have any thing to complain of in the return they

FABRICIUS'S REPLY to PYRRHUS.

As to my poverty, you have indeed, Sir, been rightly informed. My whole eftate confifts in a houfe of but mean appearance, and a little spot of ground, from which by my own labour I draw my fupport. But if by any means you have been perfuaded to think, that this poverty makes me lefs confidered in my country, or in any degree unhappy, you are extremely deceived. I have no reason to complain of fortune, the fupplics me with all that nature requires; and if I am with out fuperfluities, I am also free from the defire of them. With thefe I confefs I fhould be more able to fuccour the neceffitous, the only alvantage for which the wealthy are to be envied; but as fmall as my poffeffious are, I can ftill contribute fomething to the fupport of the ftate and the athitance of my friends. With regard to honours, my country places me, poor as I am, upon a leyel with the richeft: for Rone knows wo qualifications for great employments but virtue and ability. She appciats me to officiate in the moft auguft ceremonies of religion; the entrufts me with the command of her armies; the confides to my care the moft important negotiations. My poverty does not leffen the weight and influence of my counfels in the fenate; the Roman people honour me for that very poverty which you conLider a a difgrace; they know the many opportunities I have had in war to enrich myfelf withour incurring cenfure; they are convinced of my aninterested zeal for their profperity; and if I

STE

(1.) STENTON, a parish of Scotland, in E. Lothian, about 34 miles long, and 3 broad; befides a narrow stripe of moorifh ground which xtends into Berwickshire to the banks of the Whittadder. The furface is beautiful; the foil gravely, but very various, moftly inclofed; and hulbandry in high improvement; fo that the foil, though ftony, yields excellent crops. The population, in 1791, was 624; the decrease 7, fince 17550

(2.) STENTON, a town in the above parish. STENTOR, a Grecian herald, who went to the Trojan war; and whofe voice, fays Homer, was fo ftrong, that it exceeded that of so men together. (Hom. Il. v. 784.) Hence the following derivatives.

STENTOREAN, adj. ftrong-voiced; long

tongued.

· (1.) * STENTOROPHONICK. adj. (from Stentor, the Homerical herald, whofe voice was as loud as that of fifty men, porn, a voice. Loudiy Speaking or founding.-Of this fentorophonick horn of Alexander there is a figure preferved in the Vatican. Derbam.

(2.) STENTOROPHONIC TUBE, a speaking trumpet. See TRUMPET.

(1.) STENWYCK, Henry, an eminent Dutch painter, born in 1550. He studied under John

value then can I fet upon your gold and filver ! What king can add any thing to my fortune! AIways attentive to difcharge the duties incumbent on me, I have a mind free from felf-reproach, and I have an honest fame. Doafley's Pieceptor. LETTER to a FRIEND against WASTE of TIME.

Converse often with yourself, and neither lavish your tine, nor futfer others to rob you of it. Many of our hours are ftolen from us, and others pafs infenfibly away; but of both thefe loffes the most fhameful is that which happens through our own neglect. If we take the trouble to observe, we thall find that one confiderable part of our life is fpent in doing evil, and the other in doing nothing, or in doing what we fhould not do. We don't seem to know the value of time, nor how precious a day is; nor do we confider that every moment brings us nearer our end. Reflect upon this, I entreat you, and keep a ftrict account of time. Procraftination is the moft dangerous thing in life. Nothing is properly ours but the intant we breathe in, and all the reft is nothing; it is the only good we poffefs; but then it is fleeting, and the fift comer robs us of it. Men are fo weak, that they think they oblige by giving of trifles, and yet reckon that time as nothing for which the moft grateful perfon in the world can never make amends. Let us therefore confider time as the most valuable of all things; and every moment fpent, without fome improvement in virtue or fome advancement in goodnets, as the greatest fublunary lofs. ST PAUL'S SPEECH before AGRIPPA and FESTUs. See Acts, xxvi. 1-29.

STE

De Vries, who was eminent in architecture and perspective, but Henry excelled him. His night views of the infides of churches, illuminated by candles and flambeaux, were much admired. He ded in 1603.

(2.) STENWYCK, Henry, the Young, fon of the old Henry, was taught by his father, and became alfo eminent. He came over to England, where he was much patronized by Charles I. He died at London in 1640.

(1.) STEP. n.f. Lep, Saxon; flap, Dutch.] 1. Progreffion by one removal of the foot.Thou found and firm-fet earth,

Hear not my steps, which way they walk. Shak.
Ling'ring perdition, worfe than any death
Can be at once, shall step by step attend
You and your ways.

Sbak.

Who was the first to explore th' untrodden path,

When life was hazarded in every step? Addif. 2. One remove in climbing, hold for the foot; a ftair.-While Solyman lay at Buda, feven bloody heads of bifhops, flain in battle, were fet in order upon a wooden ftep. Knolles.-The breath of every fingle step, or ftair fhould be never lefs than one foot, nor more than 18 inches. Hotton. Thofe heights, where William's virtue might have ftaid,

By

By Maribro' pafs'd, the props and eps were

made Sublimer yet to raife bis queen's renown. Prior. -It was a faying among the ancients, truth lies in a well; and, to carry on this metaphor, we may juftly fay, that legick toes fupply us with fieps, whereby we may go down to reich the water. Waits. 3. Quantity of frace pailed or measured by one jemoval of the foot. The gradus, a Romian meafure, may be tranflated a fep, or the half of a pailus or pace. Arbuthnot. 4. A fmall length; a mall pace.-There is but a fep between me and death. 1 Sa. xx. 3. 5. Walk; pafage; (in the plural.)-

O may thy pow'r, propitious ful to me, Conduct my steps to find the fatal tree. An. 6. Gradation; degree-The fame fin for fubftance hath fundry Steps and degrees. Perkins. 7. Progreffion; act of advancing.-To derive 2 or 3 general principies of motion from phænomena, and afterwards to tell us how the properties and actions of all corporeal things folow from those manifest principles, would be a very great Rep in philofophy, though the caufes of thofe principles were not yet difcovered. Newton.— One injury is beft defended by a ad and this by a 3d: ty thefe flops the old maiters of the palace in France became mafters of the kingdom; and by these reps a general, during pleature, might have grown into a general for life, and a general for life into a king. Savift.-He may with more cafe draw the learner to thote principics fp by Hep. Watts. 8. Footep; print of the foot.

From hence Aftrca took her Bight, and here The prints of her departing Aefs appear. Dryden's Vigil.

9. Gait; manner of walking.

Prior.

Sudden from the goiden throne With a fubmiffive fep I hated down. To. Action; inftance of conduct.-The reputapon of a man depends upon the firit fps he makes in the world. Pofe.

thou pleafcft me fo well, as I would be glad to have more fuch. Bacun-

The name of step-dame, your practised art, By which you have elrang'd my father's heart, All you have done against ine, or defign, Shows your averfion, but begets not mine. Dryd. A step-dane too I have, a curfed the, Who rules my hen-peck'd fire. Dryden. -Any body would have guiled mifs to bave been bred up under the influence of a cruel Stepdame, and John to be the fondling of a tender mother. Arbuth.

(3.) STEP, in a fhip, a block of wood fixed on the docks or bottom of a fhip, and having a hole in its upper fide, fitted to receive the heel of a maft or capftern. The feps of the main and foremafts of every fhip reit upon the kelfon, to which they are firmy fecured by knees, bolts, or fpike-nail-. The fte of the mizen-maft ufually refts upon the lower deck.

To STEP. v. n. [e pan. Saxon Stappen, Dutch.] 1. To move by a fisgle change of the place of the foot.-He was able, by the help of wings, in a running pace, to fiep constantly ten yards at a time. Wilkins. 2. To advance by a fudden progreffion.---Whofoever first after the troubling the water stepped in, was made whole. Jo. v. 4.Ventidius lately

Buried his father, by whofe death he stepp'd
Into a great cftate.

Shak.

3. To move mentally.--When a perfon is hearing a fermon, he may give his thoughts leave to lep back fo far as to recollect the feveral heads. Watts. -They are epping 3000 years back into the remoteft antiquity, the only true murour of that ancient world. Pope. 4. To go; to walk.I am in blood

5.

Spenfer.

Shak. Shak.

A father cruel, and a slep dame falfe. -Cato the elder, being aged, buried his wife, and married a young woman: his fon came to him, and faid, Sir, what have I offended, that you have brought a fep mother into your houfe? The old man anfwered, Nay, quite the contrary, fun;

When your mafter wants a fervant who happens to be abroad, anfwer, that he had but that minute fept out. Savift. 7. To walk gravely, flowly, or refolutely.-Pyrrhus, the most ancient of all the bailaws, fept forth, and earncftly requefted him to fpare his life. Knolles

When you slepp'd forth, how did the monster

STEP-CHILD, n. f. the child of a husband or wife by a former marriage.

STEP-DAME, n. f. [ftep and dame.] A step-momother. See STEP, 2; and STEP-MOTHER. STEP-DAUGHTER, n. f. [ep and daughter.] The daughter of one's husband or wife, by a former wife or husband; often very abfurdly

STEP-PATHER, n. f. ftep and father.] The husban 1 of a widow, who has children by a tormer husband. This degree is also confounded in common language, as well as in writing, and abfurdly called father-in-law, a term, which fhould be folely restricted to the father of a fon's wife, or of a daughter's husband. See AFFINITY, 3: and FATHER-IN-LAW, 1, and 2.

STEPHANAS, one of the firit Chriftian converts at Corinth, baptized by Paul. He came to Paul at Ephefus along with Fortunatus and Achaicus.

STEPHANIDES, Gulielmus, or William FitzStephen, an ancient English hiftorian of the 12th century, who flourished from the reign of K. Stephen to that of Richard I. See FITZ-STEPHEN. He is highly praised by Leland, as weli as Bayle; who compares him to PLATO.

STEPHANIUM, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order belonging to the pentandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method racking under the 47th order, Stellata. The calyx is mo nophyllous, turbinated, and quinquepartite; the corolla is monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, having its tubes curved and ventricofe: the pericarpium is a bilocular berry containing two feeds, flattened on one fide and round on the other. This genus is nearly allied to that of Ffychotria. There is only one fpecies, viz.

STEPHANIUM GUIANENSE, a native of the warmer parts of America.

STEPHANKOWICE, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Bricz: 34 miles N. of Belcz. STEPHANOPHORUS, in antiquity, the chief prieft of Palas, who prefided over the reft. It was ufual for every god to have a chief prieft; that of Palias was the Stephanophorus just mentioned, and that of Hercules was called Dadu chus. Stephanophorus was alfo a prieft that affifted the women in the celebration of the festival Thefmophoria.

STEPHANOWZE, a town of European Turkey, in Moldavia; at the conflux of the Pruth and the Bafzeu: 40 miles N. of Jafli, and 116 NW. of Bender.

(3.) STEPHEN II. was born in Rome, and was elected Pope in 752. Aftolphus, K. of the Lombards, having threatened Rome, Stephen went to France, and afked the affiftance of K. P-pin, who marched into Italy, and prevailed on Afto!phus to defift from his invafion. But on Pepin's departure, Aftolphus returned with his troops; on which Pepin attacked and defeated him; took feveral of his cities, and gave them to Stephen, which laid the foundation of that temporal power of the popes, which afterwards became fo enormous. Stephen died in 757.

(4.) STEPHEN III. a native of Sicily, was chofen Pope in 768. He was oppofed by the anti-pope Conftantine, who was condemned in a general council in 769. Stephen died in 772.

(5.) STEPHEN IV. à Roman, was elected in 816, and crowned Lewis I. in France; but died in 817. (6) STEPHEN V. fucceeded Adrian III. in 88;; and is celebrated for his virtues, learning and humility. He died in 891.

(7.) STEPHEN VI. was chofen by a party, in 896, after the anti-pope Boniface VI. He caufed the body of his predeceffor Formofus to be taken up, and thrown into the Tiber. But this act of vindictive malice rendered him fo unpopular, that the citizens revolted, tock him prifoner, put him in jail, and foon after strangled him.

(8.) STEPHEN VII. fucceeded Leo VI. A. D. 929, and died in 931.

(9.) STEPHEN VIII. a German, and a relation of the emp. Otho I. was clected Pope in 939, after Leo VII. His conduct was tyrannical and ve ry disagreeable to the Romans. He died in 942.

(10.) STEPHEN IX. brother of Godfrey, D. of Lower Lorrain, was elected pope in 1057. He affembled councils for a reformation of the morals of the clergy; which indeed they ftood much in need of. He died in 1058.

(11.) STEPHEN, king of England. See ENGLAND, § 22.

(12.) STEPHEN BATTORI, an excellent king of Poland, if he had not been too zealous a catholic. See POLAND, 17, 18.

(2-10.) STEPHANUS, the Latin name, affumed by the learned printers of the name of Stephens. See STEPHENS, N° 1-9.

(1.) STEPHEN, the first of the 7 deacons, and first martyr for Chriftianity; whence he is called the Protomartyr, fromazors, first. His election, miracies, apprehenfion, examination, glorious defence, and martyrdom, A. D. 33. are recorded in Acts vi. and vii. There is litte eife certain recorded of him. He is faid to have been a leading

STEPHENS, a family of printers who flourished at the revival of learning, and contributed a great deai towards difpelling the cloud of ignonorance, which had fo long overthadowed Europe. Some of the claffies before the 16th century were in a great meature loft, and all of them were exceedingly corrupted. By their abilites and i.. defitig ble in buitry thefe defects were fapplic', and the learned were farmthe 1 with beautihii and

correct editions of the Greek and Roman authors.

(1.) STEPHENS, Henry, the first of thefe iliuftrious men, was born in France, foon after the difcovery of printing, about 1465. He fettled as a printer at Paris, under Lewis XII. A great proportion of the books which he published were Latin: They are printed in the Roman ietter, and are not inelegant, though fome of them abound rather too much in contractions. He died about 1520, and left behind him three fons, (N° 2, 3, 4.) His widow married Simon de Colines (Colineus, Lat.), who thus got poffeffion of Henry's printing-house, and continued the profeffion till his death.

(2.) STEPHENS, Francis, the eldeft fon, carried on bufine's along with his father-in-law, Colinæus, and died at Paris in 1550.

(3.) STEPHENS, Robert the 2d fon, was born in 1503. In his youth he made great proficiency in the Roman, Greek, and Hebrew languages, and at the age of 19 had acquired fo much knowledge, that his step father, Colines, entrusted him with the management of his prefs. An edition of the New Teftament was published under his infpection, which gave great offence to the Paris divines, who accufed him of heresy, and threaten. ed to prevent the fale of the book. Soon after he began bufinefs himfelf, and married Perrete the daughter of Jodocus Badius, a printer and an author. She was a woman of learning. In 1531 he published his Thefaurus: a work of great importance, at which he laboured for two years. The mark which he put upon all his books was a tree branched, with a man looking upon it, and thefe words noli altum fapere, to which he fometimes added fed time. In 1539, Francis I. made him his printer, and ordered a new set of elegant types to be founded for him. His frequent editions of the New Teftament gave great offence to the doctors of the Sorbonne, who accufed him of herefy for his annotations, and infifted upon the fuppreffion of fome of his books. Although Henry the French king in fome measure protected him, the perfecution of thefe divines rendered him fo unhappy, not to mention the expence and loss of time which an almoft conftant attendance at court unavoida. bly occafioned, that in 1552, he abandoned his country and went to Geneva, where he embraced the Proteftant religion. He was burnt in effigy at Paris, for having changed his religion, and was faflely calumniated with having ftolen the king's types. After his arrival at Geneva, he published an account of the dispute between him and the Paris divines, which does as much honour to his abilities as his Thefaurus does to his learning. He died in 1559, after a life of the moft extraordinary industry. The books of which he was the editor were not fewer than 360. Many of them were ancient claffics in different languages. Several were accompanied with annotations which he collected, and all of them were corrected by colJating M. SS. He was fo anxious to attain perfect accuracy, that he used to expofe his proofs in public, and reward thofe who difcovered a mifHis books confeqnently were very correct. It is faid that his New Teftament, called ✪ Mirificam (because the preface begins with thefe words),

take.

has not a fingle fault. He fift divided the New Teftiment into verfes. (See SCRIPTURE, Sea, VIII.) His eftate was left exclufively to fuch of his children as fhould fettle at Geneva. He left behind him three fons Henry, Robert, and Francis.

(4.) STEPHENS, Charles, the 3d Lon of Henry, was also familiarty acquainted with the learned languages. This recommended him to Lazarus de Baif, who made him tutor to his fon, and in 1540 carried him along with him to Germany. He ftudied medicine, and practifed it with fuccefs in France. He did not, however, forfake the profeffion of his family, but exercifed it in Paris, where he became the editor of many books remarkable for neatnefs and elegance. He wrote above 30 treatises on different fu' jects, particularly on Botany, Anatomy, and History. He died in 1564.

(5.) STEPHENS, Robert, the fon of Robert, (N° 3.) did not accompany his father to Geneva, but continued to profefs the Catholic religion, and to refide at Paris. His letter was remarkably beau tiful. He was made king's printer, and died about 1589.

(6.) STEPHENS, Francis, brother to the preceding, was allo a printer. He embraced the Protestant religion, and refided at Geneva.

(7.) STEPHENS, Henry, the remaining fon of Robert, was born at Paris in 1528. He became the moft learned and most celebrated of all bis fami y. From his very birth almost he gave proofs of uncommon abilities, and displayed an ardent paffion for know.edge. He fettled at Paris, and published the odes of Anacreon. In 1554 he went to Rome, and thence to Naples. This journey was undertaken in the fervice of the French government. He was difcovered, and would have been arrested as a spy, had he not by his skill in the language of the country been able to pass for a native of Italy. On his return to France he af fumed the title of printer to Ulric Fugger, a very rich and learned German nobleman, who allowed him a confiderable penfion. In 1560 he married a relation of Henry Srimzeour, a Scottish nobleman, with whom he was intimately acquainted. (See SCRIMZEOR, N° 2.) In 1572 he publithed his Thefaurus Lingue Grace, one of the greatest works, perhaps, that ever was executed by one man, if we consider the wretched materias which more ancient dictionaries could furnish. This work had been carried on at a greater expence than he could well bear. He expected to be reimbursed by the fale of the book, as he doubtlefs would have beer, but John Scapula, one of his own fervants, extracted from it whatever he thought would be moft sevicable to ftudents, and published it beforehand in 4to. By this act of treachery Henry was reduced to poverty. (See SCAPULA.) About this time he was much beloved by Henry III. of France, who treated him fo kind y, and made him fuch flattering promifes, that he refided frequently at Court. But thefe promifes were never fulfilled, owing to the civil wars which fon after distracted France, and the unfortunate death of king Henry himicif. During the remainder of his life his fituation was very unfelded. We find bin fometimes at Paris, fome

ter into it, who cannot boat the prudence of Abigail, and the philofophy and fortitude of Socrates or Zeno. The fava noverca has been long and often juftly complained of, but the fault is fometimes on the part of the step-children.

time, in Geneva, in Germany, and even in Hungary. He died at Lyons, in 1598, at the age of 70. He was fond of poetry from his very intan. cy. It was a custom of his to compofe verfes on horseback, and even to write them, though he generally rode a very mattlefone feed. His TheJaurus was his great work, but he was afo the author of feveral other treatifes. It's poems are numerous: His Apology for Herodotus is a witty fatire on the Roman Catholics. His Concordance to the New Testament must have been a lab rious work, and has detervedly endeared him to every Chriftian who wishes to acquiré a rational and critical knowledge of the Scriptures. The number of books which he published though fewer than his father, was great and fuperior in elegance to any thing which the world had then feen. He left behind him a fon and two daugh. ters, one of whom was married to the earned Hanc Cafaubon.

(8.) STEPHENS, Paul, the fon of Henry, continued his father's profeffion at Geneva. He was a man of learning, and wrote tranflatious of several books, and published a confiderable number of the ancient claffics; but not with his father's elegance. He died in 1627, aged 60, after feiling hi- types to one Chouet a printer.

(9.) STEPHENS, Anthony, fon of Paul, the laft printer of the family, abandoned the Proteftant religion, and returned to France, the country of his ancestors. He received letters of naturalization in 1612, and was made printer to the king; but managing his affairs il, he was reduced to poverty, and obliged to retire into an hofpital where he died in 1674, miferable and blind, aged 80.

(10.) STEPHENS, Robert, a learned English antiquary, born at Eatington, in Gloucefterfhire. He was educated at Wotton, and thence fent to Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1681. He then entered at the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar. In 1702, he published A Collection of Bacon Lord Verulam's Letters, with valuable Notes. He died in 1732, when a fecond Collection of Bacon's Letter 1, made by him, was printed. (11.) STEPHEN'S CHAPEL, ST, the Parliament Houfe, where the House of Commons meet. See WESTMINSTER.

(12.) STEPHEN'S DAY, ST, a feftival of the Christian church, obferved on the 26th of Decem. ber, in memory of the firft martyr St STEPHEN.

(13.) STEPHEN'S ISLAND, an ifland of New Zealand, in the NW. part of Cook's Straits. Lon. 185. 6. W. Lat. 40. 36. S.

(14, 15.) STEPHEN'S ISLANDS, 2 iflands in the E. Indian Ocean, difcovered by Cartwright, in 1767; the one 3 miles long, the other 6; with about 2 miles water between them.

(16.) STEPHENS'S MEDICINE FOR THE STONE. See ALKALINE SALTS, 10.

STEP-MOTHER, n. f. 1ßep and mother. The wife of a man, who has children by a former marriage; often erroneously tiled MOTHER-INLAW, though no degrees in affinity can be more diftinct. (See AFFINITY, § 3; and STEP, § 2.) The fituation of a step-mother is one of the moft trying and critical in life. No woman should enVOL. XXI. PART II.

(1.) STUPNEY, George, an English poet and statelman, defcended from an ancient family at Pendigratt, in Pembrokeflure, but born at London, in 1663. He was educated at Westminster, and then fent to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1682; where he formed a frict riendship with Charles Montague, afterwards Earl of Halifax; through whofe influence, after the revolution, he was nominated to several foreign embassies; as, in 1692, to the elector of Brandenburg; in 1693, to the emperor; in 1694, to the elector of Saxony; in 1696, to the electors of Mentz and Cologn, and the congrefs at France; and in 1696, Q. Anne fent him envey to the States General. In all his negociations he was very fuccefsful. He published severa, poems, and fome political tracts; and died at Chelsea in 1709, aged only 44,

(2, 3.) STEPNEY, a parish and village of Middlefex, E. of London, and almost contiguous to it. The parifh was anciently fo extendive, that 6 populous parishes have been ma le out of it, and yet it ftill remains the largest in the bilis of mortality.

STEPPINGSTONE. n. f. [tep and fione.] Stone laid to catch the foot, and lave it from wet or dirt.-

Like Repping ones to fave a stride, In ftreets where kennels are too wide. Swift. STEP-SON, n.. [frep and fon.] the fon of a huf band or wife by a former marriage. See AFFINITY, 3; and STEP, § 2.

STERANG, a town of Norway, in Aggerhuys; 16 miles NNW. of Chriftiania.

* STERCORACEOUS. adj. [ftercoraceus, Latin.] Belonging to dung; partaking of the nature of dung.-Green juicy vegetabies, in a heap together, acquire a heat equal to that of a human body; then a putrid flercoraceous taste and odour. Arbuthnot.

STERCORANISTE, or STERCORISTS, STERCORARIANS, from Aercus, dung, a name which thofe of the Romith church anciently gave to fuch as held that the hoft was inable to digeftion, and all its confequences, like o ther food. See Scorus, N° 1.

*STERCORATION. n.. from fercora, Latin.] The act of dunging; the act of manuring with dung.-The firft hep is ftercoration: the fheeps dung is one of the beft. Bacon.-Stercoration is feasonable. Evelyn.-The exteriour puip of the fruit ferves not only for the fecurity of the feed, whilft it hangs upon the plant, but, after it is fallen upon the earth, for the Bercoration of the foil. Ray.

STERCORISTS. See Scotus, N° 1.

STERCULIA, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the class of monacia, and order of monadelphia; and in the natural fyftem under the 38th order, tricocce. The male calyx is quinquepartite; there is no corolla, but there are 15 filaments. The female calyx is quinquepartite; there is no coroila; the germen is placed on a Fff

pillar,