 14. Armament; force; power.Shak. What is his strength by land? Nor was there any other ftrength defigned to attend about his highnefs than one regiment. Clarendon. 15. Perfuafive prevalence; argumentive force.-It may then ftand very well with Strength and four.dnefs of reafon thus to anfwer. Hocker. (2.) STRENGTH, in the mythology, the daugh ter of Pallas the giaut by the nymph SIYx; and the fifter of VALOUR and VICTORY. (3.) STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, in mechanics, is a fubject of fo much importance, that in a nation fo eminent as this for invention and ingenuity in all fpecies of manufactures, and in particular fo diftinguished for its improvements in machinery of every kind, it is fomewhat fingular that no writer has treated it in the detail which its importance and difficulty demands. The man of fcience who vifits our great manufactures is delighted with the ingenuity which he obferves in every part, the innumerable inventions which come even from individual artifans, and the determined purpose of improvement and refinement which he fees in every workshop. Every cotton mill appears an academy of mechanical fcience; and mechanical invention is spreading from thefe fountains over the whole kingdom: But the philofopher is mortified to fee this ardent ípirit so cramped by ignorance of principie, and many of thele original and brilliant thoughts obfcured and clogged with needles and even hurtful additions, and a complication of machinery which checks improvement even by its appearance of ingenuity. There is nothing in which this want of fcientific education, this ignorance of principie, is fo frequently obferved, as in the injudicious proportion of the parts of machines and other mechanical ftructures; proportions and forms of parts in which the strength and position are nowite regulated by the trains to which they are expofed, and where repeated failures have been the only leffons. It cannot be otherwile. We have no means of inftruction, except two very fhort and. abftracted treatifes of the late Mr Emerfon on the ftrength of materials. We do not reconect a performance in our language from which our artifts can get information. Treatifes written exprefsly on different branches of mechanical arts are totally filent on this, which is the bafis and only principle of their performances. Who would imagine that PRICE'S BRITISH CARPENTER, the work of the firit reputation in this country, and of which the fole aim is to teach the carpenter to erect so.. lid and durable structures, does not contain one propofition or one reafon by which one form of a thing can be fhown to be stronger or weaker than another? We doubt very much if one carpenter in an hundred can give a reafon to convince his. own mind that a joift is ftronger when laid on its edge than when laid on its broad fide. We speak: in this ftrong manner in hopes of exciting fome man of fcience to publish a system of inftruction |