He that will not when he may, When he would he fhall have nay.

neighbouring cape is called by the Italians capo Smeriglio, or the Emerald cape. Diodorus relates that the inland was first peopled by the Thracians. These were fubdued by a body of Theffalians, who having possessed the island for above 200 years were compelled to abandon it by a famine. After the Trojan war, the Carians fettled here and called the island Naxos, from their king who was the fon of Polemon. He was fucceeded by his fon Leucippus, and Leucippus by his fon Smardius, in whole reign Thefeus, coming out of Crete, landed here with Ariadne, whom he was, in his sleep, commanded by Bacchus to leave in this iflaud. A colony of Cuidians and Rhodians afterwards fettled here under Hippothous and Xuthus; the laft of all the Ionians, who poffeffed the whole ifland; whence the Naxians are, by Herodotus, called Ionians, and ranked among the Athenian colonies.

(2.) NAXUS, or NAXOS, the capital of the a bove inland now called alfo NAXIA. Near it the Athenians and Baotians, under Chabrias defeated the Lacedemonians under Agefilaus; on the 20th Sept. A. A. C. 377.

(3.) NAXUS, an ancient town of Crete, famous for its hones, made of the lapis Naxius.

(4.) NAXUS, a town of Sicily, tilt by the Chalcidians, on the S. fide of Mount Taurus, deftroyed by Dionyfius the tyrant; from whofe ruins TAUROMINIUM, built by Timoleon, either arofe or was increased. Plutarch.

(5, 6.) NAXUS, K. and founder of Naxos. See NAXUS, N° 1.

(1.) NAY, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Pyrenees; 9 miles SSE. of Pau, and 15 E of Oleron.

(2.) NAY, a town of France, in the dep. of the Upper Loire; 12 miles SE. of Brioude.

(3.) NAY, a river of France, which runs into the Charente between Saintes and Cognac.

(4.) NAY, a town of the Helvetic republic in Berne, the birth place of J. ABBADIE.

(5.) NAY. adv. na, Sax, or ne aye.] 1. No; an adverb of negation.

Difputes in wrangling fpend the day, Whilst one says only yea, and t’other nay. Denh. 2. Not only fo, but more. A word of amplification.—A good man always profits by his endeavour, yea, when he is abfent; nay, when dead, by his example and memory. Ben Jonson. He catechized the children in his chamber, giving liberty, nay invitation to as many as would, to come and hear. Fell.-This is then the allay of Ovid's writings, which is fufficiently recompenfed by his other excellencies; nay, this very fault is not without its beauties; for the moft fevere cenfor cannot but be pleafed. Dryden.-If a fon fhould ftrike his father, not only the criminal but his whole family would be rooted out, may, the inhabitants of the place where he lived, would be put to the sword, nay, the place itfelf would be razed. Spectator. 3. Word of refufal. -They have beaten us openly uncondemned, being Romans, and have caft us into prifon; and now do they thruft us out privily? nay verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out. Acts, xvi. 37.-The fox made feveral excufes, but the ftork would not be faid nay. L'Efrange.

Provs

NAYERS, or NAIRES. See NAIRES. NAYLAND, a town of Suffolk, on the Stour, which divides it from Essex. Its chief manufac ture is foap. It has a market on Friday; and is 6 miles N. of Colchester, and 56 NE. of London. NAYLOR, James, a noted English enthusiast, born about 1616, in the parish of Ardefley, near Wakefield in Yorkshire. His father, though proprietor of an estate, gave his fon but a mean education, though his parts were very confiderable. He married young, and fettled in Wakefield parish. In 1641 he was a foldier under Lord Fairfax, being then a prefbyterian; but became an independent, and was made quartermafter under Gen. Lambert. In 1651-2, he was converted by George Fox the quaker, and commenced a preacher and prophet among that people. One of his prophecies was, that the last judgment should be on the 15th day of next November. The faifehood of this prediction was foon perceived, yet fuch is the power of enthufiafm that his fame rofe daily. He went to London in 1655, and having strange fancies of celeftial illuminations, confidered himself as a favourite of heaven. In 1656 he went into the west of England, but his extravagancies were so great and his opinions fo blafphemous, that even in those days of fanatical delufion, they were heard with fuch horror, that he was imprisoned a month in Exeter gaol. Refolving to return to London, he made his entrance into Bristol, in imitation of the manner our Saviour entered into Jerufalem, the people calling out "Holy, holy, holy, lord god of Sabaoth, &c." for which impious conduct he was apprehended with fix of his affociates; fent to London, imprisoned, and condemned to be whipt, and put to hard labour. The fentence was executed, and he recovered his fenfes, expreffed his repentance, and was again received by the Quakers, who had difowned him. In 1659 he was freed from prifon; and in 1660 fet off to fee his wife and children; but being robbed and left bound by the way, he was carried to a friend's house at Rippon, where he died in Nov. 1660. He was the author of feveral works; but his eccentricities, rather than his writings, have preferved his memory, and he is recorded not fo much as a man of genius or parts, though poffefed of both, but rather as a ftriking example of the power of enthusiasm.

NAYRES, the nobility of the Malabar coaft. They are reckoned the oldeft nobility in the world; for the moft ancient writers mention them, and quote the law that permits the Nayre ladies to have many husbands; every one being allowed four; or according to Mr Cruttwell from 7 to 12; only they must belong to the fame tribe. Their houses, which stand tingle, have as many doors as the lady has hufbands. When one of them vifits her, he walks round the houfe, ftriking with his fabre on his buckler: he then opens his door, and leaves a domeftic with his arms in a kind of porch, who ferves to inform others that the lady is engaged. One day in the week the doors are all opened, and all her husbands vifit and dine with her. Each husband gives a fum of

money

money, or portion, at the time of marriage; and the wife only has the charge of the children. The Nayres even the Samorin, and the other princes, have no other heirs than the children of their fifters. This law was established, that the Nayres, having no family, might be always ready to march against the enemy. When the nephews are of age to bear arms, they follow their uncles. The Dame of father is unknown to a Nayre child. He Speaks of the hufbands of his mother and of his uncles, but never of his father.

NAYS, a town of France, in the department of the Meule on the Ornain; 3 miles S. of Ligny. *NAYWORD. n. f. [ney and word.] 1. The fide of denial: the faying nay. Not in ufe.

You would believe my faying, Howe'er you lean to th' nayword. Shak. 2. A proverbial reproach; a bye-word. If I do not gull him into a nayword, and make him a common recreation, do not think I have wit enough to lie ftraight in my bed. Shak.-3. A watchword. Not in ufe. I have poke with her; and we have a nayword how to know one another. I come to her in white, and cry mum; the cries budget; and by that we know one another. Shak.

NAZALEOD, See England, § 13.

NAZAREAN, or NAZARITE has various fig NAZARENE, nifications, as 1. One that is of Nazareth, or a native of this city. 2. It was gi ten to Jefus Chrift and his difciples, and is commonly taken in a fenfe of derition and contempt, in fuch authors as have written againft Chriftianity., 3. A fect of heretics. 4. A man that has taken a vow to obferve the rules of Nazaritefhip, either for his whole life, as Samfon and John the Baptift; or only for a time, as thofe mentioned in Numbers vi. 18, 19, 20. Amos ii. 11, 12. 5. Laft ly, Nazarite in fome paflages of fcripture denotes a man of particular diftinction and dignity in the court of fome prince. I. and II. the name Nazarene belongs to Jefus Chrift, not only because of his having lived the greatest part of his life at Nazareth, but alfo because the prophets had foretold that he should be called a Nazarene. See Matth. ii. 23. We End no particular place in the prophets in which it is faid that the Metliah fhould be called a Nazarene; and St Matthew only quotes the prophets in general. Perhaps he would infinuate, that the confecration of the Nazarites, and the great purity of which they made profeffion, was a type and a fort of a prophefy of thofe of our Saviour, or elfe that the name a Nazir or Nazarite given to the patriarch Jofeph, Gen. xlix. 26. Deut. xxxiii. 16. was a prophefy which was to be fulfilled in the perfon of Jefus Chrift, of whom Jofeph was a figure. St Jerom was of opinion, that St Matthew here alTudes to that paffage of Ifaiah xi. 1. and lx. 21. "And there fhall come forth a rod out of the flem of Jeffe, and a branch (Heb. Nezer) shall grow out of his roots." This branch or Nezer, and this rod, are certainly intended to denote Jefus Chrift, by the general confent of all the fathers and interpreters. III. The fect of NAZARENES were Chriftians converted from Judaifm, whofe chief crror confifted in defending the neceffity or expediency of the works of the law, and who obftinately adhered to the practice of the Jewish ceremonies. The name,

Nazarenes, at firft had nothing odious in it, and it was often given to the first Chriftians. The fa thers frequently mention the gospel of the Naza renes, which differs nothing from that of St Matthew, which was either in Hebrew or Syriac, for the ufe of the first converts, but was afterwards corrupted by the Ebionites. Thele Nazareans preferved this firft gofpel in its primitive purity. Some of them were in exiftence in the time of St Jerom, who does not reproach them with any er ror. They were very zealous obfervers of the law of Mofes, but held the traditions of the Pharifees in very great contempt.-IV. Nazarite, when used to fignify a perfon under the ancient law, who made a vow of obferving a more than ordinary degree of purity, denotes a man or woman who engaged by a vow to abftain from wine and all intexicating liquors, to let their hair grow without cutting or fhaving, not to enter into any houfe that was poiluted by having a dead corpfe in it, nor to be prefent at any funeral. When any one died in their prefence, they began again the whole ceremony of their confecration and Nazariteship. This ceremony generally lasted 8 days, fometimes a month, and fometimes their whole lives. When the time of their Nazaritefhip was accomplished, the priest brought the perfon to the door of the temple, who there offered a he lamb for a burnt offering, a fhe lamb for an expiatory facrifice, and a ram for a peace-offering. They offered likewife loaves and cakes, with wine for the libations. Af ter all this the priest or fome other shaved the head of the Nazarite at the door of the tabernacle, and burnt his hair, throwing it upon the fire of the altar. Then the priest put into the hand of the Nazarite the fhoulder of the ram roafted, with a loat and a cake, which the Nazarite returning into the hands of the priest, he offered them to the Lord, lifting them up in the prefence of the Nazarite. And from this time he might again drink wine, his Nazariteship being accomplithed. As to those who were perpetual Nazarites, as were Samfon and John the Baptift, it appears that they were confecrated to their Nazaniteship by their parents, and continued all their lives in this ftate, without drinking wine or cutting their hair. Thofe who made a vow of Nazaritelhip out of Palestine, and could not come to the temple when their vow was expired, contented themfeives with obferving the abstinence required by the law, and after that cutting their hair in the place where they were as to the offerings and facrifices prefcribed by Mofes, which were to be offered at the tempie by themselves, or by others for them, they deferred this till they could have a convenient ope portunity. Hence St Paul being at Corinth, and having made the vow of a Nazarite, he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea, and put off fulfilling the reft of his vow till he should arrive at Jerufalem, Acts xviii. 18. When a perfon found that he was not in a condition to make a vow of Nazariteship, or had not leiture to perform the ceremonies be longing to it, he contented himself by contributing to the expence of the facrifice and offerings of those who had made and fulfilled this vow; and thus became a partaker in the merit of fuch Nazariteflip. When St Paul came to Jerufalem, A

D. 3

D. 58, the apostle St James the Lefs, with the other brethren, said to him, Acts xxi. 23, 24. that to quiet the minds of the converted Jews, who had been informed that he everywhere preached up the entire abolition of the law of Mofes, he ought to join himself to four of the faithful who had a wow of Nazariteship upon them, and contribute to the charge of the ceremony at the fhaving of their heads; by which the new converts would perceive that he continued to keep the law.V. The Hebrew word NAZIR, or Nazrite, which is made ufe of to exprefs a man exaited to great dignity, as it is faid of the patriarch Jofeph, Gen. xlix. 26. and Deut. xxxiii. 16. " that he was feparate from his brethren," as it is in our tranfLation; or as the Vulgate and others understand the Hebrew," that he was as a Nazarite among bis brethren," variously understood. Some think that the Hebrew word ↳ Nazir in these places, fignifies one who is crowned, chofen, feparated, or diftinguished: the word " Nazir fignifies a crown. The LXX tranflate this word a chief or him that is honoured. Calmet thinks that this was a term of dignity in the courts of eaftern prin. ces; and that at this day in the court of Perfia the word Nazir fignifies the fuperintendant general of the king's household, the chief officer of the crown, the high fteward of his family, trea fures, and revenues; and that in this feufe Jofeph was the Nazar of the court of Pharaoh. Le Clerc tranflates Nazir a prince, and calls Jofeph "the prince of his brethren," in the two places already quoted. Mr Pool declares in favour of this iaft tranflation. See Jofephus, Chardin, Chryfoft. St Jerom, &c.

(1.) NAZARETH, a little city of Judæa in the tribe of Zebulun, in Lower Galilee, W. of Tabor, and E. of Ptolemais.. Eufebius fays, it is 15 miles from Legion towards the E. This city is much celebrated in the fcriptures, for having been the ufual place of the refidence of Jefus Chrift for the 30 years of his life. Luke ii. 51. There he became incarnate, lived in obedience to Jofeph and Mary, and thence was called a NAZARENE. He preached there fometimes in the fynagogue, id. iv. 16: But because his countrymen had no faith in him, and were offended at the meannefs of his original, he did not perform many miracles there, Matth. xiii. 54. 58. fo he fixed his habitation at Capernaum for the latter part of his life, id, iv. 13. Nazareth was fituated upon an eminence; and on one fide there was a precipice, from whence the Nazarenes one day had a defign of throwing down our Saviour, becaufe he upbraided them with their incredulity, Luke iv. 29. St Epiphanius, fays, that in his time Nazareth was only a village, and that to the reign of Conftantine it was inhabited by Jews lone, exclufive of all Chriftians. Adamnanus, a writer of the 7th age, fays, that in his time there were two great churches at Nazareth, one in the midst of the city, built upon two arches, in the place where our Saviour's houfe had stood. Under the two arches, was a very fine fountain, which furnished water to the whole city. The other church was built where the houfe ftood wherein the angel Gabriel announced to the virgin Mary our Lord's incarnation; and we are told that this church, which is supported by two arches, is fill in VOL. XV. PART II.

existence. Mr Maundrell fays, that there is a con. vent built over the place of annunciation, the chamber where the received the angel's falutation, having been about 500 years ago removed from Nazareth by angels to Loretto. (See LoRETTO, Nˇ 1.) Calmet's opinion upon the different tranflations of this famous houfe of Loretto is, that they were only fo many different buildings made upon the model of the church of Nazareth Mariti tells us, that in the E. part of the city ftands the church dedicated to the Bleffed Virgin; which the zeal of the Cœnobites raised from the ruins of that which had been deftroyed by the Saracens. It is a very handfome building, and confifts of three naves; in the middle of which is the principal altar; to which there is an afcent by two magnificent ftairs, much admired for their iron balluftrades, the work of an ingenius monk of the convent. The defcent to the grotto or an nunciation chapel below is by fteps of beautiful marble, cut with great tafte. Two beautiful columns of oriental granite ftrike the eye at en trance. They have been conftructed both for fupport and ornament. The altar of this fubterrane ani chapel is extremely elegant, and the different kinds of marble with which it is ornamented, re~ceive an additional luftre from the combined light of feveral filver lamps prefented by Chriftian princes. On folemn festivals, the walls and the pilaf ters are ornamented with various pieces of tapef try, reprefenting the mysteries of the Virgin; fuperb prefent from the Houfe of Auftria. In the W. part of the city frands a Chriftian church, built, as is faid, on the fite of the ancient fyna gogue where Jefus fhowed the Jews the accompli hment of the prophecies in his perfon. At fome distance is a large ftone of a round form, cailed Chrift's Table. Nazareth formerly held the 3d rank under the patriarch of Jerufalem. At prefent it is part of the domains of the chief of Acre. The ancient city, after the ravages of fanaticifm, was reduced to a miferable hamlet, containing only a few Arab huts. Under Daher O mar, however, it recovered very confiderably, and is now of far more importance. Lon. 35.20. E. Lat. 32. 30. N.

(2.) NAZARETH, a beautiful town of Pennsylvania, in Northampton county, chiefly inhabited by about 500 Moravians. It is regularly built chiefly of treeftone in a very healthy fituation. It has an academy, where youth are taught Latin, French, mufic, drawing, &c. It lles 10 miles N. by E. of Bethlehem, and 63 N. by W. of Philadelphia.

(3.) NAZARETH, a river of Africa, in Lower Guinea, which runs into the Atlantic, near Cape Lopez Gonfaivo.

(4.) NAZARETH, a town of Perfia, in Irak.
NÁZARITE. See NAZARENE.

(1.) NAZE, or LINDESNESS, a cape on the S. coaft of Norway, joining the main land by a very narrow rocky ifthmus. Though high, barren and rocky, it is inhabited by 12 families of peafants. It projects into the North Sea, one mile SW. and is half a mile broad. Lon. 7. 12. E. Lat. 58. 1. N.

(2.) NAZE, or NAZE POINT, a head land on the E. coaft of Effex, S. of Harwich, and 60 iniles from the North Foreland, with which it forms the mouth of the Thames. See FORELAND, N° 2.

NAZELLES, a town of France in the dep. Indre and Loire; 3 miles N. of Amboife.NAZIANZEN. See GRECORY, No 20. NAZIANZUM, or a fea port of Cappado NAZIANZUS, Scia, famous for the birth of St Gregory.

NAZIM, the lord lieutenant, viceroy or gover nor of a province in Hindoftan; the fame as Lubakdar, or NABOB.

NAZIMOVA, a town of Ruffia, in Tobolik. NAZIN, a river of Ruffia, running into Oby. NAZIR. See NAZARENE.

NAZZARETH. See NAZARETH, N° 4. N. B. a contraction for Nota Bene, Mark well, or take particular notice.

*NE, adv. Saxon. This particle was formerly of very frequent use, both fingly and by contraction in compound words: as nill for ne qvill or will not; nas for ne has or bas not; nis for ne is or is not. Neither; and not.

His warlike fhield all cover'd clofely was, Ne might of mortal eye be ever seen. Spenfer. -(1.) NFA, a river of Norway, which runs into Lake Soelbo, in Drontheim.

(2.) NEA, an ifle between Lemnos and the Hellefpont; which rofe during an earthquake. Plin. ii. 87. NEÆTHUS, a river of Italy in Magna Græcia, near Crotona; now called NETO..

NEAF. n. f. [nefi, Iflandick.] A fift. It is retained in Scotland; and in the plural neaves Give me thy meaf, Monfieur Mustardfeed. Shak.

(1.) NEAGH, a river of Wales in Denbigh-fhire, tunning into the Conway, 6 miles below Llanroft. (2.) NEAGH, LOUGH. See LOUGH-NEAGH. NEAHOSNOS, a town of Croatia.

(1.) NEAL, Daniel, an Englith hiftorian and divine, born at London in 1678, and educated at Merchant Taylors fchool, and Rowe's Diffenting Academy. He afterwards went to Utrecht and Leyden. In 1706, he was elected paftor of a congregation of Independents in Alderfgate-Street. He wrote a History of New England, in 2 vois 8vo. and a Hiftory of the Puritans, in 4 vols 4to, with fome other works. He died in 1743

(2.) NEAL, a town of Ireland, in Mavo. (1.) To NEAL. v. a. fonælan, Saxon; to kindle.] To temper by a gradual and regulated heat The workmen let it cool by degrees in fuch relentings of fire, as they call their nealing heats. Digby.—This did happen for want of the glaffes being gradually cooled or nealed. Bayle.-If you file, engrave, or punch upon your teel, neal it fift, because it will make it fofter, and confe. quently work eafier. Maxon's Mechanical Exercises. (2.) * TO NEAL. v. n. To be tempered in fire. -Reduction is chiefly effected by fire, wherein if they stand and neal, the imperfect metals vapour away. Bacon.

NEALED, part. adj. among feamen, is ufed when the founding is deep water close to the fhore; as alfo when the fhore is fandy, clayey, oozy, or foul and rocky ground.

(1.) NEALING, n. f. or rather ANNEALING, is the preparing of feveral matters, by beating or baking them in the oven, or the like.

(2.) NEALING is also used for the art or act of burning or baking earthen or other wase in an

(3.) NEALING OF GLASS is the baking of glafs, to dry, harden, and give it the due confiftence, after it has been blown, and fashioned into the proper works.―This is usually performed in a kind of tower called the leer, built over the melting furnace. See GLASS-MAKING, Seen IV, III. Nealing of giafs is alfo used for the art of ftaining glafs with metalline colours." One fine ufe of filver (fays Mr Boyle) was only difcovered fince the art of annealing upon giafs came to be practifed. For prepared filver, or even the crude metal, being burnt on a glass plate, will tinge it of a fine yellow or golden colour. And there are feveral mineral earths, and other coarse matters of ufe in this art, which by means of fire impart tranfparent colours to glafs, and fometimes very different ones from thofe of the bodies themselves.

(4.) NEALING OF STEEL, is the heating it in the fire to a blood-red heat, and then taking it out, and letting it cool gently of itfelf. This is done to make it fofter, in order to engrave or punch upon it. See TEMPERING and ENGRAY

ING.

(5.) NEALING OF TILE is ufed in ancient ftatutes for the burning of tile.

NEANDER, Michael, a proteftant divine, born at Sofa, in Silefia, in 1513. He was educated at Sofa, and afterwards, at Wittemburg, under MeJanethon. He taught with much applaufe at Nordhanfen in 1549; and afterwards for 40 years in the academy of Ilfeldt and Pfortzheim. He published several useful works, and died at Pfortzheim, April 26, 1595.

NEANT, a town of France, in the dep. of Morbihan; 41⁄2 miles SW. of Moron, and 5 NE of Pioermel.

NEANTHES, an orator and hiftorian of Cyzicum; who flourished, A. A. C. 257.

(1.) * NEAP. adj. (nepflod, Sax. naftig, poor.] Low; decrefcent. Ufed only of the tide, and therefore fometimes used substantively. The mo ther of waters, the great deep, hath loft nothing of her ancient bounds. Her motion of ebbing and flowing, of high springs and dead neaps, are as conftant as the changes of the moon. Hakewill on Providente.-How doth the sea conftantly obferve its ebbs and flows, its fprings and neap-tides, and ftill retain its faitnefs? Rag.

(2.) NEAP, or NEEP TIDES, are those tides which happen when the moon is in the middle of the ad and 4th quarters. They are low tides, in refpect of their oppofites the fpring-tides. As the higheft of the fpring-tides is three days after the fuil or change, fo the loweft of the neap is four days before the fuil or change. On which occafion the feamen fay that it is deep neap.

NEAPED, part. adj. When a fhip wants water, fo that he cannot get out of the harbour, off the ground, or out of the dock, the feamen fay the is neaped, or bencaped.

NEAPOLI, a town of Sardinia.

(1.) NEA