diers to retake the men, but the Wind-blower blows them back and the companions leave, taking all the king's gold with them.

INDIAN VERSIONS.

2. Micmac: Rand, No. 13.

A. Extraordinary companions. The hero, Little Thunder, in search for a wife is joined first by a chief, Badger. Next they are joined by a man with his leg doubled up under him to keep him from "running around the world in no time." The third man who joins them has his nostrils stopped to keep him from blowing everything away. A fourth companion is a man who cuts down and trims whole pine trees as he would rails.

D. Barrel of gold carried off. They steal a barrel of gold from a merchant, and Pine-chopper carries it away.

E. Army blown away. A company of soldiers sent in pursuit is blown away by the mighty blower.

Help from Glooscap. The companions have some adventures (of purely Indian origin) with Glooscap, the Micmac deity. He gives them directions that will help them in their future adventures. With the help of these directions they defeat a huge skunk and beaver who try to kill them.

B. Race for chief's daughter won by hero's companion. They come to a chief's house, where the hero becomes a suitor for the hand of the chief's daughter. A race is held with rivals. They are to carry a glass filled with water and to run around the world. The swift runner defeats the rivals with ease. In a wrestling match the Pine-chopper wins.

C. Suitor test: contest of wind. As the hero and his wife leave, the chief tries to capsize their boat by a magic wind. The Wind-blower, however, overcomes the storm by blowing from his nostrils and they escape.

The story now takes up certain purely Indian adventures with Glooscap.

Variant of No. 13.

3. Micmac: Rand, No. 24. The hero wishes for a bride with hair like a raven, skin like the snow, and cheeks like blood. [Cf. Grimm No. 47.]

Extraordinary companions. As in preceding version. Wood-chopper, Runner (with leg tied up), and Wind-blower.

Help from Glooscap. As in preceding version.

B. Race for chief's daughter won by hero's companion. As in preceding version.

C. Suitor tests. Wrestling and coasting contests won by help of the companions.

C1. Contest of wind. As in preceding version.

4. Ponka: Dorsey, CNAE, vi, 333.

A. Extraordinary companions. Regular.

Stone-to-ankle,

who has a stone tied to his ankle to keep him from running too fast; Arrow-shooter, who can shoot arrows into the sky so that they do not return; Pool-drinker, who can drink up whole pools of water; and a man who can hear the grass grow.

C. Suitor tests. The hero, before he can marry a girl, is put to tests. He is to remove a rock that overshadows the village. Stone-to-ankle removes it. He is to eat many kettles full of food. Pool-drinker eats it for him.

B. Race with princess won by help of companions. Stone-to ankle runs and outdistances the girl so far that he lies down and rests. The girl comes up to him and louses him until he falls asleep. Then she runs off to finish the race. The man with the keen hearing hears Stone-to-ankle snore. Arrow-shooter shoots and wakes him. Stone-to-ankle wins the race, and the hero receives the girl in marriage.

The Micmac versions are very largely amalgamated with native material. The Ponka tale, on the other hand, is very close to the European original. All are probably of French origin.

IV. THE ENCHANTED HORSE.

The forms in which "The Enchanted Horse" appears usually differ only in the introduction. Type I consists of those having the incident of the sale (wittingly or unwittingly) of a child to the devil. Type II omits this in

cident. For a discussion of this tale see Cosquin, i, 138154, and Panzer, Hilde-Gudrun, passim.

TYPE I.

1. French (Breton): Sébillot, Contes Populaires de la HauteBretagne, 3me série, Paris, 1882, p. 74.

A. Sale of child to devil. The father and mother of a baby boy, who have no godfather for the child, invite a stranger to take upon himself the office. He accepts and gives the parents a large sum of money on the understanding that he is to return for the boy, Jean, in a year and a day. The boy grows miraculously and is supernaturally brilliant at school. At the end of a year the godfather takes the boy with him to his castle, which he puts in his charge during his own abscence.

B. Abused and pampered horses. He shows him a stable with two horses and a mule in it: Jean must feed the horses well and care for them but he must beat the mule every day and feed him very little. He is shown a magic wishing ring that will provide him with whatever he may desire.

C. Forbidden chamber. There are a hundred rooms in the castle, and all the keys are given to Jean. He has free access to ninety-nine of the chambers, but the hundredth he must under no circumstances enter. With these injunctions the godfather departs. Jean is scrupulously obedient, and everything is in good order when the man returns. Once more the godfather leaves Jean in charge of the castle. The boy has entered all the rooms, and has found each richer than the last. Curiosity induces him to enter the forbidden chamber. Here he sees dead men hanging from the walls, and others lying in their blood.

D. Permanent work of disobedience. He gets blood on the key, and he cannot wash it off.

E. Gold hair. As a further permanent mark his hair is turned to gold.

F. Escape on magic horse. He now visits the stable. The mule tells him that his master is the devil, and will try to kill him. Jean now makes preparations to escape. By the advice of the mule, he takes along a curry-comb, a brush, a wisp of hay, and the wishing ring. He puts an old saddle on the mule and they start off.

G. Magic alarm. A magic bell in the castle yard announces the escape to the devil, and he is soon in pursuit.

H. Obstacle flight. When he has nearly overtaken them, Jean throws down the wisp of hay. It makes a pond behind them which retards the devil. Similarly the brush becomes a forest, and the curry-comb a high mountain. These obstacles delay the devil and boy escapes.

I. Gardener disguise (scald-head). The mule then leaves Jean, after advising him to cover his golden hair with a cloth, and to pass as a man with the scald-head. Jean goes to the king's court, and takes service as under-gardener.

J. Imposed tasks:help from horse. The regular gardener is jealous of him, and gives him impossible tasks. By the help of his mule, which he can call with his wishing ring, Jean accomplishes the tasks, much to the chagrin of the gardener.

K. Marriage to princess. The youngest princess one day sees Jean and his mule, and the magically beautiful clothes that he has. She insists on marrying him, even against the will of her father.

L. Humble disguise.

They are given a mean house near

the palace, and have a hard time to make a living.

M. Unknown knight. A war now breaks out, and Jean asks the king for a horse. The king gives him a three-legged nag, and starts him off. Jean gets his mule, and with his aid wins the fight for the king. His brothers-in-law, who treated him shamefully when they saw him on the three-legged nag, are very gracious to the man who they think is a prince. Jean departs without disclosing his identity. This happens for two more days. On the third day, Jean concludes a treaty of peace, and wins all the foreign flags.

N. Tokens. These he sells to his brothers-in-law for rings given by their wives, and for the privilege of branding them with the mark of his mule. Secretly he removes the centers of the flags and keeps them. He then starts for home, and when the brothersin-law next see him, he is floundering about on his three-legged nag. One of them strikes him, and the point of the sword remains in his leg.

O. Indentification by sword-point in leg. Jean goes home and has his leg dressed, and takes care to keep the sword point. Later, by means of all the proofs he has accumulated—the rings, the marks of the mule's hoof, the centers of the flags, and the point of the sword-he exposes his brothers-in-law, and forces the

king to take back the words that he has just uttered; namely, that all of his daughters had married well except the one who had married him.

2. Maliseet: Mechling, JAFL, xxvi, 247.

A. Sale of child to devil. A man sells his son, Louis, in exchange for some gold, to a gentleman who engages to give him back at the end of twenty years. The gentleman takes Louis to his house and gives him permission to eat and drink whatever he wants.

C. Forbidden pots of gold. But he shows him two pots, one full of gold, and the other full of silver, that he must not touch.

B. Abused and pampered horses. In the stable, he shows him a black and a gray horse. The black he is to water three times a day, and to wash and feed. The other he is to beat three times a day, to water once in twenty-four hours, and to feed very sparingly. He is never to take the bridle off the gray horse. After giving these instructions, the man leaves home for a few weeks. The boy carries out the orders to the letter, and when his master returns, he is greatly pleased. He cuts the boy's hand and heals it with a magic salve. The man now leaves home for another week. D. Permanent mark of disobedience—gold finger. This time Louis's curiosity gets the better of him, and he uncovers the pots and dips his finger into the golden liquid. The finger immediately turns into gold. Louis also stops beating the gray horse. When the gentleman returns, he discovers the golden finger, but otherwise he is pleased. He cuts and heals the finger again, and then departs for a three weeks' journey.

El. Fattening of hero for slaughter. On this occasion, Louis is kind to the gray horse, and the horse tells him that the gentleman is the devil, and that he is fattening Louis for slaughter. Every time the devil cuts the boy's finger, it is to see whether he is fat enough to eat. If he is not fat enough the next time, he will be turned into a horse, just as the gray horse had been.

F. Escape on magic horse. The boy and the horse now plan their escape together. The boy cuts the legs of the black horse so that they are all of different length.

E. Gold hair. They get the gold and silver pots and make a silver tail and a gold mane and ears for the gray horse. Louis turns his own hair to gold. Then, on the advice of the horse he