again the same thing in the same market, or by any other such like devices, are highly crimínal, and punishable by fine and imprison

ment.

Several statutes have, from time to time, been made against these offences in general, which were repealed by 12 Geo. III.

But though these offences are no longer combated by the statutes, they are still punishable upon indictment at the comnion law, by fine and imprisonment.

FORESTBO'RN. a. (forest and born.) Born in a wild (Shakspeare).

1.

FORESTER. s. (forestier, French.) An officer of the forest (Shakspeare). 2. An inhabitant of the wild country.

FORESWAT. FO'RESWART. a. (from fore and swat, from sweat.) Spent with heat Sidney).

TO FORETA'STE. v. a. (fore and taste.) 1. To have antepast of; to have prescience of. 2. To taste before another (Milton).

FO'RETASTE. S. Anticipation of (South). To FORETE'LL. v. a. (fore and tell.) 1. To predict; to prophesy (Dryden). 2. To foretoken; to foreshow.

To FORETE'LL. v. n. To utter prophesy. FORETE'LLER. s. (from foretell.) Predicter; foreshower (Boyle).

FORETHIGH, a name denoting the arm of a horse.

To FORETHINK. v. a. (fore and think.) 1. To anticipate in the mind'; to have presci. ence of (Raleigh). 2. To contrive antecedentJy (Hall).

TO FORETHINK v. n. To contrive beforehand (Smith).

FORETHOUGHT. s. (from forethink.) 1. Prescience; anticipation (L'Estrange). 2. Provident care.

TO FORETO KEN. v. a. (fore and token.) To foreshow; to prognosticate as a sign (Daniel).

FORETO KEN. s. (from the verb.) Prevenient sign; prognostic (Sidney). FORETOOTH. s. (fore and tooth.) The tooth in the anteriour part of the mouth; the Incisor (Ray).

FOʻRETOP. s. (fore and top.) That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, or the top of a periwig (Dryden).

FOREVOUCHED. part. (fore and vouch.) Affirmed before; formerly told (Shakspeare).

FOREWARD. s. (fore and ward.) van; the front (Maccabees).

The

TO FOREWARN. v. a. (fore and warn.) 1. To admonish beforehand (Luke). 2. To inform previously of any future event (Milton). 3. To caution against any thing before hand.

To FOREWA'STE. v. a. (fore and waste.) To desolate; to destroy: out of use (Spenser).

TO FOREWISH. v. n. (fore and wish.) To desire beforehand (Knolles). FOREWO'RN. part. (fore and

worn,

from wear.) Worn out; wasted by time or use (Sidney).

FOREZ, a late province of France, bounded on the W. by Auvergne, on the S. by Velay and the Vivarais, on the E. by the Lyonnois, and on the N. by Burgundy and the Bourbonnois. It is watered by the Loire, and several other streams, and has several mines of coal and iron. It now forms, with the Lyonnois, the department of Rhone and Loire.

FORFAR, the county town of Angus-shire. It contains many neat houses. Lat. 56. 35 N. Lon. 2. 54 W.

FORFARSHIRE. See ANGUS-SHIRE. Part of the Grampian mountains runs through this county. The population of this county amounted to 68,297 in the year 1755, and to 97,778 in the year 1801.

FORFEIT. s. (forfait, French.) 1. Something lost by the commission of a crime; a fine; a mulet (Waller). 2. A person obnoxious to punishment (Shakspeare).

To FO'RFEIT. v. a. (from the noun.) To lose by some breach of condition; to lose by some offence (Davies. Boyle).

FORFEIT. part. a. (from the verb.) Liable to penal seizure; alienated by a crime (Pope).

FORFEITABLE. a. (from forfeit.) Possessed on conditions, by breach of which any thing may be lost.

FORFEITURE. s. (forfaiture, French.) 1. The act of forfeiting. 2. The thing forfeited; a mulct; a fine.

FORFEITURE, is a punishment annexed by law to some illegal act or negligence in the owner of lands, tenements, or hereditaments, whereby he loses all his interest therein, and they go to the party injured, as a recompense for the wrong which either he alone or the public together have sustained. (2 Blackstone, 267).

The offences which induce a forfeiture of lands and tenements are principally the following: treason, felony, misprision of treason, pramunire, drawing a weapon on a judge, striking any one in the presence of the king's court of justice, and popish recusancy, or nonobservance of any certain laws, enacted in restraint of papists.

By the common law, all lands of inheritance of which the offender is seised in his own right, and also all rights of entry to lands in the hands of a wrong-doer, are forfeited to the king on an attainder of high treason, although the lands are holden of another; for there is an exception in the oath of fealty, which saves the tenant's allegiance to the king; so that if he forfeits allegiance, even the lands he held of another lord, are forfeited to the king, for the lord himself cannot give of lands, but upon that condition. (Co. Lit. 8.)

Also upon an attainder of petit treason or. felony, all lands of inheritance of which the offender is seised in his own right, as also all. rights of entry to lands in the hands of a wrong-doer, are forfeited to the lord of whom

they are immediately holden: for this by the feudal law was deemed a breach of the tenant's oath of fealty in the highest manner; his body with which he had engaged to serve the lord, being forfeited to the king, and thereby his blood corrupted, so that no person could represent him; and all personal estates, whether they are in action or possession, which the party has or is entitled to, in his own right, and not as executor or administrator to another, are liable to such forfeiture in the following

cases:

1st. Upon a conviction of treason or felony. But the lord cannot enter into the lands holden of him upon an escheat for petit treason or felony, without a special grant, till it appears by due process that the king has had his prerogative of the year, day, and waste. (Stanf. P.C. 191.

As to forfeiture of goods and chattels, it seems agreed that all things whatever, which are comprehended under the notion of a personal estate, are liable to such forfeiture.

2d. Upon a flight found before the coroner, on view of a dead body.

3d. Upon an acquittal of a capital felony, if the party is found to have fied. 2 Haw. 450. 4th. If a person indicted of petit larceny and acquitted, is found to have fled for it, he forfeits his goods as in cases of grand larceny. 2 Haw. 451. But the party may in all cases, except that of the coroner's inquest, traverse the finding of the flight; and it seems agreed that the particulars of the goods found to be forfeited may also be traversed.

5th. Upon a presentment by the oaths of twelve men, that a person arrested for treason or felony fled from, or resisted those who had him in custody, and was killed by them in the pursuit or scuffle. Id.

6th. If a felon waive, that is, leave any goods in his flight from those who either pursue him, or are apprehended by him so to do, he forfeits them, whether they are his own goods, or goods stolen by him; and at common law, if the owner did not pursue and appeal the felon, he lost the goods for ever: but by 21 H. VIII. c. 11, for encouraging the prosecution of felons it is provided, that if the party comes in as evidence on the indictment, and attaints the felon, he shall have a writ of restitution. 4 Inst. 134.

7th. If a man is felo de se, he forfeits his goods and chattels, 5 Co. 109.

8th. A convict within clergy, forfeits all his goods, though he may be burnt in the hand, yet thereby he becomes capable of purchasing other goods. But, on burning in the hand, he ought to be immediately restored to the possession of his lands. 2 H. 388, 389.

The forfeiture upon an attainder of treason or felony, shall have relation to the time of the effence for the avoiding all subsequent alienation of the lands; but to the time of conviction, or fugam fecit found, &c. only as to chattels, unless when the party was killed in flying from, or resisting those who had arrested him in which case it is said that the forfeit VOL. V.

ure shall relate to the time of the offence. Plowd. 488.

FORFEITURE in civil cases. A forfeiture of copyhold by felling timber, was relieved in equity; but the lord-keeper declared, that in case of a wilful forfeiture he would not relieve. Chan. Cas. 96. In case of a forfeiture equity can relieve, where they can give satisfaction. 1 Salk. 156.

FORFEITURE OF MARRIAGE, a writ which anciently lay against him, who by holding knight's service, and being under age, and unmarried, refused her whom the lord offered him without his disparagement, and married another. F. N. B. 141.

FORFE ND. v. a. To prevent; to forbid. FORFEX (quasi ferifex.) The same as forceps.

FORFI'CULA. Ear-wig. In zoology, a genus of the class insecta, order coleoptera: antennas setaceous; feelers unequal, filiform; shells half as long as the abdomen; wings folded up under the shells; tail armed with a forceps. Eighteen species, chiefly inhabitants of Europe and America; two found in our own country; F. auricularia, and F. minor. It is sufficient to describe the first, which is of a dark chesnut colour; forceps curved, toothed at the base; antennas with fourteen joints. Very common in wet ground, ripe fruit, and old wood; and has been occasionally found to creep into the ears of such as sleep in the open air: when it is easily destroyed by dropping into the ear either a little oil or spirits, or both. The eggs are white, and oval, and large for the size of the insect; they are found deposited in damp situations, and generally under stones. The parent is more provident of the young larves than insects generally are, brooding over them for several hours in the day, after the manner of birds. See Nat. Hist. Pl. CXVI.

FORGAVE. The preterit of forgive.

FORGE. s. (forge, French.) 1. The place where iron is beaten into form. 2. Any place where any thing is made or shaped (Hooker). 3. Manufacture of metalline bodies (Bacon).

To FORGE. v. a. (forger, old French.) 1. To form by the hammer (Chapman). 2. To make by any means (Locke). 3. To counterfeit; to falsify (Shakspeare).

FORGE properly signifies a little furnace, wherein smiths and other artificers of iron or steel, &c. heat their metals red hot, in order to soften and render them more malleable and manageable on the anvil. An ordinary forge is nothing but a pair of bellows, the nozzle of which is directed upon a smooth area, ou which coals are placed. The nozzle may also be directed to the bottom of any furnace, to excite the combustion of the coals placed there, by which a kind of forge is formed. In laboratories, there is generally a small furnace consisting of a cylindrical piece, open at top, which has at its lower side a hole for receiving the nozzle of a double bellows. This kind of forge furnace is very convenient for fusions, as the operation is quickly performed, and with few coals. In its lower part, a little above the hole for receiv

E

ing the nozzle of the bellows, may be placed an iron plate of the same diameter, supported upon two horizontal bars, and pierced near its circumference, with four holes diametrically opposite to each other. By this disposition the wind of the bellows, pushed forcibly under this plate, enters at these holes; and thus the heat of the fire is equally distributed, and the crucible in the furnace is equally surrounded by it. As the wind of bellows strongly and rapidly excites the action of the fire, a forge is very convenient when a great heat is required. The forge, or blast-bellows, is used to fuse salts, metals, ores, &c. It is much used also in works which require strong heat, without much management; and chiefly in the smelting of ores, and fusion of metallic matters.

FORGE, in the train of artillery, is generally called a travelling forge, and may not be improperly called a portable smith's shop: at this forge all manner of smith's work is made, and it can be used upon a march, as well as in camp.

FORGE is also used for a large furnace, wherein iron-ore taken out of the mine is melted down; or it is more properly applied to another kind of furnace, wherein the iron-ore, melted down and separated in a former furnace, and then cast into sows and pigs, is heated and fused over again, and beaten afterwards with large hammers, and thus rendered more soft, pure, ductile, and fit for use

FO'RGER. s. (from forge.) 1. One who makes or forms. 2. One who counterfeits any thing (West).

FORGERY. s. (from forge.) 1. The crime of falsification (Stephens). 2. Smith's work; the act of the forge (Milton).

FORGERY, is where a person counterfeits the signature of another with intent to defraud, which by the law of England is made a capital felony.

A receipt to a cash memorandum is not a receipt on acquittance for the payment of money within 2 Geo. II. c. 25, against forgery.

Forgery may be committed by making a mark in the name of another person. It may also be committed in the name of a person who never had existence. And it may be committed of an instrument, though such an instrument as the one forged does not exist either in law or fact.

Indorsing a real bill of exchange with a fictitious name is forgery; although the use of a fictitious name was not essential to the negoci

ation.

A forged bank-note (although the word pounds is omitted in the body of it), and there is no water-mark in the paper, is a counterfeit note for the payment of money.

Altering an entry of money received, made by a cashier of the bank, in the bank-book of a person keeping cash there, by prefixing a figure to increase the amount of the sum received, is forging a receipt for money.

A receipt indorsed on a bill of exchange in a fictitious name is forgery, although such name

does not purport to be the name of any particu lar person.

If a person who has for many years been known by a name which was not his own, and afterwards assumes his real name, in that name draws a bill of exchange, he will not be guilty of forgery, although such bill was drawn for fraudulent purposes.

Ifany person shall falsely make, forge, or counterfeit, or cause or procure to be falsely made, forged, or counterfeited, or willingly aid or assist in the false making or counterfeiting, any deed, will, bond, writing obligatory, bill of exchange, promissory note for payment of money, acquittance, or receipt, either for money or goods, with intent to defraud any person; or shall utter or publish the same as true, knowing the same to be false, forged, or counterfeited, he shall be guilty of felony without benefit of clergy; but not to work corruption of blood, or disherison of heirs. 2 Geo. II. c. 25.

Forging or imitating stamps to defraud the revenue, is forgery by the several stamp acts; and the receiving of them is made single felony, punishable with seven years transportation. 12 Geo. III. c. 48.

To FORGET. v. a. preter. forgot, part. forgotten or forgot. (poɲɛytan, Saxon.) 1. Tolose memory of; to let go from the remembrance (Atterbury). 2. Not to attend; to neglect (Isaiah).

FORGETFUL. a. (from forget.) 1. Not retaining the memory of. 2. Causing oblivion; oblivious (Dryden). 3. Inattentive; negligent; neglectful; careless (Hebrews. Prior).

FORGETFULNESS. s. (from forgetful.) 1. Oblivion; cessation to remember; loss of memory (Shakspeare). 2. Negligence; neglect; inattention (Hooker).

FORGETIVE. a. (from forge.) That may forge or produce (Shakspeare).

FORGETTER. s. (from forget.) 1. One that forgets. 2. A careless person.

FORGING, in smithery, the beating or hammering iron on the anvil, after having first made it red-hot in the forge, in order to extend it into various forms, and fashion it into works. (See FORGE.) There are two ways of forging and hammering iron. One is by the force of the hand, in which there are usually several persons employed, one of them turning the iron, and hammering likewise, and the rest only hammering. The other way is by the force of a water-mill, which raises and works several huge hammers, beyond the force of man; under the strokes whereof the work men present large lumps or pieces of iron, which are sustained at one end by the anvils, and at the other by iron chains fastened to the cieling of the forge. (See MILL.) This last way of forging is only used in the largest works, as anchors for ships, &c. which usually weigh several thousand pounds. For the lighter works, a single man serves to hold, heat, and turn with one hand, while he hammers with the other. Each purpose the work is designed for requires its proper heat; for if the iron be too

cold,it will not feel the weight of the hammer, as the smiths call it when it will not batter under the hammer; and if it be too hot it will redsear, that is, break or crack under the hammer. The several degrees of heat the smiths give their iron are, first, a blood-red heat; secondly, a white-flame heat; and thirdly, a sparkling or welding heat.

To FORGIVE. v. a. pret. forgave; part. pass. forgiven. (Ƒoɲzifan, Saxon.) 1. To pardon; not to punish (Prior). 2. To pardon a crime (Isaiah). 3. To remit; not to exact debt or penalty.

FORGIVENESS. s. (pongirenrre, Sax.) 1. The act of forgiving (Daniel.) 2. Pardon of an offender (Dryden). 3. Pardon of an offence (South). 4. Tenderness; willingness to pardon (Sprat). 5 Remission of a fine, penalty, or debt.

FORGIVER. s. (from forgive.) One who pardons.

FORGOT. FORGOTTEN. (part. pass. of forget.) Not remembered (Prior).

fo FORHA'IL. v. a. To harass, tear, torment (Spenser).

FORISFAMILIATION, in law. When a child, upon receiving a portion from his father, or otherwise, renounces his legal title to any further share of his father's succession, he is said to be forisfamiliated.

FORK, a well known instrument, consisting of a handle and blade, divided at the end into two or more points or prongs. The pitchfork is a large utensil of this construction, employed in hay-making, &c. The table-fork, an instrument now so indispensable, did not come into use in England till the reign of James I. as we learn from a remarkable passage in Coryat. The reader will probably smile at the solemn manner in which this important discovery or innovation is related:

Here I will inention a thing that might have been spoken of before in discourse of the first Italian towns. I observed a custom in all those Italian cities and townes through the which I passed, that is not used in any other country that I saw in my travels, neither do I thinke that any other nation of Christendome doth use it, but only Italy. The Italian and also most strangers that are commonant in Italy, doe always at their meals use a little forke when they eat their meate; for while with their knife, which they hold in one hand, they cut the meate out of the dish, they fasten the forke which they hold in the other hand upon the same dish, so that whatsoever he be, that sitting in the company of any others at meale, should unadvisedly touch the dish of meat with his fingers, from which all the table doe, he will give occasion of offence unto the company, as having transgressed the lawes of good manners, insomuch that for his error, he shall be at least brow-beaten, if not reprehended in wordes. This form of feeding I understand is generally used in all parts of Italy, their forkes for the most part being made of yronn, steele, and some of silver, but those are used only by gentlemen. The reason of this their curiosity is, because

the Italian cannot by any means endure to have his dish touched with fingers, seeing all men's fingers are not alike cleane. Hereupon I myself thought good to imitate the Italian fashion by this forked cutting of meate, not only while I was in Italy, but also in Germany, and oftentimes in England since I came home being once quipped for that frequently using my forke, by a certain learned gentleman a familiar friend of mine, Mr. Lawrence Whitaker: who in his merry humour doubted not to call me a table Furcifer, only for using a forke at feeding, but for no other cause."

FORK (Tuning), an instrument used by musicians to pitch the key of a tune to be sung. It is made of steel, much in the shape of a ta ble fork, though with longer and thicker prongs; these being put into motion by striking or otherwise, yield, in consequence of their vibration, a fine, clear tone, as of the note G, A, C, from which the key note of the tune is readily taken.

FORK. (furca.) In botany. A divided prickle. Called bifid or trifid from the number of divisions, Exemplified in berberis, ribes, gleditsia, &c.

To FORK. v. n. (from the noun.) To shoot into blades, as corn does out of the ground. FO'RKED. a. (from fork.) Opening into two or more parts (Shakspeare).

FORKED, furcatus: branched or sub-divided, usually into two. Applied to anthers; to bristles; as in leontodon hispidum, Arabis thaliana; to fronds, as in Jungermannia furcata; and to stems; but dichotomous is more proper, at least when they divide more than once.

FO'RKEDLY. ad. In a forked form. FO'RKEDNESS. s. (from forked.) The quality of opening into two parts or more. FORKHEAD. s. (fork and head.) Point of an arrow (Spenser).

FO'RKY. u. (from fork.) Forked; furcated; opening into two parts (Pope). FORLANA, a kind of dance much used in Venice.

FORLI, an ancient town of Romagno, capital of a territory of the same name, with a bishop's see. Lat. 44. 16 N. Lon. 11. 44 E. FORLORE, a. Deserted; forsaken (Fair

fax).

"FORLORN. a. (Foplopen, Saxon.) 1. Deserted; destitute; forsaken; wretched; helpless; solitary (Knolles. Fenton). 2. Taken away (Spenser). 3. Small; despicable (Shakspeare).

FORLORN. S. 1. A lost, solitary, forsaken man (Shakspeare). 2. FORLORN Hope. The soldiers who are sent first to attack, and are therefore doomed to perish (Dryden).

FORLO'RNNESS. s. Destitution; misery; solitude (Boyle).

To FORLI'E. v. n. (from fore and lie.) To lie before (Spenser).

FORM. s. (forma, Latin.) 1. The exter nal appearance of any thing; representation; shape (Grew). 2. Being, as modified by a particular shape (Dryden).