A Treatise on the Law of Indirect and Collateral Evidence

Front Cover
Bowen-Merrill Company, 1897 - Evidence (Law) - 407 pages
 

Contents

SECTION PAGE 68 Prior habit of person as proof of what was done at particular time 100
61
Collateral evidence
72
Sexual relations
81
Proof of prior injury at same place
87
Habits of animals
93
Subject of custom or usage as affecting negligence
102
Condition of object or place before and after
103
Subsequent precautions
104
Other writings
106
Evidence where title is in question
107
Pecuniary circumstances of defendant
109
Jury entitled to entire facts of case
112
Collateral facts illustrative of principal fact
113
Fraud
116
Resemblance
117
Maps and photographs
119
Evidence in aggravation
121
Scientific booksLife tables
123
View and inspection
125
Inspection of defendant and his belongings in criminal case
128
Right to show circumstance by which witness remembers
131
Right of party producing witness to prove his contradictory state ments out of court
132
Collateral matters on crossexamination
134
Same subjectCollateral matters affecting standing of witness
135
Corroboration of witness by proving his like statements out of court
140
Impeachment by contradictory statements
141
Impeaching evidence not substantive
143
Corroboration of witness
148
Impeachment and corroboration of impeaching witness
151
CHAPTER III
152
Confessions and admissions
153
As to who are persons in authority
154
Character of inducement
155
Influence of inducement presumed to continue
156
Spiritual inducementPromise of secrecy
157
Duress
158
Confessions under oath or made under compulsion
159
Statement while insane drunk or asleep
161
Weight to be given confession
162
Proof of corpus delicti
163
Meaning of term corpus delictiHow proved
164
Practice upon receiving confession
166
Same subjectPreliminary question for court
167
Confession involving codefendant
169
Substance sufficient
170
CHAPTER IV
171
Usage
172
Qualities which a usage must possess
178
Custom and usage as affecting the question of negligence
180
CHAPTER V
184
Scope of discussion
185
Either reputation or particular statements may be proved
186
Rights must be ancientDeath of declarants
187
Declarations of persons in pari jure
188
Proof of exercise of right
189
Verdicts judgments etc as evidence of ancient rights
190
Historical facts
191
Common repute concerning private boundaries
192
Relationship
193
Declarations concerning legitimacy
195
What is meant by pedigree
197
Of what such declarations may consist
198
Such declarations admissible although not based on personal knowl edge
200
Instruments thirty years oldProper custody
201
Aliunde proof of age not necessary
202
Document a little more than thirty years old merely presumed to be genuine
204
Declarations of persons deceased
207
Must be against pecuniary interest
208
Peculiar knowledge of declarant
209
Declarations by deceased persons in ordinary course of business
210
Statement need not be against interest
211
Business entries by deceased persons may prove facts in collateral controversies
215
Declarant must have been immediately and personally cognizant of fact
216
Evidence aliunde position of declarant
217
When entry must be made
218
Declarations of deceased persons as to boundaries
220
Indorsements of paymentsDo they toll the statute of limitations?
221
Leading case upon shopbooks
223
Shopbooks in United States
224
Character of transactions upon which books may be introduced
225
To what classes of business the doctrine applies
226
To what subject entry must relate
227
Character of entry
228
Question of necessity as affecting right to introduce books
230
CHAPTER VI
244
Introducing does not violate constitutional right
245
Ground of introduction
246
Sense of impending death may be inferred
248
Matters of opinion excluded
249
Must be complete in itself
252
Dying declaration may be by signs
253
Weight to be given to dying declarations
254
Right of accused to impeach or discredit declarations
257
Competency of declarant as witness
258
CHAPTER VII
259
Questions on which the opinions of experts can be received
260
Who is an expert
261
Form of question to expert
262
Distinction between expert and opinion evidence
264
Opinions received from necessity
266
Nonexpert evidence upon the subject of sanity
270
Speed of trains etc
272
Comparison of handwritings
273
Same subject
275
Crossexamination of witness as to handwriting
277
Secondary evidence of standard of handwriting
279
CHAPTER VIII
281
Definition of hearsay evidence
282
Hearsay should always be excluded
283
Circumstances giving credit to hearsay do not render admissible
284
Acts and declarations of third person tending to prove that he is 227 Admissions of guilt by third persons guilty person
285
Admissions of injured party not competent in criminal case
286
The rule is the same where the injured party is dead
287
Res inter alios acta alteri nocere non debet
288
General reputation
289
CHAPTER IX
290
Meaning of term
291
Definitions of textwriters
292
Definitions of courts
293
Must tend to elucidate
294
Declarations must harmonize with act
298
SECTION PAGE 245 Must be connected with main event
299
ContemporaneousnessTaylor on Evidence
300
Commonwealth v McPikeLund v Tyngsborough
301
Insurance Company v Mosley
303
People v Vernon
304
Some vigorous western expressions
305
Contemporaneousness not always necessary
307
The res gesta broader in some cases than in others
308
A test proposed
309
Excitement extending the res gesta
310
Same subjectActor absent
312
Period of unconsciousness
313
Constructively continuing act
314
Death protracting the res gestœ
315
Statements against interest
316
Declarations of past pain
318
Declarations of past pain to doctor
319
Exclamations of pain after suit brought 320
322
Same subjectThe cases considered
323
A mere community of interest is not enough
324
Prior statements by person whose life is insured
325
Subsequent statements by person whose life is insured
326
Declarations preceding act
327
Declarations showing state of mind
328
Subject continued
329
Same subjectMutual Life Insurance Co v Hillmon
331
Declarations by deceased persons of other facts
332
Declarations showing fraud
333
Declarations of testator
335
The res gesta in questions of domicile
338
Evidence of affectionProof of marriage
339
Certain analogous res gestæ topics suggested but considered elsewhere
340
A limitation upon declarations where mental state is involved
341
The res gesta in criminal cases
343
Declarations of grantor where fraud is charged
345
Declarations of person in possession in favor of himself or another
347
Declarations of bystanders
349
SECTION PAGE 291 Matter of opinion
351
Res gesta is primary
352
Duty of state to prove the whole of res gestæ
353
Certain res gesta topics treated elsewhere
354
CHAPTER X
355
Character
357
Same subject continued
360
Practice in proving character
362
Other occurrences in fire cases
397
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Page 247 - The general principle on which this species of evidence is admitted is that they are declarations made in extremity, when the party is at the point of death, and when every hope of this world is gone — when every motive to falsehood is silenced, and the mind is induced by the most powerful considerations to speak the truth. A situation so solemn and so awful is considered by the law as creating an obligation equal to that which is imposed by a positive oath, administered in a court of justice.
Page 177 - no friend to the almost indiscriminate habit of late years, of setting up particular usages or customs in almost all kinds of business and trade, to control, vary, or annul the general liabilities of parties under the common law, as well as under the commercial law.
Page 162 - A free and voluntary confession is deserving of the highest credit, because it is presumed to flow from the strongest sense of guilt, and therefore it is admitted as proof of the crime to which it refers.
Page 33 - If it be proved that the defendants pursued by their acts the same object, often by the same means, one performing one part, and another another part of the same, so as to complete it, with a view to the attainment of that same object, the jury will be justified in the conclusion that they were engaged in a conspiracy to effect that object.
Page 125 - The inviolability of the person is as much invaded by a compulsory stripping and exposure as by a blow. To compel any one, and especially a woman, to lay bare the body, or to submit it to the touch of a stranger, without lawful authority, is an indignity, an assault and a trespass...
Page 4 - And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy pound, which I have kept laid up in a napkin : for I feared thee, because thou art an austere man : thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and reapest that thou didst not sow.
Page 283 - To this rule there are some exceptions which are said to be as old as the rule itself. These are cases of pedigree, of prescription, of custom, and in some cases of boundary. There are also matters of general and public history which may be received without that full proof which is necessary for the establishment of a private fact.
Page 292 - These surrounding circumstances, constituting parts of the res gestse, may always be shown to the jury, along with the principal fact ; and their admissibility is determined by the judge, according to the degree of their relation to that fact, and in the exercise of his sound discretion ; it being extremely difficult, if not impossible, to bring this class of cases within the limits of a more particular description.
Page 282 - hearsay' is used with reference to that which is written, as well as to that which is spoken, and in its legal sense it denotes that kind of evidence which does not derive its value solely from the credit to be given to the witness himself, but rests also in part on the veracity^ and competency of some other person.
Page 81 - If the evidence be so dubious that the judge does not clearly perceive the connection, the benefit of the doubt should be given to the prisoner, instead of suffering the minds of the jurors to be prejudiced by an independent fact, carrying with it no proper evidence of the particular guilt.

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