STONE-HIVE. See STONE-HAVEN.

(1.) * STONEHORSE. n..fone and horfe. A horfe not castrated.-Where there is most arable land, fonehorfes or geldings are more neceffary. Mortimer.

(2) STONE-HORSE is an improper compound. It should be stoned horfe. But all languages have their anomalies. See HORSE, I, 8; and STALLION,2.

(1.) STONEHOUSE, Sir James, a pious Englifh phyfician and divine, born in Berkshire, in 1715. He was educated at St John's College, Oxford, where he took his degree of M. D. and afterwards fettied at Northampton. There he became intimate with Dr Doddridge, Mr Hervey, and other eminent divines. About 1762, he entered into orders, and was appointed lecturer of Al-Saints, Briftoi, and minifter of Great and Little Cheverel, Wilts. He fucceeded to the family title and eftate in 1792; but died in 1795, aged 80. He was admired as a man and a preacher. He published Friendly Advice to a Patient, and other religious tracts.

with impofts, which Dr Stukeley calls TRILI- rected with a religious view, by the name of am. THONS, and above 30 feet high, rifing in height ber; by which was fignified any thing folar and as they go round, and each pair separate, and not divine. The Grecians called them wir auchgooras, connected as the outer pair; the higheft 8 feet. petræ ambrofiæ. Stonehenge, according to Mr Within these are 19 more fmaller fingle ftone, of Bryant, is compofed of thefe amber ftones: hence which only 6 are ftanding. Three of the 5 Trili- the next town is denominated Ambrefbury; not thons at the W. end & fat Weftward, levelling from a Roman Ambrofius, but from the ambrofice afo in their defcent a stone of the 2d circie that petræ, in whofe vicinity it stood. Some of thefe food in the line of their precipitation, on the 3d were ROCKING STONES; and there was a wonderJan. 1797. At the upper end of the Adytum is ful monument of this fort near Penzance in Cornthe altar, a large flab of blue coa:fe marble, 20 wall, which ftili retains the name of main-amber. juches thick, 16 feet long, and 4 broad; pretfed or the facred ftones. Such a one is mentioned by down by the weight of the vast stones that have Apollonius Rhodius, supposed to have been raised fallen upon it. The whole number of ftones, up. in the time of the Argonauts, in the ifland Tenos, rights, i pots, and altar, is exactly 140. The as the monument of the two-winged fons of Boitones are far from being artificial, but were most reas, flain by Hercules; and there are others in probably brought from thofe called the Grey Wea- China and other countries. thers on Mariborough Downs 15 or 16 miles off; a. d if tried with a tool they appear of the fame hardness, grain, and colour, generally reddish. The heads of oxen, deer, and other beafts, have tee een found on digging in and about Stonehenge; and human bones in the circumjacent barrows. There are three entrances from the plain to this fructere, the most confiderable of which is from the NE. and at each of them were railed on the Cutfide of the trench two huge ftones with two naller within parallel to them. It has been long a difpute among the learned, by what nation, and for what purpose, these enormous flones were collected and arranged. The first account of this Itructure we meet with is in Geoffroy of Monmouth, who, in the reign of King Stephen, wrote the history of the Britons in Latin. He tells us, that it was erected by the counfel of Merlin the British enchanter, at the command of Aurelius Ambrofius the British king, in memory of 460 Britons who were murdered by Hengift the Saxon. The next account is that of Polydore Vigil, who fays that the Britons erected this as a fepulchral monument of Aurelius Ambrofius. Others fuppofe it to have been a fepulchral monument of Boadicea the famous British Queen. Inigo Jones is of opinion, that it was a Roman temple; from a stone 16 feet long, and 4 broad, placed in an exact pofition to the E. altar-fashion. Mr Charlton attributed it to the Danes, who were two years masters of Wiltshire; a tin tablet, on which were fome unknown characters, fuppofed to be Punic, was digged up near it in the reign of Henry VIII. but is loft. Its common name, Stonehenge, is Saxon, and fignifies a fione gallows, to which thofe ftones, having tranfverfe impofts, bear fome resemblance. It is alfo called in Weich choir gour, or the giant's dance. Mr Grofe thinks that Dr Stukeley has completely proved this structure to have been a British temple in which the Druids officiated. He fuppofes it to have been the metropolitan temple of Great Britain, and tranflates the words chair gour, the great choir or temple. Mr Bryant is of opinion, that it was erected by a colony of Cuthites probably before the time of the Druids; because it was utual with them to place one vast stone upon another for a religious memo rial; and thefe they often placed fo cquably, that a breath of wind would fometimes make them vi. brate. Of fuch ftones one remains in the pile of Stonehenge. The ancients diftinguished stones e

(2.) STONEHOUSE, a parish of Scotland, in Lanakihire, 5 miles long, and 2 broad on an average, containing about 6000 acres; all arable except about 24 acres of moorith ground and 12 of mofs. The foil is a fertile light leam, mixed with clay near the rivers. The population, in 1791, was 1060; the increase 237, fince 1755. The parith abounds with excellent lime-stone, free-stone, and coal; but the latter is not wrought. It is watered by the Clyde and the Avon, whose banks are planted.

(3.) STONEHOUSE, an induftrious village in the above parish, chiefly inhabited by weavers; 74 miles from Lanark, 74 from Hamilton, and 18 from Glafgow: containing 593 fouls in 1791.

STONE ISLAND, an ifland, on the E. coast of Newfoundland, near Cape Broyle; one of 3 which lie off Caplio Bay.

STONELY, a town of England, in Warwickhire, on the Sow, at its conflux with the Avon; 4 miles S. of Coventry.

*STNOEPIT. n.f. [stone and pit.] A quarry; a pit where ftones are dug.-There's one found in a ftonepit. Woodward.

(1.) * STONEPITCH. n.f. [ftone and pitch.】 Hard infpiffated pitch.-The Egyptian mummies are reported to be as hard as stonepitch. Bacon.

(2.) STONE PITCH, or rather PITCH STONE.

See

See MINERALOGY, Part II. Ch. IV. Cl. I. Ord. I.
Gen. II. Sp. 5.

(1.) * STONEPLOVER. n. f. pluvialis cinerea.] A bird. Ain sworth.

(2.) STONEPLOVER, or STONE CURLEW. See CHARADRIUS, N° 8.

STONE REEF, an ifland of Denmark, furrounded with rocks, in the Little Belt; near the N. coaft of Alfen.

STONE RIVER, a river of N. America, which runs into Lake Athapefcow.

STONE-SCRATCH, n.f. in the fait works. See SALT, N° I, § 7.

* STONESMICKLE. n.f. [mafcinata.} A bird. Ainsworth.

(1.) STONE-STREET, an ancient Roman road in Kent, from Hithes to Canterbury and Strutfall Caftle.

(2.) STONE STREET, another ancient Roman caufeway, in Surry, reaching from Holmfdale to Suflex Downs.

STONEWORK. n. f. [stone and work.] Building of flone. They make two walis with flat ftones, and fill the space with earth, and to they continue the ftomework. Mortimer.

(1.) STONEY. adj. See STONY.

(2.) STONEY MOUNTAINS, mountains in the NW. part of N. America, extending from S. to N. in a NW. direction, from Lat. 48° to 68° N. The Northern part of the ridge, is called the Mountains of Bright Stones.

(3.) STONEY RIVER, a river of N. America, 21 miles long, which runs into the Miffifiopi, 4 miles from Petit Goufre, and to from Louifa Chitto. It is cailed by the French Bayonk Pierre.

STONEYFORD, two towns of Ireland: 1. in Antrim, Ulfter: 2. in Meath, Lemfter.

* STONINESS. n. f. [from ftony.] 1. The quantity of having many ftones.-The name Hexton owes its origina, to the ftoninefs of the place. learne-Small gravel or floniness is found there. in. Mortimer. 2. Hardness of mind.-He hath fome ftonne's at the bottom. Hammond.

STONINGTON, a post town and fea-port of Connecticut, in New London county; 14 miles E. by S. of New London, and 251 NE. of Philadelphia. It has 6 churches; and the number of citizens, in 1790, was 5,658.

STONO, a river of S. Carolina, which runs into a fmali bay or inlet, fo named, on the coaft, at the NE. corner of St John's Inland.

(1.) * STONY. adj. [from stone.] 1. Made of fone.

Nor stony tower, nor walls of beaten brafs, Can be rententive to the ftrength of spirit, Shak. Stony limits cannot hold love out. Shak. Nor flept the winds

Within their ftony caves.

I will clear their fenfes dark,
What may fuffice, and foften ftony hearts. Milt.
How can ftony bowe's melt,

In thofe who never pity felt.

Swift. (2.) STONY ISLAND, an island near the E. coaft of Labrador. Lon. 55. 30. W. Lat. 55. 4. N. STONYKIRK, or STEPHEN-KIRK, A parish of Scotland, in Wigtonfhire, on the W. coat of Luce Bay; to which are united those of ToscarTON and Clafhank. It contains about 17,000 acres, of which 700 on the coaft are fandy: the reft are light, dry and pretty fertile. The population, in 1791, was 1365; the increase 214, fince 1755. It has an extenfive bleachfield, 4 flax nills, and a considerabie fishery of cod, falmon, and mackarel. On, the lands of Garthland, the property of Mr M'Dowal, there is a fquare tower 45 feet high, an ancient feat of the lords of Galloway. The battlements bear date 1274. Near it are fome circular towers, one of them 60 feet high and 460 in circumference at the base. * STOOD. The preterite of To stand

Adam, at the news,

Heart-ftruck with chilling gripe of forrow steed.

Milton.

STOOK, n.. [Scotch,] a term used in many parts of the kingdom for a fhock of corn contain ing 12 fheaves.

(1.) * STOOL. n. f. [ftols, Gothick; ftol, Sax. Stoel, Dutch.] 1. A feat without a back, fo diftinguished from a chair. A ftool is a feat for a fingle perfon without a back. Watts.

Ne fitteft down on that same filver stool, To reft thy weary perfon.

Spenfer.

Prior.

Now which were wife, and which were fools? Poor Alma fits between two ftools. 2. Evacuation by purgative medicines. There be medicines that move stools, and not urine; some other urine, and not Stools: those that purge by ftool, are fuch as enter not all, or little, into the mefentary veins. Bacon.-The peristaltick motion, or repeated changes of contraction and dilatation. is not in the lower guts, elie one would have a continual needing of going to stool. Arbuthnot.

3. STOOL OF REPENTANCE, or cutty ftool, in the kirks of Scotland, is fomewhat analogous to the Milton. pillory. It is elevated above the congregation. Dryden. In fome places there may be a feat in it; but it is generally without, and the perfon ftands therein who has been guilty of fornication, for three Sundays, in the forenoon; and after fermon is called upon by name and furname, the beadle or kirk officer bringing the offender, if refractory, forwards to his poft; and then the preacher proceeds to admonition. Here too are fet to publick view adulterers; only thefe are habited in a coarfe can

The foil a ftony harveft yields. The ftony fake retain'd the figure ftill his own. Dryden. --They fuppofe thefe bodies to be only water petrified, or converted into these sparry or stony icicles. Woodward. 2. Abounding with ftones.From the ftony Mænalus Bring your flocks, and live with us. 2. Petrifick.

Milton.

And Stoop with ciofing pinions.

9. To fiuk to a lower place.

Each bird stoop'd on his wing. STOOPING, part. n. f. in faiconry, is when a hawk, being upon her wings at the height of her pitch, bends down violently to take the fowl.

STOOPINGLY, adv. from stooping.] With inclination downwards.-Nani was noted to tread foftly, to walk stoopingly. Wotton.

STOOREN, a town of Norway, in Drontheim; 36 miles SW. of Drontheim.

(1.) * STOP. n. f. [from the verb.] 1. Cefation of progreffive motion.-

Time, that takes furvey of all the world,
Muft have a stop.

The marigold, whofe courtier's face
Ecchoes the fun, and doth unlace

STO

( 448

)

The folmn pipe,
And dulcimer, all organs of fweet ftop. Milton.
The found

Was heard of harp and organ; and who mov'd
Their stops, and chords, was feen.
-A variety of ftrings may be observed on their
Milton.
harps, and of ftops on their tribiæ, which thew
the little foundation that fuch writers have gone
upon, who have determined the precife shape of
the ancient mufical inftruments, with the exact
number of their pipes, ftrings, and stops. Addison.
9. Regulation of mufical chords by the fingers.
In the tops of lutes, the higher they go, the lefs
diltance is between the frets. Bacon. 10. The act
of applying the ftops in mufick. -

The organ found a time survives the stop.

11. A point in writing, by which fentences are Daniel. diftinguished.

Afham'd to fpoil

His life's sweet story by the haste
Of a cruel stop ill-plac'd.

Crafhaw.

(2.) STOPS. See PUNCTUATION and SCRIP TURE, Sec. VIII.

(1.) * To STOP. v. a. [estouper, Fr. stoppare, Ital. Stoppen, Dutch.] 1. To hinder from progreflive

motion.

They will bring all, whofe fpiritual counfel

had

Shall stop or fpur me.

2. To hinder from fucceffive operation.—
Can any drefles find a way
To stop th' approaches of decay.

Shak.

Dorfet.

3. To hinder from any change of ftate, whether to better or worse. 4. To hinder from action or practice.

Friend, 'tis the duke's pleasure, Whose difpofition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubb'd nor stopp'd. -No man fhall ftop me of this boafting. 2 Cor. Shak. 5. To put an end to the motion or action of any thing; to intercept.

xi. 10.

Fix'd in his throat the flying weapon ftood, And stopp'd his breath. 6. To reprefs to fufpend.-Every bold finner, Dryden. when about to engage in the commiffion of any known fin, fhould stop the execution of his purpofe. South. 7. To fupprefs.-He, on occafion of stopping my play, did me a good office at court. Dryden. 8. To regulate mufical strings, if you Stop a string high the found is more treble, but yet more dead. Bacon. 9. To close any aperture. -Stop all wells of water. 2 Kings, iii. 19.-They ftopped their ears, that they should not hear. Zech. vii. 11.-A hawk's bell, the hole stopped up, hang by a thread within a bottle-glafs, and stop the glafs clole with wax. Bacon.-His majefty flopped a leak that did much harm. Bacon.-Stoppings and fuffocations are dangerous. Bacon--They first raifed an army, to stop my mouth. King Charles.Ceifus gives a precept about bleeding, that when the blood is good, immediately the vein fhoud be flopped. Arbuthnot. 10. To obftruct; to en

cumber.

Mountains of ice that flop th' imagin'd way. (2.) To STOP. v. n. Milton. 1. To ceafe to go for ward.

STO

He bites his lip, and starts;

Stops on a fudden, iooks upon the ground, -When men purfue their thoughts of space, they Springs out into faft gait, then flops again. Shak at an end. Locke.ftop at the confines of body, as if space were there

If the rude throng pour on with furious pace, 2. To ceafe from any courfe of action.-The bett Stop fhort, nor ftruggle through. time to stop is at the beginning. Lefey. Gay

made to let out liquor, ftopped by a turning
* STOPCOCK. n.f. ftop and cock.] A pipe
cock.-No man could fpit from him without it,
but would drivel like fome paralitic or foot; the
tongue being as a stopcock to the air, tili upon its
removal the spittle is driven away. Grew.

thing fubftituted; a temporary expedient.
* STOPGAP. n. f. [from stop and gap.] Some-

* STOPPAGE. n. f. [from Stop.] The act of ftopping; the ftate of being ftopped.-The effects are a stoppage of circulation by too great a of a cough, or fpitting, increases phlegm in the weight upon the heart. Arbuthnot.-The stoppage ftomach. Floyer.

the department of the Meufe, and ci-devant proSTOPPEL, a town of the Batavian republic, in vince of Dutch Flanders; 5 miles NW. of Hulft, (1.) STOPPER, n. f. See STOPPLE.

(2.) STOPPERS, in a fhip, certain short pieces
of rope, which are ufuahy knotted at one or both
ends, according to the purpose for which they
are defigned. They are either ufed to fufpend
in a fixed pofition. Thus, the anchors, when fift
any heavy body, or to retain a cable, throud, &c.
hoifted up from the ground, are hung to the cat-
head by a stopper attached to the latter, which
paffing through the anchor-ring, is afterwards fal-
tened to the timber-head; and the fame tope
it by the ring which is to be funk from the fhip
ferves to faften it on the bow at fea; or to suspend
to the bottom. The ftoppers of the cable have a
tened to a ring-boit in the deck by the other.
large knot and a laniard at one end, and are faf-
which is fastened fecurely round both by feveral
They are attached to the cable by the laniard,
turns paffed behind the knot, or about the neck
of the stopper; by which means the cable is re-
ftrained from running out of the fhip when the rides
at anchor. The ftoppers of the froud have a
knot and a laniard at each end. They are only
ufed when the fhrouds are cut afunder in battle,
or difabled by tempeftuous weather; at which
time they are lafhed, in the fame manner as those
of the cables, to the feparated part of the shroud,
which are thereby reunited, fo as to be fit for im-
mediate fervice. This, however, is only a tem
porary expedient.

That by which any hole or the mouth of any vef-
* STOPPLE, or STOPPER. %.f. [from step.]
fel is filled up.-If the liquor come clofe to the
fopple, it cannot flower. Bacon.-There were no
huts or topples made for the ears. Ray.

(1.) STOR, a lake of Norway, in Aggerhuys.
(2.) STOR, a lake of Sweden, in Geftricia.
STORA. See SCIGATA.

STORACE, Stephen, a favourite mufician and
compoter for the English theatre, born in 1763.
His mufic in the Haunted Tower, the Siege of Bel-
grade,