approaches, or avenues, (to her feelings.) — Quae (293), sc. sint. r. d. (sit) modus, what method may be fitting for his case.

- Quis

298. Tuta, (even though) secure. Much more, fearing every danger. — Eadem, i. e. the same Fame that had spread the report of her marriage (191 sqq.)—Fur., (to her) raving.

301-3. Sacris. The statue and sacred emblems of the god, brought out of the temple, and moved violently. C.-Triet. org., the triennial orgies of Bacchus at Thebes.-Baccho, i. e. the name of Bacchus, in the ery of "Io, Bacche!"- Noct. Cyth. The orgies were celebrated on Mt. Cithaeron, partly by night.

314-18. Mene. Ne, the enclitic interrog. particle. - Ego oro (319) te per has, etc. — Meum, in me. — Istam, that of thine.

321-2. Odere, sc. me.— · Inf. sunt mihi Tyr.—Qua― adibam, by which alone I approached the stars, i. e. which was my sole title to immortality. 333. Te plurima promeritam (esse), that thou hast done (me) very many favors; lit. hast deserved very many things.

337, 340. Pro re, for (my) cause. W.-Meis ausp., by my own will. 344. Manu, with my hand. - Victis, for the vanquished. 354-7. Cap.--cari, and the wrong to (his) dear head:

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and the wrong to the dear boy. Caput, like kápa, applied to a person as a term of endearment. Interpres, spokesman. — Utrumque, thine and mine.

362-9. Dicentem, (him) while he is speaking.-Aversa, askance.— Totum, his whole person; "from head to foot."-Lum. tacitis, i. e. with eyes which silently gave expression to her indignation. B. Construe horrens with cautibus.-Hyrcania lay to the S. E. of the Caspian Sea. Fletu, abl. of cause or occasion. Others, dative.

371-9. Quae q. anteferam, a double question; lit. what shall I mention, before what? i. e. what shall I say first, what next? - Ejectum, sc. illum, i. e. Aenean. - Litore, on the shore. - Quietos, sc. deos.

383-92. Dido, acc., object of vocaturum.· - Sequar-absens. "Dido will haunt him like a Fury with funereal-torches when she is really far away: i. e. the thought of her, angry and revengeful, will ever be present to him."-Thalamo =in thalamum. H. 379, 5; A. 225, b. Poetic dat.

399, 404. In their haste, the Trojans bring from the woods branches with their leaves still on them, and unshaped trunks to serve as oars and planks. Campis, poetical abl. of place.

414-15. Animos, her proud spirit.-Frustra morit., so as to die when there was no occasion for dying.-418. Coronas. As offerings to the gods. 419. If (since) I have been able to look forward to this so heavy a blow, I shall also be able to bear it to the end (perferre).

422-3. Colere, credere, sc. solebat. Historical inf.-V. m. a. et t., 14 Six Books.

the soft approaches to (the heart of) the hero, and the (proper) occasions (to use them). Norasnoveras.

426. Aulis was the rendezvous of the Grecian fleet before it set sail for Troy.

427. Cinerem-reveïli, have I disturbed the ashes or the shade. 434-6. Dolere, i. e. to bear my grief. - Extr. remittam. I ask this last grace, pity thy sister, which, when he shall have granted (it), 1 will repay with interest (lit. heaped up) by my death. After "pity thy sister" we may supply in thought “and urge him to bestow it,", or, with R., "who is reduced to such supplications." No passage in V. has given editors greater difficulty than this. I follow the best MSS. Other readings: dederis and cumulata. Conjectures: ora (435), L.; (ingenious but needless): monte (436) R.; (absurd): sorte, Schr.: forte, Burm. 437-8. Fletus, tearful appeals. C. Fertq. refertq., bears again and again, i. e. to Aeneas; lit. both bears and bears again.

452. Perag., relinq., subj. of result after quo (= ut eo). H. 489; A. 317, b. We should have expected the imperf. after vidit: "but the same latitude which allows the pres. to be used historically for the past in the indic. is extended to the other moods." C. See H. 482, 2.

457--9. Templum. A chapel to the Di Manes.-Veller., woollen fillets. 460. Hinc voc. et ver. viri vocantis (of her husband calling upon her) visa (sunt) exaudiri. Notice the alliteration.

463-5. Queri, historical inf.— Longas -voces, and drew out her long notes into a wail. - Aeneas drives her, in her dreams.

468. And to be seeking for (her) Tyrians, in a desolate land. 470-3. In his madness, inflicted by the Furies in consequence of his resisting the introduction of the rites of Bacchus into Thebes, Pentheus saw the sun and city double. Orestes, son of Agamemnon, having slain his mother, was driven mad by the Furies. To escape them, he took refuge in the temple of Apollo; but when he would go out, he saw them sitting on the threshold. Scaenis agitatus, driven over the stage: scaenis abl. of place. Virgil alludes to the story of Orestes as told in Greek and Roman plays.

477-9. Spem- serenat, i. e. she shows a joyful hope on her face.Vel - amantem, lit., or release me, loving, from him; i. e. release me from my love for him.-0. finem, the ocean's limit to the world.

482-90. Aptum, from apo, studded. — Templi, of the sacred enclosure, i. e. the garden, guarded by the dragon. - Ramos, the branches which bore the golden apples. - Movet, she calls up.

493. That unwillingly I gird myself with magic arts. Accingier = accingi. H. 239, 6; A. 128, e, 4. The passive is here used as middle.

494. Tecto int., i. e. in the impluvium or unroofed space in the centre of the great hall (atrium). — Sub auras, lit. up to the sky.

500. Anna's character, unsuspicious and devoid of penetration, is well chosen to render the working out of the catastrophe more easy and natural.

B.

502. Concipit, does she conceive of.-Quam morte Sych., than (those which Dido suffered) at the death of Sychaeus. 503. The things bidden. 508-11. An effigy (of Aeneas). Three hundred gods not literally, but giving the idea of a great number. Diana was called by three names: Luna in heaven, Diana on earth, and Hecate in the lower regions.

516. Amor, a love-charm. The ancients believed that foals were born with tubercles on their foreheads, which were bitten off by their dams; if removed in any other way, the dam refused to rear the foal. This flesh (hippomanes) was supposed to act as a philtre.

518. Vinc., i. e. of her sandal. The bare foot and loosened robe were common in sacred rites, especially when one would be loosed from love.

520. Si quod num., just. memorque, habet curae (has for a care, regards) amantes non aeq. foed., precatur (id numen).

524-36. Med. lapsu, i. e. at midnight.— Somno, in sleep.- Noctem, i. e. the quiet of the night.-Quos - sim dedign. H. 515, II.; 516, 4; A. 320, e (326); B. 1290; G. 637. Mar., as suitors. A. & S. 230, R. 2. 537-47. Igitur, then, implies that a neg. answer has been given to the preceding question.-Ultima, the extremest, i. e. the most degrading, - Quiane. An ellipsis is implied in ne. Am I to follow them, because they are pleased (juvat eos) to have been formerly relieved by my aid, etc. — Fac (me) velle, suppose me to be willing.—Inferar, i. e. shall I follow and attack his ships? - Morere, imperat. of morior.

551-2. More ferae, i. e. in solitude. - Sychaeo, here an adj. 566-76. Jam, with the fut., at once. Trabibus, with the ships (of the Carthaginians). — Varium. H. 438, 4; 441; A. & S. 204, Rem. 9; 205, Rem. 7, (2); B. 659; A. 189, c; G. 202, Rem. 4.-Deorum. A. 216, b. 591. Illuserit, fut. perf. See note on II. 581.

596-7. Facta impia, (his) wicked deeds, i. e. the perfidy of Aeneas. Others, "her impious deeds;" i. e. Dido's own faithlessness to the memory of Sychaeus.-Tunc. dec., i. e. thou oughtest to have distrusted his fidelity, when thou wert giving him a share of thy power.

598-606. Ejus, quem, etc.-603–6. Fuerat. H. 511, II. 2; A. 308, c; G. 246, R. 3; B. 1276; A. & S. 259, 4, b. Fuisset. Concessive subj. II. 516, II. 1; A. & S. 260, Rem. 3; B. 1281, N. B.; A. 266, c. — Imple(vi)s

sem, exstinx (iss)em. - Memet, etc. I should have fiung myself abore (them, on the funeral pile.)

611. Mer.num., and turn against my ills your divine aid, deserved (by me).

615-620. Charles I., consulting the Sortes Vergilianae at Oxford, opened the book upon these lines. On the same occasion, Lord Falkland opened upon XI. 154-7. Dido's curse against Aeneas was fulfilled throughout. (See page 330.)

625-33. Exor., rise! some avenger, etc. A reference to Hannibal. The hypermeter syll. -que (629) betrays an intention to say more, which the powers of speech refused. Suam, her own (nurse).

640-69. Dard. cap., i. e. of Aeneas · (643). Her eyes are bloodshot, and red spots are burning on each cheek.-Lac. et mente, for tears and thoughts. Abl. of mode.—Ulta virum, I have avenged my husband. (I. 360 sqq.)-Sic, sic. To be taken with ire. She twice stabs herself, at these words. Juvat, 'tis pleasure. — Ferro in ferrum. fall.

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Ruat, should

671-96. Culmina―tecta. — Perque. Prepositions are sometimes placed after their cases; this occurs, with substantives, first, before an adj., as in fronde super viridi; secondly, before a gen., as here; thirdly, before a second subst. similarly governed, as in saxa per et scopulos. It is more common in the case of dissyllabic than in that of monosyllabic prepositions. and after a pronoun, like qui or hic, than after a substantive. G. Hoc illud fuit, was this that thing thou hadst in view? Hoc, in lines 675-6, and me, are emphatic. - Vocasses, thou shouldst (i. e. thou oughtest to) have invited. Subj. of propriety; (L. says, of wish.) So tulisset. — Struxi, sc. rogum. —Sic te posita, 'abl. absol. — Stridet, gurgles. Iris is Juno's usual messenger. She is here sent to do what is usually done by Proserpine. C.-Nexos, "that cling to it."- Fato, i. e. by a natural death, merita morte, by a violent death provoked by some action on the sufferer's part.

BOOK V.

ARGUMENT.

AENEAS sets sail for Italy, but is a second time driven on the coast of Sicily, where, assisted by Acestes, he celebrates games at his father's tomb on the anniversary of his death (1-103). The first contest is a race of four galleys (104-285); the second, a foot-race (286-361); the third, a pugilistic contest, with gauntlets (362-484); the fourth, a trial of skill in archery (485-544); lastly, "the game of Troy," cavalry exercises led by Ascanius and his companions Priamus and Atys (545– 603). Meantime the Trojan women, instigated by Iris, the messenger of Juno, set fire to the ships, of which four are burned, and the others saved in answer to the prayers of Aeneas (604-699). Following the advice of Nautes, and of Anchises (who appears to his son in a vision, and gives him advice and direction with regard to his future course), Aeneas founds the town of Acesta, where, as colonists under the care of Acestes, he leaves many of the matrons, and the old men unfit for actual service. The Trojans again set sail for Latium, under Neptune's protection; and at length, after his many wanderings, our hero reaches Italy, having, however, lost his pilot, Palinurus, when near the Hesperian coast (700-871).

In this pleasing interlude between the tragedy of the Fourth Book and the mysterious solemnities of the Sixth, Aeneas appears as the reverentially dutiful son, and the courteous, chivalric prince. C. in part.

2-15. Certus, unwavering. — Mag. am. pelluto, when great love is wronged. Abl. absol. of time and cause. - Notum, the knowledge. H. 580; A. & S. 274, Rem. 5, (b).— Colligere arma, i. e. to reef the sails. 18-38. Spondeat, sperem. H. 509; A. & G. 307, b.-Transversa. H. 443; A. 240, a; G. 331, 2.—Tantum, as much as is necessary to overcome the wind. — (24). The shores of thy brother, Eryx. E. was a son of Venus. Servata, observed (in our previous voyage). — Sit, question of appeal. — Optem, potential subj.— Egestus or Acestes was said to be the son of the river-god Crimisus (called Crinisus by V.) and Segesta or Egesta, a Trojan maiden. Gremio, poetical abl. of place. 51-71. Hunc, sc. diem. - Deprensus, overtaken, surprised (by this anniversary). Posc. ventos, let us ask (him) for (favorable) winds

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