If. ii. 24. The houshoid bird with the red stomacher. STOMACHFUL. adj. \ stomachofus, Lat.jiomach and full. Sulen; ftubborn: perverf.-A fromachful boy put to fchool. L'Estrange.-Obitinate or ftomachful crying should not be permitted. Locke. İnftead of a stomacher, a girding of fackcloth. who drew Kim out of his obfcurity, and provided hith with an employment which left him plenty of time to apply himfeif to the fciences. Mr Stone was author and tranflator of fevera, ufcful works; viz. 1. A New Mathematical Dictionary, in 1 vol. 8vo, firit printed in 1726. 2 Fuxions, in 1 vel. 8vo, 1730. The Direct M-thod is a tranflation from the French, of Hospital's Anaiyse des Infiniments Petits; and the Inverfe Method was fupplied by Stone him:elf. 3. The Elements of Euclid, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1731. With an account of the life and writings of Euclid, and a defence of his elements against modern objectors; with other finaller works. Stone was F. R. S. and had inferted in the Philof. Tranf. (vol. 41, p. 218.) an "Account of two fpecies of lines of the 3d order, not mentioned by Sir Ifaac Newton or Mr Stiriing." * STOMACHFULNESS. n. f. [from stomachful Stubbornnefs; fullennefs; obftinacy. STOMACHICAL. {adj. [stomaclique, F.] (1.)* STOMACHICK, } Relating to the flomach: pertaining to the ftomach.—An hypochondrick confumption is an extentration, occañoned by an infraction and ebfru&ion of the stomachick veffels through melancholy humours, Harvey. By a catarrh the fromachical ferment is vitiated. Floyer. (2.) * STOMACHICK. R. f. [from stomach.] A medicine for the stomach. (3.) STOMACHICs are medicines that ftrengthen the stomach and promore digeftion, &c. Stomachic corroboratives are fuch as ftrengthen the Tone of the ftomach and inteftines; among which are carminatives, as the roots of galangals, red gentian, zedoary, pimpinela, calamus aromaticus, and arum. Of barks and rinds, thofe of ca. nella alba, faifa ras, citrons, Seville and China oranges, &c. Of spices, pepper, ginger, cloves, cinnamon, cardamums, and mace. All thefe will be found occafionally useful, but the best of all corroboratives, according to the new fytem of medicine, are air, exercife, and freth animal food; which laft, when the ftomach is too weak to digeft it in a folid form, should be given in the form of beef tea, or veal or chicken broth. * STOMACHLESS. adj. [trom stomach and lefs.] Being without appetite. * STOMACIOUS. adj. [from stomach.] Stout; angry; fullen; obftinate. Obfolete. With ftern looks, and ftomachous difdain, Gave figns of grudge and difcontentment vain. Spenfer. STOMPSA, a town of Hungary, 8 miles NNW of Prefburg. STOND. n. f. [for stand] t. Poft; ftation, Obfolete. On th' other fide, th' affieged caftle's ward Their stedfat stonds did mightily maintain. Shenfer. z. Stop: in difpofiiton to proceed.-There be not stands nor reftivenefs in a man's nature. Bacon. *GA STONE, Edmund, a diftinguished felftaught mathematician, was born in Scotland; but reither the place nor time of his birth are well known; but it is fud on the authority of Chevalier Ramfay, aut! or of the Travels of Cyrus, that he was fon of a gardener of the duke of Argyle, he arrived at 8 years 0. are before he learnt to read. By enance a fervant having taught young Store the ictters of the alphabet, there needed nothing more to difcover and expand his genius. He applied him. self to ftudy and he arrived at the knowledge of the most fabame geometry and anaiyfis, with ent a maiter, without a conductor, without any o her guide but pure genius. A 18 years of age bis acquired inevits were dilcovered by the Duke, (2.) STONE, J.rome, the fon of a reputable feaman, was born in the parish of Scoonie, in Fite. His father died abroad when he was but 3 years of age, and his mother, with her young family, was left in very narrow circumftances. Jerome having got the ordinary school education, reading English, writing, and arithmetic, commenced travelling chapman. But he foon converted his ftock of buckles, garters, &c. into books, and for fome years went through the country, and attended the fairs as an itinerant bookfeller. Formed by nature for iterature, he poffeffed a peculiar talent for acquiring languages with amazing facili ty. He taught himfe.t Hebrew and Gre-k; a d, by the aid of Mr Turcan, the parish schoolmafter, acquired fome knowledge of Latin. Some time afterwards, he was encouraged to profecute his ftudies at the University of St Andrew's. An un exampled proficiency in every branch of literatuie recommended him to the efteem of the profeffors; and an uncommon fund of wit and pleafantry rendered him the favourite of all his fel low ftudents. About this period fome very hu morous poetical pieces of his compofition were published in the Scots Magazine. Before he had find his 3d fufion at St Andrew's on an ap plication to the college by the mafter of the fchool of Dunked for an ather, Mr Stone was recommended as the be qualified for that office; and ab uc two or three years after, the master being removed to Perth, Mr Stone, by the favour of the duke of Atholl, who had conceived a high opinion of his abilities, was appointed his fucceffor. Having, with his ufual affiduity and fuccefs, acquired a complete knowledge of the Gælic language, he collected a number of ancient poems, the production of Irish or Scottish barda. Some of these were tranflated into English verfe, before Mr Micpherfon publifhed his tranflations from Offiat. He died while he was writing and preparing for the prefs a treatife, entitled, "An Inquiry into the Original of the Nation and Language of the Ancient Scots, with Conjectures about the Primitive State of the Celtic and other European Nations." In this treatife he proves that the Scots drew their original, as well as their language, from the ancient Ganis. A fever put an end to his life, his labours, and his usefulness, in 1757, the 30th year of his age. He left in MS. a much eftecined and well-known allegory, entit led, The Immortality of Authors, which has been published and often reprinted fince his death. (3.) STONE, John, a celebrated Eng ish painter, in the reigns of Charles I. and II. He ftudied under Crofs, and spent 37 years abroad, where he acquired feveral languages, being a man of learn ing as well as a good painter. He died at London, Aug. 24, 1653. -The fellow held his breath, and lay stone fill, as if he was dead. L'Eftrange.She had got a trick of holding her breath, and lying at her length for stone dead. L'E trange.-The cottagers having taken a country-dance together, had been all out, and ftood ftone ftill with amazement. Pope. 12. To leave no STONE unturned. To do every thing that can be done for the production or promotion of any effect. (4) STONE, in geography, a town of England, in Staffordshire, feated on the Trent, and connected with the great inland navigation, (See MERSEY,) with a market on Tuesday, 7 miles N. of Stafford, 22 NW. of Litchfieid, and 140 NW. of London. Lon. 2. o. W. Lat. 53. 4. N. (5) STONE; a fmall island of Scotland, in the Frith of Forth, 8 miles SE. of Dumfermline. (6.) STONE. n. f. [stains, Gothick ; stain, Saxon; fteen, Dutch.] 1. Stones are bodies inipid, hard, not ductile or malleable, nor foluble in water. Woodward.-Stones are, the fofter and the harder. Of the fofter ftones are, 1. The foliaceous or flaky, as taik. 2. The fibrose, as the afbeftus. 3. The granulated, as the gypsum. Of the harder stones are, 1. The opake ftones, as bmcftone. 2. The femi-pellucid, as agare. The pellucid, as cryftai and the gems. Hill's Mat. Mid 3. 2. Piece of ftone cut for building.Should I go to church, and fee the holy edifice of Stone, And not bethink me ftrait of dangʼrous rocks! Shak. -The English ufed the stones to reinforce the pier. Hayward. 3. Gem; precious ftone.-I thought I faw Ineftimable stones, unvalu'd jewels. 4. Any thing made of ftone. Shak. If that her breath will mift or ftain the stone, Why then the lives. Shak. Calculous concretion in the kidneys or bladder: the difenfe arifing from a calculus.-A fpecifick remedy for preventing of the tone I take to be the conftant ufe of ale hoot ale. Temple.A gentleman fuppofed his difficulty in urining proceeded from the ftone. Wifeman. 6. The cafe which in fome fruits contain the feed, and is it felf contained in the fruit.To make fruits without core or ftone is a curiofity. Bacon. 7. Tefticle. 8. A weight containing 14 pounds. Aftone of meat is 8 pounds.-Does Wood think that we will fll him a stone of wool for his counters? Savift. 9. A funeral monument. Should fome relenting eye Glance on the stone where our cold reliques lie. Pope. (7.) STONE. adj. Made of ftone.Prefent her at the leet Because the bought tone jugs. Dryden. Shak. (8.) STONE in the Biadder. (f 6 def. 5.) See ALKALI, 10. MEDICINE and SURGERY, Indexes. (9.) STONE, in merchandize, denotes a certain wight for weighing commodities. A ftone of beef at London is 8 lb. in Herefordshire 12 ib.: in the North 16 lb. A ftone of glafs is 5 ib.; of wax 8 lb. A ftone of wool (by ftat. 11. Hen. VII.) is to weigh 14 lb. yet in fome places it 18 more, in others efs; as in Gloucefterfhire 15 ib.; in Hereford?hire 12 lb. Among hoife-couriers a ftone is the weight of 14 lb. The reaton of the name is obvious. Weights at firft were generally made of stone. See Deut. xxv. 13. where the word 8, tranflated weight, fignifies a stone. (10.) STONE, ARTIFICIAL. See STUCCO. (11) STONE, ELASTIC. See MARLLE, § 6.3 and MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. IV. Clafs I. Ord. 1. Gen. XXI. Sp. 1. Var. 2, and 3. (12.) STONE MARROW. Set CLAY, § 4. and MINERALOGY, Part 11. Chap. IV. Gl. I. Ord. Iil. Gen. I. Sp. 3. (13) STONE, PHILOSOPHER'S. See PHILOSO PHER'S STONE. (14.) STONE, PUDDING. See CALLANDER, N 1.; and MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. IV. Cl. I. Ord. III. Se&. II. Gen. II. (15.) STONE, ROCKING, or LOGAN, a fone of a prodigious fize, fo exactly poifed, that it would rock or thake with the fmalleft force. Of these ftones the ancients give us fome account. Piny fays, that at Harpaia, a town of Afia, there was & rock of fuch a wonderful nature, that if touched with the finger it would hate, but could not be moved from its place with the whole force of the body. Ptolemy Hephæation mentions a ggoniar fione near the ocean, which was agitated when ftruck by the talk of an afphodel, but could not be removed by a great exertion of force. The word gygonius feems to be Celtic; for gwingeg fignifies motitans, the rocking Stone. Many rocking ftones are to be found in different parts of this ifland; fome natural, others artificial, or placed in their pofition by human art. In the parith of St Leven, Cornwall, there is a promontory called Castle Treryn. On the western fide of the middle group, near the top, lies a very large ftone, fo evenly poifed that any hand may move it fremt Kkk one one fide to another; yet it is fo fixed on its base, and there are others as light as pumice flowe that no lever nor any mechanical force can re- which have alfo an agreeabic found. It appears move it from its prefent fituation. It is called that the Romans were formerly acquainted with the LOGAN STONE, and is at fuch a height from a fonorous ftone of the clafs of biang-che. Pliny the ground that no person can believe that it was (fays the Abbé du Bos, in his Reflections on Poeraited to its present position by ait. But there try and Painting, when speaking of curious ftones) are other rocking ftones, which are fo fhaped and obferves, that the ftone called chalcophonas, or fo fituated, that there can be no doubt but they brazen found, is black; and that, according to were erected by human ftrength. Of this kind the etymology of its name, it fends forth a found Borlafe thinks the great Quoit or Karn-lehau, in much ref imbuing that of brafs when it is ftruck. the parish of Tywidnek, to be. It is 39 feet in The paflage of Pliny is as follows: Chalcophonas circumference, and four feet thick at a medium, nigra eft; fed eli a æris tinnitum reddit. Some foand stands on a single pedestal. There is alfo a norous ftones were at length fent into France, remarkable stone of the fame kind in the island of and the late duke de Chaulnes examined them St Agnes in Scilly. See Plate CCCVI. The un- with particular attention. From the Duke's obder rock A is 15 feet 6 inches high, 47 feet round fervations, there is reafon to believe, that the the middle, and touches the ground with no more stones, of which the king are formed, are nothing" than half its bafe. The upper rock C refts on one elfe but a black kind of marble, the constituent point only, and is fo nicely balanced, that two or parts of which are the fame as thofe of the marthree men with a pole can move it. It is 8 feet ble of Europe, but that fome difference in their 6 inches high, and 47 in circumference. On the organization renders them more or lefs fonorous. top there is a bafon D hollowed out, 3 feet 17.) STONE, SWINE. S-e SWINE-STONE. 11 inches in diameter at a medium, but wider (18.) STONES, in the old fyftem of mineralogy, at the brim, and 3 feet deep. From the globular were defined bodies which are infipid, not ductile, fhape of this upper ftone, it is highly probable nor inflammable, nor foluble in water. But as this that it was rounded by human art, and perhaps is the definition given of earths by chemists and even placed on its pedeftal by human ftrength. naturants, we must refer the reader to the arIn Sithney parish, near Heliton, in Cornwall, ftood ticles EARTH, and MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. the famous logan, or rocking ftone, commonly II. and IV. Glass I. for a view of the claffification called Men Amber, q. d. Men an Bar, or the top of tones. Here we will only make a few obferftone. It was 11 feet by 6, and 4 high, and fo vations concerning their natural history. nicely poifed on another ftone that a little child could move it, and all traveliers who came this way delired to fee it. But Shrubfall, Cromwell's governor of Pendennis, with much ado, caufed it to be undermined, to the greit grief of the country. There are fome marks of the tool on it, and, by its quadrangular fhape, it was probably dedicated to Mercury. There is a rocking ftone in Perthshire, near Balvaird caftie, in the Ochil hills, on the eftate of Mr Murray of Conlard. That the rocking ftones are monuments erected by the Druids cannot be doubted; but tradition has not informed us for what purpofe they were intended. Mr Toland thinks that the Druids made the people believe that they alone could move them, and that by a miracle; and that by this pretended miracle they condemned or acquitted the accufed, and brought criminals to confefs what could not otherwife be extorted from them. How far this conjecture is right we fhall leave to thofe who are deeply verfed in the knowledge of antiquities to determine. (16.) STONE, SONOROUS, a kind of tone remarkable for emiting an agreeable found when ftruck, and much used in China for making muficai inftruments which they call king. The various kinds of fonorous ftones known in China dif. fer confiderably from one another in beauty, and in the ftrength and duration of their tone; and what is very furprifing, is, that this difference cannot be discovered either by the different degrees of their hardness, weight, or fineness of grain, or by any other qualities which might be fuppofed to determine it. Some ftones are found remarkabiy hard, which are very fonorous; and others exceedingly fett, which have an excellent tone; tome extremely heavy emit a very fwect found; (19.) STONES, ABSURD HYPOTHESIS RESPECTING THE ORIGIN OF. Some philofophers fay that ftones are vegetables; that they grow and increaje in fize like a plant. This theory, we believe, was first offered to the world by M. Tournefort, in 1702, after returning from his travels in the east. It was founded on a curious fact. In furveying the labyrinth of Crete, he obferved that the names which vifitors had engraved upon the rock were not formed of hollow but of prominent letters like ballo relicvos. He fuppofes that these letters were at firft hollowed out by knives; that the hollows have fince been filed up by the growth of the ftone; and hence he concludes that ftones vegetate. Allowing the fapposition to be true that they were at firft hollow, we reply, it is only a fingle fit, and that it is altogether unphilofophi cai to deduce a generai fyftem from a single fact. But this protuberancy of the characters is very improperly called vegetation, for it is not produced by a procefs in any refpe&t lise vegetation. Vegetation fuppofes veffels containing fluids and growth by expantion; but who ever heard of vesfels in a stone, of fluids moving in them, or of the different parts expanding ad fwelling like the branch or trunk of a tree? Even the fact which Tournefort mentions proves nothing. He does not pretend to fay, that the rock itself is increas ing, but only that a few finail hollows are filled with new flony matter, which rifes a little above the furrounding furface of the rock. This matter evidently has been once liquid, and at length has congealed in the channel into which it had run. But is not this eafy explained by a common procefs, the formation of ftalactites? When water charged with calcareou matter is expo ed to the action of air, the water evaporates, and leaves the calca calcareous earth behind, which hardens and becomes like a stone. Having thus exammed the principal fict upon which Mr Tournefort founds his theory, it is unnecessary to follow him through the rest of his fubject. Upon the whole, we conclude, that no fuch theory as this, that ftones are vegctables, can be drawn from the fuppofed fact refpecting the labyrinth. (20.) STONES, AMORPHOUS, AGGREGATES OF. See MINERALOGY, Part II. Chop. IV. Cl. I. Ord. III. Se&. 11. Gen. 1.-VII. (21) STONES, PRECIOUS. See AGATE, AMETHYST, BERYL, CARBUNCLE, CARNELION, CHALCEDONY, DIAMOND, EMERALD. GEM, O. NYX, OPAL, RUBY, SAPPHIRE, SARDONYX, TOPAZ, &c. (22.) STONES, SAND. See MINERALOGY, Part 11. Chap. IV. C. I. Ord. III. Sect. I. Gen. I. and SANDSTONE. (23.) STONES, SHOWERS OF. See SHOWER, § 4. (24.) STONE WARE, OF STONE-WARE, as it is often abfurdly compounded, a fpecies of pottery fo called from its hardnets. See DELFT, PORCELAIN, and POTTERY. Clay is a principal ingredient in pottery of al kinds which has the property of hardening in the fire, and of receiving and preferving any form into which it is moulded. One kind of clay refifts the moft violent action of the fire after being hardened to a certain degree, but is incapable of receiving a fufficient degree of hardness and folidity. A 2d kind aflumes a hardnes refembling that of flint, and fuch a compactnefs that veilels made of it have a gloffy appearance in their fracture refembling procelain. Thefe two species owe their peculiar properties of refilting heat without melting, to fand, chalk, gyp fum or ferruginous earth, which they contain. A 31 fpecies of clay begins to harden with a moderate fire, and melts entirely with a strong fire. It is of the ad fpecies that stone ware is made. The most famous manufactory of stone ware, as well as of other kinds of pottery, is at Burflem in Staffordshire. This can be traced with certainty at least two centuries back; but of its first introduction no tradition remains. In 1686, as we learn from Dr Plot's Natural Hiftory of Staffordfire, only the courfe yellow, red, black, and mottled wares, were made in this country; and the only materials employed for them appear to have been the different coloured clays which are found in the neighbourhood, and which form fome of the measures or ftrata of the coal-mines. These coarfe clays made the body of the ware, and the glaze was produced by powdered leadore, forinkled on the pieces before firing, with the addition of a little manganese for fome particular colours. The quantity of goods manufactured was at that time fo inconfiderable, that the chief fale of them, Plot faya, was" to poor cratemen, who carried them on their backs all over the country." About 1690, two ingenious artifans from Germany, of the name of Ellers, fettled near Burflem, and carried on a small work for a little time. They brought into this country the method of glazing stone ware, by calling falt into the kiln while it is hot, and fome other improvements of lefs importauce; but finding they could not get their fecrets kept, they left the place rather in difguft. From this time various kinds of stone ware, glazed by the fumes of fait in the manner above mentioned, were added to the wares before made. The white kind, which afterwards became, and for many fucceeding years continued, the ftaple branch of pottery, is faid to have owed its origin to the folowing accident. A potter, Mr Aftbury, travelling to London, perceived fomething amns with one of his horfe's eyes, an boftier at Donftable faid he could foon core him, and for that purpofe put a common black fint tone into the tre. The potter obferving it, when taken out, to be of a fine white, immediately conceived the idea of improving his ware by the addition of this material to the whiteft ciay he could procure; accordingly he fent home a quantity of the flint ftones of that country, where they are plentiful among the Chalk, and by mixing them with tobacco pipe clay, produced a white ftone ware much fuperior to any that had been seen before. Some of the other potters foon difcovered the fource of this fuperiority, and did not fail to follow his example. For a long time they pounded the flint ftones in private rooms by manual labour in mortars; but many of the poor workmen suffered severely from the dust of the flint getting into their lungs, and producing dreadful coughs, confumptions, and other pulmonary diforders. Thefe difafters, and the increased demand for the flint powder, induced them to try to grind it by mills of various conftructions; and this method being found both effectual and fafe, has continued in practice ever fince. With thefe improvements, in the beginning of the 18th century, various articles were produced for tea and coffee equipages. Soon after attempts were made to furnish the dinner tab.e also; and before the middle of the century, utenfils for the table were manufactured in quantity as well for exportation as home confumption. But the fait glaze, the only one then in ufe for this purpofe, is in its own nature fo imperfect, and the potters, from an injudicious competition among themselves for cheapness, rather than excellence, had been fo inattentive to elegance of form and neatnefs of workmanship, that this ware was rejected from the tables of persons of rank; and about 1760, a white ware, much more beautiful and better glazed than ours, began to be importe in confiderabie quantities from France. This inundation of a foreign manufacture, to much fuperior to any of our own, muft have had very bad effects upon the potteries of this king. dom, if a new one, ftill more to the public tafte, had not appeared foon after. In 1763, Mr Jofiah Wedgwood, who had already introduced'several improvements into this art, invented a fpecies of earthen ware for the table quite new in its appearance, covered with a rich and brilliant guze, bearing fudden alternations of heat and cold, manufactured with eafe and expedition, and confequently cheap, and having every requifite for the purpofe intended. To this new manufacture the queen was pleafed to give her name and patronage, commanding it to be called Queen's aware, and humouring the inventor by appointing Kkk 2 ⚫him him her majefty's potter. The common clay of the country is ufed for the ordinary forts; the finer kinds are made of clay from Devonshire and Dorfehire, chiefly from Biddeford; but the fints from the Thames are all brought rough by fea, either to Liverpool or Hull, and so by Burton. There is no conjecture formed of the original rea1on of fixing the manufacture in this spot, except for the convenience of plenty of coals, which abound under ail the country. The flints firft are ground in milis, and the clay prepared by breaking, washing, and fifting, and then they are mixed in the requifite proportions. The flints are bought firft by the people about the country, and by them burnt and ground, and fold to the manufacturers by the peck. The mixture is then laid in large quantities on kilns to evaporate the moifture; but this is a rice work, as it muft not be too dry; next it is beat with large wooden hammers, and then is in order for throwing, and is moulded into the forms in which it is to remain: this is the moft difficult work in the whole manufacture. A boy turns a perpendicular wheel, which by means of thongs, turns a fmall horizon ial one, just before the thrower, with fuch velocity, that it twirls round the lump of clay he lays on it into any form be directs it with his fingers. There are 300 houfes which are calculated to empioy, upon an average, 20 hands each, or 6000 in the whole; bit of all the variety of propie that work in what way be called the preparation for the employment of the immediate manufac turers, the total number cannot be much bort of 10 000, and it is increasing every day. Large quantities are exported to Germany, Ireland, Holland, Ruffia, Spain, the Eaft Indies, and much to America: fome of the finest forts to France in time of peace. To STONE. v. a. [from the noun.] I. To pelt, or beat, or kid with stones.--Thefe people be almoft ready to fione me. Ex. xvii. 4.-Stoning to death was the punishment for blafphemy. Stephens. 2. To harden. Oh perjui'd woman! thou do'st stone my heart. Shak STONE-ARABIA, a town of New York, in Montgomery county, on the N. bank of the Mohawk, opposite to Canajoharie. It has a Dutch church, and is pleafantly feated in a fertile county: 56 miles W. by N. of Albany. (1.) * STONEBREAк. n. J. [saxifraga anglicana.] An herb. Ainfew." (2.) STONEBREAK. See SAXIFRAGA. STONEBYRES, a remarkable water-fall of the Clyde, which talle over a precipice 60 feet high. It is below DUNDAFF LIN. See CLYDE, No 1. (1.) ST NECHATTER. n. f. [rubetra, Lat.] A bird. Ainfw. ter.] One whofe trade is to hew ftones.-A stonecutter's man had the veficulæ of his lungs fo ftuffed with duft, that, in cutting, the knife went as if through a heap of fand. Derbam.--My profecu stor provided me a monument at the tonecutter's. Swift. (2.) STONE-CUTTER. See LAPIDARY, § 1 and 2. STONEFRUIT...Aftone and fruit.] Fruit of which the feed is covered with a hard fhell enveloped in the pulp.-We expe&t some other forts of ftonefruit. Boyle. STONEHALL, a town of Ireland, in the county of Limerick, and prov. of Munfter. STONEHAM, NORTH, two villages of EngSTONEHAM, SOUTH, land, in Hampshire, on the Itchen, 3 miles NE. of Southampton. In the church of the former, is an elegant monument, ere-d to the memory of Adm. Hawke, in 1783. See HAWKE. (1.) STONEHAVEN, or STONEHIVE, a faport town of Scotland, in Kincardineshire, in the parish of Dunnottar, 15 miles S. of Aberdeen. It was built in the reign of Charies 11. and confifts of 2 confiderable streets, built on the coaft of a fmall bay, with a rocky bottom, at the foot of fome high cliffs, oppofite to the ruins of Dunnot tar caftle. ( DUNNOTTAR, N° 2.) The harbour is good, being a natural bafin, sheltered on the SE. by a high rock, which runs out into the fea, and on the NE. by a quay, very convenient for unloading goods. It is the county town, in which the courts are held, and it is a burgh of barony. In 1792, the total population was 1072. The chief manufactures are fail-cloths, Ofnaburgs, knit worsted and thread ftockings, and brown li nens. (2.) STONEHAVEN, NEW, a large new and regular bunt village, in the parish of Fellereffo, erected by J. Barclay of Urie, adjacent to the above town. * (1.) STONEHAWK. n.f. [lithofalco, Lat.] A kind of hawk. Ainsworth. (2.) STONE-HAWK is probably a name given to the OSPREY, or OSSIFRAGUs, i. e. the Stonebreaker. See FALCO, N° 13. STONEHENGE, a celebrated monument of antiquity, fands in the middle of a flat area near the fummit of a bid fix miles from Salisbury. It is inciofed by a circular double bank and ditch near 30 feet broad, after croffing which we afcend 30 yards before we reach the work. The whole fabric confifted of two circles and two ovals. The outer circle is about 108 feet diameter, confifting when entire of 60 ftones, 30 uprights and 30 impofts, of which remain only 24 uprights, 17 ftanding and 7 down, 34 feet asunder, and 8 imposts. Eleven uprights have their 5 impofts on them by the grand entrance. These ftones are from 13 to 20 feet high. The leffer circle is fomewhat more than 8 feet from the infide of the outer one, and confifted of 40 ieffer ftones (the higheft 6 feet), of which only 19 remain, and only 11 ftanding: the walk between these two circles is 300 feet in cir cumference. The Adytum or Cell is an oval formed of 10 fiones (from 16 to 22 feet high,) in pairs, |