the Dr, was born at Amberg, in the Upper Pala- D. D. at Leyden in 1655; and foon acquired tinate, in 1600, and carefully educated by his fa- great fame at Heidelberg, where he received mather. He ftudied alfo in the college of Amberg; ny favours from the elector; but these did not went thence, in 1614, to the univerfity of Heidel- prevent him from honeftiy and zealously oppofing berg, where he made a rapid progrefs in philofo- the elector, when he propofed to divorce his lady phy and languages. In 1619, he went to Geneva and marry another. He was frequently invited to ftudy divinity. From 1621 to 1624, he refided to other univerfities, but continued at Heidelberg in Dauphine with the governor of Ambrun, as tu- till 1670, when he accepted of the profefforihip tor. In 1625, he came over to Oxford, but in 4 of divinity and church hiftory, at Leyden, where months was obliged to fly to avoid the plague. he was alfo made ibrarian, and was 4 times elec He refused a profefforship of Philofophy at Lau- ted rector. His works are chiefly theological, and fione; but, in 1627, difputed for the fame office were printed in 3 vols folio, in 1703. He was at Geneva, and carried it. He then married a la- three times married, and had several children; of dy of Poiton, defcended of the famous BUDÆUS. whom only one for, Frederick, furvived him. He He was admitted minifter foon after, and in 1631, died in 1701, aged 69. on the death of Turretin, was appointed profeffor of divinity. In 1642, he left Geneva, and taking his degree at Bafil, went to Leyden, where his fame increased higher than ever. He published both on Theology and Hiflory; but his great exertions fhortened his days, and he died in May, 1649. (3.) SPANHEIM, Ezekiel, the eldest son of Frederick was born at Geneva in 1629. In 1642 he went to Leyden, where he diftinguished kimfelf greatly; and his reputation fpreading, Charles Lewis elector palatine fent for him to be tutor to his only fon. This talk our author difcharged to the entire fatisfaction of the elector; by whom he was alfo employed in dɩvers negotiations at foreign courts. He afterwards entered into the fervice of the elector of Brandenburg, who in 1680 fent him envoy extraordinary to the court of France, and foou after made him a minifter of flate. After the peace of Ryfwic, he was again fent on an embally to France, where he continued from 1697 to 1702. The elector of Brandenburg, having during that interval affumed the title of King of Pruffia, conferred on him the title and dignity of a baron. In 1702 he left France; and went ambalador to Logland, where he had been feveral times. Here he died in 1710, aged 81 years. It is furpriting, that in difcharging the duties of a public minifter with fo much exactness, and amidst fo many different journeys, he could find time to write the feveral books publifhed by him: yet he acquitted himself in his negotiations like a perfon who had nothing elfe in his thoughts; and wrote like a man who had spent his whole time in his ftudy. His chief works are, 1. De præftantia et vfu numifmatum antiquorum; the best edition of which is in 2 vols. folio. 2. Several differtations on scarce and curious medals. 3. A preface and notes to the edition of the emperor Julian's works, printed at Leipfic in 1696, folio.. (4.) SPANHEIM, Frederick, D. D. brother of Ezekiel, was born at Geneva in 1632; and in his roth year was taken by his father to Leyden; where he ftudied philosophy under Hereboord, and was admitted Doctor in that science in his 19th year. He ftudied Greek under Boxton; and Arabic under Gohus. In 1652, he began to preach, and foon acquired fuch great fame in Zealand and Utrecht, that in his 23d year the e. lector Palatine invited him to be profeffor of divis ity at Heidelberg. He accepted, and became SPANIA, an ancient name of SPAIN. SPANIARDS, n. f. [from Spania, Lat.] the inhabitants of Spain. See SPAIN, 37, 40, 42. (1.) * SPANIEL. n. f. {bifpaniolus, Lat. efpag neal, Fr.] 1. A dog used for sports in the field, remarkable for fagacity and obedience.-I found him, having newly met with an excellent fanie! belonging to his dead companion. Sidney.—There are arts to reclaim the wildeft men, as there are to make spaniels fetch and carry. Dryden. 2. A low, mean, ineaking fellow; a courtier; a dedi cator; a penfioner; a dependant; a placeman.— Low crooked curt'fies, and bafe Spaniel fawning. Shak I am your spaniel; and, Demetrius, Shak. (2.) SPANIEL, in zoology. See CANIS, 91, N° vi, (1.) 3; and (2.) 15. *To SPANIEL. vn. [from the noun.] To fawn; to play the fpaniel. (1.) SPANISH, adj. [from Spania, Latin.] Of, or belonging to, made or produced in, or brought from SPAIN. (2.)* SPANISH BROOM. n. f. [genifla junca, Latin.] A plant fo called, as being a native of Spain. Miller.' (3.) SPANISH BROOM. See SPARTIUM, N° 1, (4.) SPANISH COVE, in geography, a creek of Ireland, on the S. coaft of Cork, NE. of Brow head. (5.) * SPANISH FLY. n. f. [cantharis, Lat. A venomous fly that thines like gold, and breeds it the tops of afhes, olives, &c. It is used to rail blifters. (6.) SPANISH FLY, in entomology. See CAN THARIS. (7.) SPANISH ISLAND, an island of Ireland, Baltimore Bay, near the coaft of Cork, Munfter (8) SPANISH MAIN, a name given to that par of the fea, on the coaft of America, which tends from the Mosquito Shore, along the coaft of Darien, Carthagena, and Venezuela, the Leeward Iflands. (9.)* SPANISH NUT. n. f. [firinchium, Lat A piant. Miller. (10.) SPANISH NUT is a fpecies of IRIS. (II. SPANISH POINT, a cape on the NE. co of St Vincents. Lon. 61. 12. W. Lat. 13. 24. (12, 13.) SPANISH RIVER, a river and town the inland of Cape Breton. The town is the pr fent feat of government. See BRETON, CAPE (14.) SPANIS (15.) SPANISH TOWN. See VIRGIN GORDA. of Jamaica, called alfo St Jago. See JAGO, N° II; and JAMAICA, N° 1. (14.) SPANISH Town, the capital of the island SPANKER. n.f. A small coin. Your cure too costs you but a spanker Denh. SPANNBERG, a town of the empire of Auttria, g miles S. of Zifterfdorf. lyze. To do fo, M. Kiaproth was obliged to melt it no lefs than 12 times with 15 parts of foda or mineral alkali, in a fiver crucible; the heat being each time continued for five hours as ftrong as the crucible could bear. After each fufion the mafs was foftened by boiling diftilled water, filtering and precipitating by acids the fmall quantity of earth which the alkali had diffolved; and laftly, that portion which had not been decompo fed was digefted at different times with concen. trated and boiling acids. See the refult under MINERALOGY, as above. From a letter of M. Morveau to Mr Crell, it appears that this ftone is alfo found in France. A fmall bit of this was tried by him in prefence of Mr Wedgewood, and he found that its fpecific gravity is fuperior to that of China, being no iefs than 41803, and the true adamantine spar of China gave 3'8222. SPANNER. n.f. The lock of a fufee or carabine. Bailey.—My prince's court is now full of nothing but buff-coats, Spanners, aud mufket-refis. Howel. SPANSE, a hill of Ireland, in Clare. (1.) SPAR. n. f. 1. Marcalite.-Spar is a mixed body, confifting of crystai incorporated fometimes with lac lune, and fometimes with other mineral, ftony, carthy, or metallick matter. Woodavard. Some ftores, as spar of lead, diffolved in proper menftruums, become falt. Neauton. 2. [Sparre, Dutch.] A fmall beam; the bar of a' gate. (2.) SPAR, in the old fyftem of mineralogy, is a name given to those earths which break cafily into rhomboidal, cubical, or laminated fragments with polished furfaces. As the term par is thus applied to ftones of different kinds, without any regard to the ingredients of which they are compofed, fome additional term must be used to exprefs the conftituent parts as well as the figure; for inftance, calcareous fpar, gypfeous fpar, &c. The fpars found in Britain and Ireland are of four different species; opaque, refracting, diaphanous, and ftalactitical. i. SPAR, DIAPHANOUS, is rhomboidal, triangular, hexangular, pyramidal or columnar; and is found in mines, quarries, and caverns, in many different places. ii. SPAR, OPAQUE, is rhomboidal, hexangular, and triangular, of various colours, and is found in mines in Wales, Derbyshire, &c. and at Ovens near Cork. iii. SPAR, REFRACTING, is rhomboidal, shows objects feen through it double, and fometimes 8, 12, or 16 images at once. It is frequent in the lead mines of Derbyshire, Yorkshire, &c. iv. SPAR, STALACTITICAL, icicle, or drop-stone, is formed by the running or dropping of water, containing a large proportion of calcareous earth. It is opaque, generally laminated, but from accidental circumstances affumes various forms. It occurs at Knaresborough in Yorkshire, and at Ovens near Cork. (4.) SPAR, FELT, or FELT-SPAR, or FELSPAR, as Dr Thomfon fpells it, is called by former mineralogifts RHOMBIC QUARTZ, and is the PETUNTSE of the Chinese. See QUARTZ, N° III; and MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. IV. Class 1. Ord. I. Gen. VII. Sp. 5. and Gen. IX. Sp. 1. (5.) SPAR, PONDEROUS, or TERRA PONDEROSA, is now called BARYTES, by modern minera logifts. See CHEMISTRY, Index; and MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. III. § I. (6.) SPAR, SHILLER. See MINERALOGY, Part 11. Chap. IV. Class I. Order I. Gen. VII. Sp. 10. lar. 2. (7.) SPAR, SILICEOUS. See MINERALOGY, as above, Gen. XVI. Sp. 1. (1.) To SPAR. v. a. parran, Saxon; fperren. German.] To fhut; to clofe; to bar.Sparre the yate faft for fear of fraud. Spenfer. Six gates i' th' city with massy staples, Spar up the fons of Troy. Shak. Kiddie the door sparred after her fast. Spens. (2.) To SPAR. v. n. To fight with prelufive ftrokes. * * SPARABLE. n. f.'[[parran, Sax. to faften.] Small nails. *SPARADRAP. n. f. [In pharmacy.] A cerecloth. With application of the common paradrap for iffues, this ulcer was by a fontanel kept open. Wifeman. (1.)* SPARE. adj. 1. Scanty; not abundant; partimonious; frugal. He was spare, but difercet of fpeech. Cares-Men ought to beware, that they use not exercise and a spare diet both. Bacon. Spare faft, that oft with gods doth diet. Milt. The matters of the world were bred up with pare diet. Locke. 2. Superfluous; unwanted. No pare cloths he had to give. Spenfer. There were fet forth ten pare chambers. Bacon. They have more spare time upon their hands. Addijon.- (3.) SPAR, ADAMANTINE, a new fpecies of spar, lately found in the Eaft Indies. See MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. IV. Clafs I. Ord. 1. Gen. 1. Sp. 2. Dr Thomion makes it the fame with the Corundum of Gmelin. There are two varieties of this fpar; one of them comes from China, and cryftallizes in hexagonal prifms without pyramids, the length of the fides varying from 6 to 12 lines; their breadth being about 9, of a grey colour with different fhades. The other kind found in Hindoftan is of a whiter colour, and of a more laminated texture than the former: the grains of iron contained in it are likewife of a fmailer fize than thofe of the former; they are not diffufed. through its fubftance, but only adhere to its fure Face. This fpar is exceedingly difficult to ana In my spare hours you've had your part. Norris. 3. Lean; wanting fluth; macilent.-O give me your spare men, and spare me the great ones. Shak. I do not know the man I fhould avoid So foon as that Spare Caffius. Shak His vifage drawn he felt too sharp and spare, His arms clung to his ribs. Milton. (2.) * SPARE. n. f. [from the verb.] Parfimony; frugal ufe; hutbandry. Not in ufe.They They therefore will make still his goods their 2. To forbear; to be fcrupulous.-His foldiers prey, pared not to fay that they should be unkindly dealt with. Knolles. Without all Spare or end. Chapman. -Our victuais faiied us, though we had made good Spare of them. Bacon. (1.) To SPARE. v. a. [fparan, Saxon; spaeren, Dutch; efpargne, Fr.] 1. To ufe frugally; not to wafte; not to confume. Thou thy father's thunder didft not spare. Milton. 2. To have unemployed; to fave from any part cular ufe. All the time he couid fpare from the neceffary cares of his weighty charge he bestowed on prayer. Knolles. He had no bread to pare. L'Etrange. The wife knew not of any that they had to spare. Tillotson.-Every one who can spare a fhilling fhall be a fubfcriber. Savift. 3. To do without; to lofe willingly. To pluck and eat my fill I spar'd not. Milton. 3. To ufe mercy; to forgive; to be tender.Their ing was fparing, and compaffionate towards his fubjects. Bacon. SPARENBERG, a town of Germany, in Weftphalia, in Ravensberg; 2 miles SE. of Bielefield. * SPARER. n. . [from spare.] One who avoids expence. By nature far from profusion, and yet a greater sparer than a faver. Wotton. SPARERIB. 2. f. lfpare and rib.] Some part cut off from the rib: as, a sparerib of pork. SPARGANIUM, BUR REED, in botany, a genus of plants belonging to the clafs of monacia, and to the order of triandria; and in the natural fyftem ranged under the 3d order, Calamariæ. The amentum of the male flower is roundish, the calyx is triphyllous, and there is no corolla. The amentum of the female flower refembles that of the male. The ftigma is bifid; the fruit is a dry Milton. berry containing one feed. There are two speWaller, cies, the erectum and natans, both of them naDryden. tives of Great Britain and Ireland. I could have better spar'd a better man. Shak. Senfe of pleasure we may well Spare out of life perhaps. Now the might spare the ocean. 4. To omit; to forbear. Ben Jonfon. Dim fadnefs did not spare 6. To grant; to allow to indulge.- * Sparing would show a worse fin than ill doctrine. Shak. -Those wants would well enough be overcome by Sparing and patience. Knolles.-Although he be more sparing, his predeceffors were very nu merous. Brown. Midft winter frofts, thin clad, and fed with Rife to our toils. Otway. -God has not been so fparing to men to make them barely two-legged creatures, and left it to Ariftotle to make them rational. Lacke. They become sparing and faving in their commendations; they envy him. Addifon. Now a refervoir to keep and spare. Pope. I. SPARGANIUM ERECTUM, great bur reed, has a ftem two or three feet high, erect, firm, and branched: the lower leaves are triangular, the upper ones plain. The male heads are much smaller than the female. This fpecies flowers in July, and is frequent on the banks of rivers and lakes, and ftagnant waters. 2. SPARGANIUM NATANS, floating, or little bur reed, has a stalk about two feet long. The leaves float, are about a foot long, one fourth of an inch wide at the base, and one eighth in the middle, and end in a point. The male sphærules are generally three, and all fefliie; the female are commonly three, the two lower being supported on peduncles, the uppermoft feffile. It flowers in July, and grows in pools and lakes, but is rare. SPARGEFACTION. n. f. [ Spargo, Latin.] The act of sprinkling. *SPARING. adj. [from Spare.] 1. Scarce ; little.-There is with you fparing memory of none. Bacon. 2. Scanty; not plentiful.-If Sparing diet, then little exercife. Bacon.-Good air, folitary groves, and sparing diet. Pope. 3. Parfimonious; not liberal.-Virgil being fo very Sparing of his words, and leaving fo much to be ima gined by the reader, can never be translated as he ought. Dryden. Though fparing of his grace, to mischief bent. Shall we fparingly fhew you far off Shak. The borders fhould be large, and fet with fine flowers; but thin and sparingly. Bacon. 2. Frugally; parfimonioufly; not lavishly.-High titles of honour were in the king's minority sparingly granted. Hayzvard. Denham. Commend but paringly whom thou do'ft love. 3. With abftinence.-Chriftians are obliged to tafte even the innocent pleasures of life but sparingly. ringly. Atterbury. 4. Not with great frequency. -The morality of a grave fentence, affected by Lucan, is more sparingly used by Virgil. Dryden. -Our facraments were approached more fparing ly. Atterbury. 5. Cautiously; tenderly.-Speech of touch towards others should be sparingly used. Bacon. *SPARK. n.. [Spearca, Sax. Sparke, Dutch.] 1. A small particle of fire, or kindled matter.They must confider not so much how fmall the Spark is that flieth up, as how apt things about it are to take fire. Hooker. We are a queen; my drops of tears I'll turn' To sparks of fire. Shak. -I was not forgetful of the Sparks which fome mens diftempers formerly studied to kindle in parlament. K. Charles. Few scatt'ring fparks about were blown, Big with the flames that to our ruin rose. Dryd. Oh, may fome fpark of your celeftial fire The laft, the meaneft of your fons infpire. Pope. 2. Any thing fhining.—We have, here and there, fome parks of bright knowledge. Locke. 3. Any thing vivid or active. If any fpark of life be yet remaining. Shak. 4. A lively, fhowy, fplendid, gay man. It is commonly used in contempt.-How many huffing Sparks have we feen, that have been both the idols and the fcorn of the fame flaves? L'Eftrange.A spark like thee, of the mankilling trade, Fell fick. Dryden. -We don't read of any provifions made for the honours of fuch sparks. Collier. The fineft fparks, and cleanest beaux Drip from the thoulders to the toes. Prior. I who have been the poet's spark to-day, Will now become the champion of his play. Granville. Thefe fparks with aukward vanity display What the fine gentlemen wore yesterday. Pope. 5. A lover. *To SPARK. V. n. [from the noun.] To emit particles of fire; to fparkle. Not in use. In her eyes the fire of love doth fpark. Spenf. *SPARKFUL. adj. [fpark and full. Lively; brifk; airy. Not ufed.-Hitherto will our sparkfal youth laugh at their great grandfather's Engh. Camden. *SPARKISH. adj. [from spark.] 1. Airy; gay. A low word. It is commonly applied to men, rather than women.-Is any thing more fparkish and better humour'd than Venus's accofting her fon in the defarts of Libya? Walsh. 2. Showy; Well dreffed; fine.-A daw, to be sparkish, trick'd himself up with all the gay feathers he could mufter. L'Etrange. * SPARKLE. n. f. [from spark.] 1. A fpark; a fmall particle of fire. Short flame fucceeds, a bed of wither'd leaves The dying Sparkles in their fall receives. Dryd. 1. Any luminous particle.-So many sparkles refembling the bright fountain from which they rife. Hooker. Reason's lamp Is now become a sparkle. Davies. See the laft fparkle languish in my eye. Pope. To SPARKLE. v. n. [from the noun. 1. To emit sparks. 2. To iffue in sparks. The bold defign Pleas'd highly those infernal states, and joy Sparkl'd in all their eyes. Milton 3. To shine; to glitter.-A hair feen in a microfcope is in a great measure pellucid, with a mixture of fome bright Sparkling colours. Locke.-Politulus is a fine young gentleman, who sparkles in all the fhining things of drefs and equipage. Watts. 4. To rife up, as wine when poured into a glass. * SPARKLINGLY. adv. [from Sparkling.] With vivid and twinkling luftre.-Diamondsfomes times would look more sparklingly than they were wont. Boyle. *SPARKLINGNESS. n. f. [from Sparkling.] Vivid and twinkling luftre.-I have obferved a manifeftly greater clearness and sparklingness at fome times than at others. Boyle. SPARLING,in ichthyology. See SALMO, N° 3. SPARMANNIA, in botany; a genus of plants belonging to the clafs of polyandria, and to the order of monogynia. The corolla confifts of four petals, and is bent back; the nectaria are numerous, and fwell a little; the calyx is quadriphyilous; the capfule is angulated, quinquelocular and echinated. There is only one fpecies; viz. SPARMANNIA AFRICANA. SPARNECK, a town of Germany, in Franconia, in Culmbach: 3 miles SSE. of Munchberg. (1.) SPARROW. n. f. [Spearwa, Sax. passer Lat.] A fmall bird. Difmay'd not this Macbeth and Banquo? Yes, As fparrows, eagles, or the hare, the lion. Shak. -There is great probability that a thousand sparrows will fly away at the sight of a hawk among them. Watts. King. (2.) SPARROW-GRASS. See ASPARAGUS. (1.) SPARROWHAWK, or parbhawk. n. f. { spearhafoe, Saxon.] The female of the musket hawk. Hanmer. (2.) SPARROW-HAWK. See FALCO, N° 34. (1.) SPARRY. adj. [from fpar.] Confifting of fpar. Such as are of fome obfervable figure; of which fort are the Sparry ftriæ or icicles called ftalactite. Woodward. (2.) SPARRY ACID. See ACID, FLUOR, and CHEMISTRY, Index. (3.) SPARRY LIMESTONS. See MINERALOGY, Part II. Chap. IV. Class I. Order II. Gen. I. Sp. 1. Var. 3. SPARSHOLT, a village of England, in Berkfhire, 5 miles from Wantage, remarkable for its church; which is very ancient, built in the form of a cross, and has fome curious old pompous monuments; one of which is of oak, quite fresh, tho' very ancient; the other is a figure of a knight templar. The front is of porphyry, large and round. On the floor are feveral grave-ftones, with brass figures. The doors have circular arches. (I, 1.) SPARTA, or LACEDEMON, the capital of LACONIA in Greece, an ancient and renowned ftate, the inhabitants of which have been in all a ges ges celebrated for the fingularity of their laws and character. See LACEDEMON, N° 2. and MISI TRA. TILL (2.) SPARTA,, ANCIENT HISTORY OF, THE TROJAN WAR. The ancient hiftory of La.conia, and of Sparta, its capitai, like that of moit other ancient nations, is mingled with fable; but when stript of the poetical trappings of mythology, it will be found to contain fome facts, at leaft more confiftent and credible, than the nonfenfe that is palmed upon us by fome modern credulous philofophers, for the ancient hiftory of Chica. Ali hiftoriaus agree, that LELEX was the first king of Laconia, and that from him the country was called LELEGIA, and the people LELEGES. Lelex was fucceeded by his fon Eurotas, who gave name to the river which runs near the city. Eurotas had a daughter named SPARTA, who was married to Lacedæmon, a fon of Jupiter, who fucceeded him; (See LACEDEMON, N° 2.) and who, along with his wife, gave both their names, not only to the capital, but to the whole people. Hence we seldom hear of the Laconians, in the ancient history of Greece, but always either of the SPARTANS or LACEDEMONIANS. Lacedæmon and Sparta had a fon named Amy clas, who fucceeded to the throne; and a daughter named Eurydice, who was married to ACRISIUS, king of Argos, by whom he became the mother of DANAE, and grandmother of PERSEus. (See thefe articies.) AMYCLAS I. built the City of AMYCLE, married Diomedea and was fueceeded by his fon Argalus, who left the kingdom to his fon Amyclas II; who was fucceeded by bis ton, Gynortas, and the latter by his fon OEBALUs. This Œbalus was a famous monarch; gave the new name of Chalia to the whole country, and married Gorgopkone, the daughter of his coufin Perfeus, by whom he had Hippoceon, Tyndarus, and Icarius, the father of PENELOPE. Hippocoon was one of the heroes, who went to the hunting of the CALYDONIAN BOAR: but upon the death of balus, and fucceffion of TYNDARUS, Hippocoon rebelled against his brother, and expeiled him from the kingdom. Upon this Herenies took the part of the exiled monarch, killed Hippocoon, and reitored Tyndarus. This momarch's domeftic history was fingular, and afforded a wide held for the fictions of the Poets. He married LEDA, the daughter of Theipius, who brought him 4 children, CASTOR, POLLUX, HE14NA, and CLYTEMNESTRA, two of whom were confeiledly not by her husband, and all of them were born in a manner very miraculous. (See the portical fables unter thefe articies.) But whether Jupiter or ais prieft was the Goofe, upon this occation, the produce of Leda's eggs all became famous, and fome of the infamous. Helena, whofe a common beauty had attracted moft of the Princes of Greece, to be her fuitors, by the advice of Uiyfles, pave the preference to MENELAUS; and ail the Grecian princes took a folemn oath No defend her. With her Menelaus acquired the - kingdom of Sparta; and Ulyffes for his fervices obtained PENELOPE. But afterwards, while Menclaus was ablent at Crete, Helen eloped with Alexander, or PARIS, the Trojan Prince; and thus gave me to the famous war, which ended in the deftruction of Troy; the subject by which HOMER Immortalized his name. Some bittorians fay, that Heten reconcied herfeif to Menelaus, that night Troy was taken, by introducing him into the chamber of Deiphobus, whom the had married atter Paris's death, and that the returned with him to Sparta, and furvived him. Piufanias fays, that Menelaus's palace at Sparta was entire in his days. (3.) SPARTA, HISTORY OF, TILL THE ERFCTION OF the BINARCHY; WITH A CHRONOLOGICAL SERIES OF THE BINARCHS. After the death of Menelaus, his nephew Orettes fucceeded to the kingdom in right of his coulin and wife Hermione. (See HERMIONE and ORESTES.) His pofterity, however, were foon after expelied by the Heraclide both from Sparta and Argos. (See HERACLIDE.) The era of the return of the Heraclidæ is generally reckoned the period when table ends, and the true hiftory of Greece begins; and is computed to commence about 80 years after the Trojan war, and 1190 A. A. C. or as Lempriere has it, 1104. The leaders of the Heraclidæ, in the conquest of Peloponnefus, were Ariftodemus, Temenus, and Chrefphontes, the fous of Ariftomachus, and grandions of Cleodæus, the fon of Hylius, the fon of Hercules. (See HYLLUS.) Sparta feli to the fhare of Ariftodemus; who, after reigning only 2 years, was killed by the fons of PYLADES, the friend of Oreftes. in revenge for the expulfon of the ORESTIDA. He left two fons, EURYSTHENES and PROCLES, who were born twins, and to nearly at the fame moment, that their mother either did not know which was firft born, or pretended not to know it, that both might reign. Accordingly the oracle of Delphi, being confulted on the cafe, decided, that both fhould reign; and thus gave rife to that fingular political phænomenon, a BINARCHY, which fo peculiar ly diftinguished the conftitution of Sparta from that of all other kingdoms; for though two monarchs have often reigned at once, in other coun tries; fometimes as colleagues, at other times by an agreed divifion of territory, there is not an inftance, in the history of mankind, of a regular Binarchy kept up in two branches of the fame fa mily, for feveral centuries, in any other country but Laconia. Procies and Euryfthenes began to reign conjunctly A. A. C. 1102; Procles reigned 42 years, and Euryfthenes 43. Their respective fucceffors, cailed PROCLIDÆ and EURYSTHENIDA and likewifes Eurypontide and Agidæ, succeeded in the following order and years B. C. and moit of them fucceeded his father or brother: PROCLIDA A. A. C. Sous Eurypon Prytanes Eunomus Polydectes Lycurgus I. Charilaus NicanderTheopompus Zeuxidamus Anaxidamus Archidamus I. Agaficles EURYSTHENIDE A. A. C. 1060 Agis I. .. - 1009 3058 1021 Labotas 1023 986 Doryffus 985 907 Agefilaus I. 690 Anaxander 687 809 Alcamenes' 770 Polydorus 73 Eurycrates 1. |