Power of remov

pour.

legal settlement, for any longer time than such person shall inhabit in such estate, unless the consideration for 8&9 W.3.c.30 such purchase shall amount to £30. The 8 & 9 W. 3.c.30. s. 1. Eng. Eng. provides (s. 1.) that if any person that shall come into any parish to inhabit and reside, shall deliver to the al restramed as church-wardens or overseers, a certificate under the hands to certificate and seals of the church-wardens and overseers, or the major part of them, of any other parish, or of the overseers of the poor of any other place where there are no church-wardens, attested by 2 witnesses, owning the person to be an inhabitant settled in that parish, such certificate having been subscribed by 2 justices of the county, &c. wherein the parish from which such certificate shall come doth lie, shall oblige the said parish to provide for the person, together with his family, whenever he shall become chargeable to the parish to which such certificate was given; and then, and not before, it shall be lawful for any such person, and his children, though born in that parish, not having otherwise acquired a legal settlement there, to be removed into the parish from whence 9 & 10 W. 3. such certificate was brought. And the 9 & 10 W.3.q.11. c. 11. Eng. Eng. provides, that no person who shall come into any parish by certificate, shall be adjudged to have procured a legal settlement in such parish, unless he shall, bona fide, take a lease of a tenement of the value of £10. or shall execute some annual office in such parish, being legally placed in such office. And by the 12 Ann. st. 1. c. 18. Eng. if any person shall be an apprentice bound by indenture, or a hired servant, to any person who did come into or shall reside in any parish, &c. in England, by certificate, and not afterwards having gained a settlement, he shall not thereby gain any settlement. The 33 Geo.3. c. 54. s. 24. Eng. also excludes apprentices and servants to certificated members of friendly societies. The English statutes 3 Car. I. c. 4. s. 22. 5 Geo. 1. c. 8. 3 Geo. 2. c. 29. 17 Geo. 2. c. 3. 37 & 38. 9 Geo. 3. c. 37. 18 Geo. 3. c. 19 & 47. 20 Geo. 3, c. 36. 35 Geo. 3. c. 101. 36 Geo. 3. c. 23. 41 Geo. 3.c. 23. 42 Geo. 3. c. 46. and 45 .Geo. 3. c. 54. also relate to this subject. The 22 Geo. 3. poor by incorp c. 83. Fng. (amended by the 33 Geo. 3. c. 35. 36 Geo. 3. sated societies. c. 10. 41 Geo. 3. st. 1. c. 9. 42 Geo. 3. c. 74. and 43 Geo.3.

Settlement how acquired by certificate person.

12 Ann. st. 1. c. 18. Eng.

33 Geo 3. c.5+. s. 24. Eng.

Maintenance of

c. 110.

Eng.

c.110.) recites, that by the incapacity, negligence, or mis- 22 Geo. 3.c.53. conduct of overseers the money raised for the relief of the poor is frequently misapplied, and sometimes expended in defraying the charges of litigations about settlements indiscreetly and unadvisedly carried on; and therefore provides for establishing suitable and convenient poorhouses or workhouses in the several parishes and townships, under the inspection and controul of visitors, guardians, and governors, for the reception of such as are become indigent by old age, sickness, or infirmities, and are unable to acquire a maintenance by their labour, and for such orphan children as are sent there by order of the guardians of the poor with the approbation of the visitor, and of such children also as shall necessarily go tliere with their mothers for sustenance. And this act contains the following rules and regulations to be observed and enforced at every poorhouse to be established under this act:-I. That the several persons who shall be sent to any Rules for rega lation of poor such poorhouse, who are capable of doing any work, houses, shall be employed by the governor in some labour which may be best suited to their strength and capacity-II. That the governor shall take particular care to keep the said house and the several apartments therein, and also the several persons who shall inhabit the same, clean and wholesome; and for that purpose he shall employ such of the said poor persons who shall be sent thither, whom he shall think most able and best qualified for the offices, to assist him therein, and also in the providing and dressing victuals for the use of such poor persons; and if any such poor person shall refuse or neglect to perform the work or labour in which he or she shall be so employed, or shall be directed to do by the governor, every such person. shall be punished by confinement, or a'teration of diet, in such manner as the governor shall direct; and for a second offence of the like sort complaint thereof shall be made to some justice of the peace for the limit, who on conviction shall commit such person to the house of correction for any time not exceeding 2 calendar months, nor less than 1 calendar month-III. That the apartments in the house or houses to be provided as aforesaid, shall be

adapted

adapted so as to accommodate the poor who shall be sent thither in the best manner they are capable-That the governor shall place in the best apartments such poor persons who, having been creditable housekeepers, are reduced by misfortune, in preference to those who are become poor by vice and idleness; and that separate apartments shall be provided for the reception of the sick and distempered poor, and an apothecary or surgeon to be sent for to attend them when there shall appear necessity for it, at the expense of the parish or place to which such poor persons belong.-IV. That such poor persons who are able to work shall be called up by ring of bell, and set to work by 6 in the morning from Ladyday to Michaelmas, and by 8 from Michaelmas to Ladyday, and continue until 4 in the afternoon from Michaelmas to Ladyday, and from Ladyday to Michaelmas till 6 in the afternoon, (mealtimes and times for reasonable recreation excepted;) and if any such poor person shall refuse or neglect to do such work as shall be allotted him or her, or wilfully spoil the same, or depart from such house without leave from the governor, or shall be guilty of any disorder or disobedience to these rules and orders, the governor shall reprove such poor person for the same, and punish him or her by confinement or alteration of diet, as the said governor shall think fit; and if such person shall be guilty of the like offence a second time, the governor shall complain thereof to the visitor of such house, who is hereby authorized to order the punishment of confinement to be increased to such degree as he shall think ft.-V. That the governor shall enter in a book to be kept by him, an account of the household goods, linen, furniture, and utensils provided for the said house; and also an account of the material's bought for manufacture, and of the goods manufactured there; which shall be laid before the guardians at their monthly meeting, and before the visitor whenever he comes to such house.VI. That the governor shall visit the several persons maintained in such house or houses, and their apartments once at least in every day; and shall take care that there is no waste of fire, candles, or provisions; and shall see that the fires and candles are put out at the hours fixed

for

for such persons going to bed, which shall be at 8 of the clock between Michaelmas and Lady-day, and 9 between Lady-day and Michaelmas.-VII. That when any person shall die in the house, the governor shall take care that the body of such person be immediately removed into some separate apartment, and be decently buried as soon as conveniently may be; and also take care of the cloaths and goods of such person, and deliver them to the guardian of the poor of the parish or place to which such person did belong, who is to pay the charges of the funeral of such poor person.-VIII. That no poor person be permitted to go out of the poorhouse, nor any person permitted to come into such house or houses, except the persons maintained and employed there, without the permission of the governor; and that no spirituous liquors be permitted to be drunk in such house or houses; and that no other liquors shall be brought thither, without the permission of the said governor,-IX. That the rules, orders, and bye-laws shall be publicly read by the governor to all the poor persons kept in such house or houses, once at least in every month.-X. That all the poor persons able to go to church, shall attend divine service every Sunday.-XI. That the governor shall dismiss from the poorhouse, or workhouse, every person who shall in the opinion of the guardian or guardians, be thought improper to continue longer there, and upon an order from him or them for that purpose.

In Ireland, the subsistence of the poor appears to have Maintenance of depended upon the bounty of individuals for a much poor in Ireland. longer period than in England; for though in the reign of Henry VIII. an act was passed, adopting the numerous provisions of the English statute 22 Hen. 8. c. 12. for licensing the aged poor and impotent persons to beg, (as well as for punishing the vagabonds and mighty strang beggars), yet the humanity of the Irish legislature did not interfere to create any fund or to form any regular institution, for the maintenance of the indigent poor, till the 11 & 12 Geo. 3. c. 30. Ir. was passed, by which 11 & 12 Geo.3. corporations were established for the purpose in every c. 30. Ir. county, county of a city, and county of a town in Ireland;

which

which are to consist, in counties, of the archbishop or bishop of the diocese, the representatives in parliament, and the justices of peace for such counties; and in counties of cities or counties of towns, of the chief magistrate, sheriffs, and recorder, as also the representatives in parliament, and justices of the peace for such county of a city or town, and persons subscribing £20., or £3. annually, are also declared to be members of such corporations. They are also authorized to elect such other residents during good behaviour as they shall think fit. Capacity to take And each of these corporations is enabled to take by bunds, &c. purchase, voluntary grant, or devise, any lands, &c. of inheritance, or for lives, not exceeding the yearly value of £500.; and also all such donations in personal property as shall be made to them, and to accept of all leases for years of houses or lands, so as no such lease shall exceed 21 years. And they are also authorized by $. 3. to take by grant, or by devise, any quantity of ground within their counties respectively, not exceeding in a city or town 2 roods, plantation measure, or in the open country 20 acres of the like measure, for the sites of houses to be built for the reception of the helpless poor, and for keeping in restraint sturdy beggars and vagabonds. And these houses which, by s. 5. are reIquired to be built as soon as there should be sufficient funds for the purpose, are to be called workhouses or houses of industry, and to be divided into 4 parts, one for such poor helpless men as shall be judged worthy of admission; another part for poor helpless women; one other part for the reception of men who shall be committed as vagabonds or sturdy beggars, able or fit for labour; and the fourth part for such idle, strolling, disorderly women as shall be committed, and shall be found able or fit for labour. These corporations are authorized and required, by s. 4. to grant to the helpless poor who have resided for one year within their respective counties, cities, or town's, badges or marks, of such materials and of such a stamp or impression as they shall think fit; and to grant to such helpless poor a license to beg in such barony, city, town, or parish, within their

Sites for houses of industry.

S. 5.

Classification poor therein.

$4.

Licensed beg

gars,

of

respective