STA STA Shak. 2. A fudden roufing to action; excitment.— To check the farts and fallies of the foul. tion. She did speak in ftarts diftractedly. Shak. Ben Jonfon. - Nature does nothing by starts and leaps. L'E tr. -A little chagrin, or a start of paffion, is not e5. A quick nough to take kave upon. Collier. fpring or motion; a floot; a puth.-In flings, the more they are wound up and frained, and thereby give a more quick start back, the more treble is the found. Bacon.-Both cause the ftring to give a quicker fart. Bacon.-How could water make those visible starts upon freezing, but by fome fubtile freezing principle. Grew. 6. Firft es million from the barrier; act of fetting out.Shak. Straining upon the start. Every man then for the start caft in his proper Свартая. lot. 7. -The start of first performance is all. Bacon. Will get the start. Crafbar. Ere the knight could do his part, The fquire had got so much the start, H' had to the lady done his errand. Hudibras. -She might have forfaken him, if he had not got the start of her. Dryden.-The reafon why the mathematicks and mechanick arts have fo much got the tart in growth of other fciences, may be refolved into this, that their progrefs hath not been retarded by that reverentia awe of former difcoverers. Glanville.-The French year has got the Start of ours more in the works of nature than in the new ftyle. Addifon. (1.) TO START. v. n. [ startzen, Germ.] 1. To feel a fudden and involuntary twitch or motion of the animal frame, on the apprehenfion of danger. -Starting is an apprehenfion of the thing feared, and in that kind it is a motion of fhrinking; and likewife an inquifition, in the beginning, what the matter should be, and in that kind it is a motion of erection, and therefore, when a man would liften fuddenly to any thing, he starteth; for the Starting is an erection of the spirits to attend. Bac. A fhape appear'd Shak. Bending to look on me: I started back; 2. I fart as from fome dreadful dream. Dryden. Have follow'd with delight the powerful found. They starting up beheld the heavy fight. Dryd. -The mind often works in fearch of fome hidden idea, though fometimes they start up in our minds of their own accord. Locke Nay, thould great Homer lift his awful head, Zoilus again would start up from the dead. Pope. 3. To move with fudden quicknef . The flower, call'd out of their beds, Start and raile up their drowsy heads. Clearl. A fpirit fit to ftart into an empire. Dryden. She at the fummons roll'd her eyes around, And snatch'd the starting ferpents from the Pope. ground. 4. To fhrink; to winch.-What Starting hole, can't thou find out to hide thee from this open fhame? Shak. Henry IV.— If he start, Shak. It is the flesh of a corrupted heart. 5. To deviate.-They are beft able to bring them in, whenfoever any of them starteth out. Spenter, Th' od drudging fun from his long-beaten way, Shall at thy voice start and mifguide the day. I rank him with the prodigies of fame, With bearded infants, and with teeming mules. -Keep your foul to the work when ready to start Atham'd, when I have ended well my race, The youthful charioteers with heaving heart At once they start advancing in a line. Dryd. 7. To fet out on any purfuit. Fair courfe of paffion, where two lovers start, And run together, heart ftill yokt with heart. Waller. 358 ) Shak. The very print of a fox-foot would have started ye. L'Eltrange. 2. To make to ftart or fly haftiJy from a hiding place; to roufe by a fudden difturbance. The blood more ftirs To rouze a lion than to start a hare. The rifing game. Shak. Pope. 3. To bring into motion; to produce to view or Dotice: to produce unexpectedly.— Brutus will start a fpirit as foon as Cæfar. -What exception can possibly be started against Shak. this ftating? Hammond. It was unadvifediy done, when I was enforcing a weightier defign, to start and follow another of lefs moment. Spratt.-The prefent occafion has started the difpute amongst us. Lefiey.-Infignificant cavils may be started against every thing. Additon:-1 was engaged in conversation upon a subje& which the people love to start in difcourse. Addi on. to bring within purfait -The fenfuai men agree 4. To discover; in purluit of every pleasure they can start. Temple. 5. To put fuddenly out of place.-One, by a fail in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the fternon. Wifeman. *STARTER. 2. f. [from start] 1. One that fhrinks from his purpose. Toit thee fee I am no starter. Hudibras. 2. One who fuddenly moves a question or objection. 3. A dog that routes the game.-If Sheridan was not the ftaunchest hound in the pack, he was at leaft the heft starter. Delany. *STARTINGLY. adv. from Starting.] By fudden fits; with frequent intermiffion. Why do you speak so startingly and rash? * STARTLE. n. f. [from the verb.] Sudden alarm; fhock; fudden impreffion of terrour.-After having recovered from my first startle, I was very well pleafed at the accident. Spectator. (1.)* TO STARTLE. v. a. [from start.] 1. To fright; to fhock; to impress with fudden terrour, furprife, or alarm.— Such while ring wak'd her, but with Startled eye on, feeling a fudcen impreffion of alarm or terrour. Why fhrinks the foul And Startle into madness at the found. Addifon. (1.) * STARTUP. n. f. [ start and up.] One that comes fuddenly into notice.-That young startup hath all the glory of my overthrow. Shak. or the fame compound inverted, UPSTART, is more first used by Lord Vifc. Melville, then Mr Secre- * Sterven, Dutch, to die.] 1. To perith; to be de(1.) To STARVE. v. n. [ftearfan, Saxon; troyed. Obfolete. To her came meffage of the murderment, Wherein her guiltless friends should hopeless ftarve. fore the caufe; of lefs properly.-Were the pains of Have I seen the naked starve for cold, Sometimes virtue ftarves while vice is fed. (2.) To STARVE. v. a. 1. To kill with hunger. Shak. Prior. Hunger and thirft, or guns and fwords, Are wolfifh, blood),flar'd, and ravenous. Shok. He He would hove worn her out by flow degrees, As men fasting starve th' untam'd difeafe. Dryd. -Attalus endeavoured to ftarve Italy, by ftopping their convoy of provifions. Arbuthnot. 3. To kill with cold From beds of raging fire to starve in ice. Milt. 4. To deprive of force o vigour.-The powers of their minds are Itarved by difufe. Locke. STARVE GUT POINT, a cape on the SW. coaft of Jamaica. Lon. 77. 45. W. Lat. 17. 58. N. (1.) * STARVELING. adj. [from starve.] Hungry; lean; pining. The starling brood, Void of fufficient fuftenance, will yield A flender Autumn. Philis. Poor ftarveling bard, how fmall thy gains! How unproportion'd to they pains! Swift. (2.) * STARVELING. . f. An animal thin and weak for want of nourishment.-If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows; for old fir John hangs with me, and he's no ftarveling. Shak. Thy poor ftarveling bountifully fed. Donne. -The fat ones would be making fport with the lean, and calling them ftarvelings. L'Eftrange. STARWITZ, a town of Silefia, in Grotkau; 3 miles N. of Patschau. (1.) STARWORT. n.f. [after, Lat.] A plant. Miller. (2.) STAR-WORT, in botany. See ASTER. (3.) STAR-WORT, BASTARD, a fpecies of BUPH. THALMUM. (4.) STAR-WORT, TRAILING. See TRIDAX. (5.) STAR-WORT, YELLOW, is a fpecies of I NULA. STASFURT, a town of Lower Saxony, in Mag deburg: : 20 miles S. of Magdeburg. STASIDA, à small island in the Mediterranean Sea: 8 miles NW. of Scarpanto. STASNAS, a town of Sweden, in Warmland. STATARY. adj. [from status, Lat.] Fixed; fettied. The fet and statary times of pairing of nails, and cutting of hair, is but the continuation of ancient fuperftition. Brown. (1.) * STATE. n.J. [ftatus, Lat.] 1. Condi tion; circumftances of nature or fortune.I do not Infer as if I thought my fifter's state Milton. -I found the whole city highly concerned for the hazardous state of Candia. Brown.-Their fins have the aggravation of being fins againft grace, which makes the state of apoftates as the unexcufable, fo the moft defperately dangerous ftate. Hammond.-Thus have his prayers for others, altered and amended the state of his own heart. Law. Declare the past and present state of things. Pope. Their fates far off, and they of wary wit.' 5. Mode of government.-No state can be named wherein any part of the body of those imperial laws hath the juft force of a law. Selden. 6. The community; the publick; the commonwealth.If any thing more than your fport Did move your greatnefs, and this no' le state, To call on him, he hopes it is no other, But for your health's fake. A state's anger Should not take knowledge either of fools or Ben Jonfon women. Shak I hear her talk of state matters. Ben Jonfon. It was the state that now muft inake his right. Daniel. -The state hath given you licence to stay on land for fix weeks. Bacon.-It is better the kingdom should be in good eitate, with particular lofs to many, than that all the people fhould be well, and the state of the kingdom altogether loft. Hayward.-It is a bad exchange to wound a man's own confcience, thereby to salve state fores. King Charles. For you we ftay'd, as did the Grecian state "Till Alexander came. Waller. -It were better for the state to keep them. Graunt. Awful Radamanthus rules the state. Dryden. 7. Hence fingle state in Shakespeare for indviduality. My thought, whofe murther yet is but fantaftical, Shakes fo my fingle state of man, that function Is fmother'd in furmife. Shak. 8. Civil pow'r no ecclefiaftical.-The fame criminal may be abfolved by the church, and con demned by the state; abfolved or pardoned by the state, yet cenfured by the church. Lesley. 9. A republick; a government not monarchical.They feared nothing from a state so narrow and fo weak. Temple. 10. Rank; condition; quality.- In your state of honour I am perfect. Shak. High state the bed is where misfortune lies. Fairfax. 11. Solemn pomp; appearance of greatness.When in triumphant state the British mufe, True to herself, shall barb'rous aid refuse. Rofcommon. In state the monarchs m.arch'd. Dryden. Where leaft of state, there most of love is shorun. Dryden. -To appear in their robes would be a troublefome piece of state. Collier. His very state acknowledging his fears. Prior. -Could it be any comfort to me, that they found me upon a bed of state? Law. 12. Dignity; grandeur.-She instructed him how he should keep state. Bacon. Butler. The fwan rows her state with oary feet. Milt He was ftaid, and in his gait Preferv'd a grave majestick state. Such cheerful modefty, fuch bumble state, -Moves certain love. Waller.— Like the papifts is your poet's state, Poor and difarm'd. 2. Modification of any thing.-Keep the state of the question in your eye. Boyle. 3. Stationary point; crifis; height: point from which the next movement is regreffion.-Having but two more to run through, that is, its state and declination. Brown.-Tumours have their beginning, auge will confider, not what arts will fooneft ment, state, and declination, Wileman. 4. Ef make him richer than his brethren, or remove tat, Fr.) Eftate; figniory; poffeflion.him from a fhop to a life of state. Law. 13. A Can this imperious lord forget to reign, Quit all his state, defcend, and ferve. Pope. feat feat of dignity.-This chair fhall be my state, this cushion my crown. Shak.-She affected not the gradeur of a state with a canopy. Arbuthnot.-The brain was her ftudy, the heart her state room. Arbuthnot. 14. A canopy; a covering of dignity.-Over the chair is a state made round of ivy, fomewhat whiter than ours: and the state is curioufly wrought with filver and filk. Bacon.His high throne, under state Milton. Of richest texture forea/. 15. A perfon of high rank. Obfolete.-She is a dutchefs; a great state. Latymer. 16. The principal perfons in the government.— The hold defign Pleas'd highly thofe infernal states. Milton. 17. Joined with another word it fignifies publick. -I am no courtier, nor verfed in state affairs. Bacon- The scavengers that fweep state nufances, And are themfeives the greatest. Dryden. -am accused of reflecting upon great statesfolks. Swift. (2.) STATE OF A CONTROVERSY. See ORATORY, Part I. Sect. I. § 33, 34. *To STATE. v. a. [constater, Fr.] 1. To fettle; to regulate. This is fo stated a rule, that ail cafuifts prefs it. Decay of Piety.-This is to state accounts, and looks more like merchandize than friendship. Collier. He is capable of corruption who receives more than what is the stated fee of his office. Addifon. 2. To reprefent in all the circumstances of modification.-Many other inconveniences are confequent to this stating of this question; and particularly that, by thofe which thus ftate it, there hath never yet been affigned any definite number of fundamentals. Hammond. -Its prefent itate ftateth it to be what it now is. Hale.-Were our cafe stated to any fober heathen, he would never guefs why they who acknowledge the neceffity of prayer, and confefs the fame God, may not afk in the fame form. Decay of Piety.To state it fair.y, imitation is the most advantageous way for a tranflator to fhew himfelf. Dryden.-I pretended not fully to state, much lefs demonftrate, the truth contained in the text. Atter bury-I don't pretend to state the exact degree of inifchief that is done by it. Law. * STATELINESS. n. f. {from stately.] 1. Gran deur; majestic appearance; anguft manner; dignity. We may guefs at the Stateline's of the building by the magnificence of its ruins. South.-For ftatelinefs and majefty what is comparable to a horte? More. 2. Appearance of pride; affected dignity. Agenor glad fuch punctual ready biifs Did on his own defign itself obtrude, Swell'd his vaft looks to bigger ftatelinefs. She hated ftatelinefs. Beaumont. Betterion. * STATELY. adj. [from state.] 1. August; grand; lofty; elevated; majestick; magnificent. A ftatelier pyramid to her I'll rear, Than Rhodope's or Memphis' ever was. Shak. -Thele regions have abundance of high colus, and other stately trees. Raleigh.-Truth, ike a Stately done, will not thew hertelf at the fin vifit. South. He many a waik travers'd Of Statelieft covert, cedar, pine, or palm. Milt. 2. Elevated in mien or sentiment.— Ye that stately tread or lowly creep. Milton. He maintains majefty in the midit of plainness, and is stately without ambition. Dryden. (1.) STATEN ISLAND, an ifland of New York, comprehending Richmond county; 9 miles from New York. It is 48 miles long and 7 broad. The land on the S. is fertile, the rest hilly, rugged, and barren. The citizens are moftly defcendants of French and Dutch. In 1795, the population was 3076 citizens, and 759 flaves. Richinond is the capital. (2.) STATEN LAND, a barren rocky ifland, on the SE. fide of the Straits of Magellan. Lon. 64. 30. Lat. 54. 30. S. STATERA, in antiquity, the Steel-yard. See STEEL-YARD, § 2. * STATEROOM. n. f. [from state and room.] A magnificent room in a palace or great house. (1.) * STATES. n. f. pl. [from jtates.] Nobility. (2.) STATES, or ESTATES, a term applied to feveral orders or claffes of people affembled to confult of matters for the public good. (3.) STATES GENERAL was the name of the cidevant allembly confifting of the deputies of the feven United Provinces. These were usua'iy 30 in number, fome provinces fending 2, others more; and whatever resolution the states general took, must be confirmed by every province, and by every city and republic in that province, before it had the force of a law. The deputies of each province had only but one voice, and were ef teemed as but one perfon, the votes being given by provinces. Each province prefided in the affembly in its turn, according to the order settled among them. Guelderland first, then Holland, &c. (4.) STATES OF HOLLAND were the deputies of 18 cities, and one reprefentative of the nobi lity, conftituting the ftates of the province of Hol land: the other provinces have likewife their ftates, reprefenting their fovereignty; deputies from which make what they call the ftates-generai. In an affembly of the ftates of a particular province, one diffenting voice prevents their coming to any refolution. (5.) STATES, UNITED. Se AMERICA, § 2754; and UNITED STATES. STATESBURG, a port town of Carolina, capital of Clermont county, on Beech Creech, a bove its influx into the Waterec: 20 miles S. by E. of Camder, 100 N. by W. of Charlestown, and 645 from Philadelphia. * STATESMAN. n. f. ftate and man.] 1. A politician; one verfed in the arts of government.It looks grave enough To seem a statesman Ben Tonfan. The corruption of a poet is the generation of a ftat finan. Pope. 2. Oue employed in public af. tairs. Bond faves and pagans fhall our state'men be. Shak. -I is a weakness which attends high and low; the fict fman, as well as the pealant. South.-Ah folute Bentley. folute power is not a plant that will grow in this much of the fluid as is equal u. bulk to the imfoil; and statemen, who have attempted to culti- merfed part be equal in gravity to the whole. vate it here, have pulled on their own and their master's ruin. Davenant.—A Brit.fi mirifter muft expect to fee many friends fall off, whom he can not gratify, fince, to ute the phrafe of a late Hatef man, the pasture is not large enough. Addison.-Here Britain's Statesmen oft the fall of foredoom, Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs at home. Pope. STATESWOMAN. n. f. Iftate and woman. A woman who meddles with publick affairs in contempt. How she was in debt, and where he meant To raise fresh fums: fhe's a great stateswoman! Ben Jonfon. -Several objects may innocently be ridiculed, as the paffions of our state/women. Addison. * STATICAL. STATICK, adj. [from the noun.] Relating to the fcience of weighing.-A man weigheth fome pounds lefs in the height of Win. ter, according to experience, and the fatick aphorifms of Sanctorius. Brown. If one by a statical engine could regulate his infenfible perspiration, he might often, by restoring of that, forefee, prevent, or shorten a fit of the gout. Arbuthnot. STATICE, THRIFT, or Sea Pink, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the clafs of pentandria, and order of pentagynia; and in the naturai fyitem ranging under the 48th order, aggregate. The calyx is monophyllous, entire, folded, and teariofe. There are five petels with one fuperior feed, There are 22 fpecies, viz. 1. STATICE ARMERIA; 2. AUREA; 3. CORDATA; 4. ECHINUS; 5. ECHIOIDES: 6. FERULACEA; 7. FLEXUOSA; 8. INCANA ; 9. LIMONIUM; 10. LI. NIFOLIA; 11. LOBATA; 12. MINUTA; 13. MONOPETALA; 14. MUCRONATA; 15. PRUINOSA; 16. PSEUD-ARMERIA; 17. PURPURĂTA; 18. RETICU. LATA; 19. SINUATA; 20. SPECIOSA; 21. SUF. FRUTICOSA; and, 22. TARTARICA. Of thefe, 3 fpecies are natives of Britain: viz. 1. STATICE ARMERIA, thrift or fea gilly-flower, has a fimple naked ftem, about fix inches high. The radical leaves are like grafs. The flowers are terminal, pale red, with a round head, and not very large. This plant flowers in July or Auguft, and grows in meadows near the fea. 2. STATICE LIMONIUM, fea-lavender. The stem is naked, branched, and about a foot high. The radical leaves are long, pointed, and grow on foot. ftalks. The flowers are blue, and grow on long fpikes on the tops of the branches. It grows on the fea-coaft in South Britain. 3. STATICE RETICULATA, matted sea lavender, The ftem is proftrate, and terminated by a panicle of flowers. The branches are naked, barren, and bent back. The leaves are wedge-haped. This fpecies are also found on the fea-coaft of South Britain. (1.)* STATICK. See STATICAL. (2.) STATICKS. n. f. [Tra¶nn; statique Fr.] The fcience which confiders the weight of bodies.— This is a catholic rule of staticks, that if any body be bulk for bulk heavier than a fluid, it will fink to the bottom; and if lighter it will float upon it, having part extant, and part immeritd, & that fo VOL. XXI. PART II. (3.) STATICS, a term which the modern improvements in the arts have made it neceflary to introduce into phyfico-mathematical fcience. It was found convenient to diftribute the doctrines of univerfal mechanics into two claffes, which required both a different mode of confideration and different principles of reafoning. Til the time of ARCHIMEDES little fcience of this kind was poifetled by the ancients, from whom we have received the first rudiments. His inveftigation of the centre of gravity, and his theory of the lever, are the foundations of our knowledge of common mechanics; and his theory of the equilibrium of floating bodies contains the greatest part of our hydrostatical knowledge. But it was as yet limited to the fimpleft cafes: and there were fome in which Archimedes was ignorant, or was mistaken The marquis GUIDO UBULDI in 1578, published his Theory of Mechanics, in which the doctrines of Archimedes were well explained and confiderably augmented. STEVINUS, the celebrated Dutch engineer, published about 20 years after an excellent Syftem of Mechanics, containing the chief principles which now form the fcience of equilibrium among folid bodies. In particular, he gave the theory of inclined planes, which was unknown to the ancients, though it is of the very firft importance in almost every machine. He even ftates in the most exprefs terms the principle afterwards made the foundation of the whole of mechanics, a d publifhed as a valuable difcovery by VARIGNON, VIZ. that three forces, whofe directions and intensities are as the fides of a triangle, balance each other. His theory of the preffure of fluids, or hydroftatics, is no lefs eftimable, including every thing that is now received as a leading principle in the fcience. When we confider the ignorance, even of the most learned, of that age in mechanical or phyfico-mathematical knowledge, we muft connder those performances as the works of a great gens, and we regret that they are fo little known, being loft in a croud of good writings on thofe fubjects which appeared foon after. Hitherto the attention had been turned entirely to equilibrium, and the cir cumftances neceffary for producing it. Mechanicians indeed faw, that the energy of a machine might be fomehow measured by the force which could be oppofed or overcome by its intervention but they did not remark, that the force which prevented its motion, but did no more than prevent it, was an exact meature of its energy, because it was in immediate equilibrio with the preffure exerted by that part of the machine with which it was connected. If this' oppofed force was lefs, or the force acting at the other extremity of the machine was greater, the mechanicians knew that the machine would move, and that work would be performed; but what would be the rate of its motion or its performance, they hardly pretended to conjecture. They had not studied the action of moving forces, nor conceived what was done when motion was communicated. The great GALILEO opened a new field of fpeculation, in his work on Local Motion. He there confiders a change of motion as the indication and exact and adequate 'meature |