obferves, that The export is bare one thirty-fecond part of the consumption, one thirty-third of the growth, exclufive of the feed, one thirty-fixth part including the feed, and not near one third of the feed itself, fuppofing it only one tenth of the growth: nor did even the highest year ever known, the year 1750, when the amount of the export was 1,500,220 qr. furpass the feed one twelfth part, and yet what prodigious benefit hath the nation reaped from the exportation. The import hath been about a five hundred and ferventy-first part of the confumption and one eighteenth of the export, and never equalled but a very finall part of the growth. The growth, exclufive of the feed, which to fave deduction we here omit, exceeds the confumption only about one thirty-fourth, which confirms what is advanced, and fhews how much they are mistaken, who talk of one year's growth ferving two, three, or four; which is the error of r fenfible men, and judicious writers, &c. many Thefe obfervations are of fuch utility, that we thought proper to quote them here for the benefit of our readers, as well as to fhew the merit of the work before us; to which we must refer those who would wish to fee the calculations from which thefe inferences are drawn. To the feveral pieces we have now reviewed, is added a fupplement, containing further illuftrations on this fubject. In it are confidered magazines, particularly those of Berne in Switzerland, for corn and wine. It appears, from what is here faid concerning thofe magazines, that they do as effectually provide against a scarcity with them, as our corn-laws have done with us. We have here too an account of the approbation bestowed on our corn-laws by fome eminent French authors, with fome late edicts, published in France, to encourage the growth of corn in that kingdom. The supplement concludes with a computation of the number of people in England and Wales; in what proportion the different grains are confumed; in what quantities the feveral forts of grain are employed annually; and, laftly, the number of houfes and inhabitants in London and Paris, with the quantity of corn confumed in each. Such are the materials which conftitute the work before us,' and which, for their accuracy and importance, we think worthy the highest commendation. It is hardly poffible to do them fufficient juftice within the narrow limits to which we are circumfcribed; but we flatter ourselves with having given fuch a view of them, as will induce our readers to peruse the work itfelf, fo as to inform themselves on a fubject to us all fo useful and interefting. Whilft agriculture flourishes among us, we must be a happy and opulent people; and the most effectual method of fecuring its prefent and promoting its future profcerity, is to protect the corn-trade, on which it fo much depends, IX. An impartial view of English Agriculture, from permitting the Exportation of Corn, in the Year 1663, to the present Time. 410. Pr. 15. Kearfly." HIS writer is a fenfible advocate for continuing the exportation of corn, the utility of which we have juft seen so fully established in a former pamphlet. • The exportcorn trade, fays this author, is, I apprehend, the most valuable and beneficial trade we at prefent poffefs. It is all neat produce of this country, being different from almost every other, unalloyed with any foreign commodity. It is an univerfal provifion for the industrious poor all over the kingdom, whereas manufactures collect infinite numbers into particular places, impolitically overfilling this, and other great towns, while the country in general is in danger of being uninhabited. The growing fuch large quantities for foreign markets, fecure us in a great measure from a poffibility of famine, to which this country was in former times equally liable with her neighbours. It is a very confiderable encouragement to the navy. It contributes to relieve the land-holder, who, by being encumbered with all your general taxes, and a particular addition of four fhillings on his rent-roll, is perhaps the most oppreffed of any man in the kingdom. It is a certain trade, not like moft manufactures, dependant on whim and fashion, but affected only by the feafons, and as they will continue precarious in foreign countries, so we may depend on their continuing to want the fame quantity of grain; and of course the fame large fums of money will by this means be brought into the kingdom." These are obfervations which deserve particular attention, fince our very being depends on encouraging agriculture in a much higher degree than manufactures. The laws relative to the exportation of corn are next enumerated. Upon these the author obferves, that if the wisdom of former parliaments had not promoted the exportation, and by encreafing the confumption reduced the price, it is very reafonable to conclude, that grain would have rofe in proportion to all other country commodities, fuch as beef, mutton, pork, butter, cheese, milk, &c. which have doubled within these twenty-five years, and are treble the price they were in 1688, when wheat at forty forty-eight fhillings is called a low price, which at present is reckoned extravagantly dear. If, again, culture had not been promoted by establishing the exportation on advantageous terms to the farmer, grain muft have rofe in the fame proportion as other things; and instead of the average price of wheat being thirty fhillings, only half the price at that time; it muft, at least, have been fix pounds, which is no more than double.' This reasoning seems to be extremely juft, and will carry the more force with it when we confider the very great difference between the value of money now and a century past. The author next cenfures, with much justice, the ignorant and interested clamour of many, who endeavour to prepoffefs the people against fo beneficial a trade as the exportation of corn derives to this country, by the most groundlefs apprehenfions of its occafioning a famine. Let any rational man, fays he, impartially confider the exportation as the promoter of agriculture, and he will find that no set of people are more interested in its fuccefs, than the body of poor throughout the whole kingdom. However numerous our manufactures, yet there are more than ten times the number employed and maintained by husbandry. At the very least, every hundred acres fupports two families, befides the infinite numbers of artizans, whose whole dependance for bread is on the profperity of the corn trade; fuch as plough-makers, wheelwrights, black-finiths, collar-makers, &c. and every country trader. Such a measure (the stoppage of exportation) may give bread, at a lower rate, for a small time, to the inhabitants of London, but will pro. bably deprive the country poor of their bread for their whole lives.' It is most certain, that the number of people employed in husbandry, not only exceeds greatly thofe who manufacture in number, but still more in virtue and real worth to the community. The inanufacturers, generally speaking, are a set of debauched, wicked, turbulent people; are constantly raifing their wages, which amount to much more than their support requires, whereby they are enabled to spend much in liquor, which makes them on every occafion the leaders of riots, to the great injury of the community, and the difturbance of good government. The clamours of fuch people ought always to be difcouraged. To fhow the ill-confequences attending a ftoppage of exportation, the author gives us the following inftance: "In the middle of February, 1757, the parliament, in obedience to popular clamour, ftopped the exportation of corn, and the dif tillery at that time wheat was about forty-fix. fhillings; be fore the end of the month, it rofe to fifty fhillings; in March it was fifty-fix fhillings; in April fixty fhillings; in May and June fixty-three fhillings; and fo continued, till a plentiful harveft reduced it to about fifty; at which price it remained the whole year.' This pamphlet concludes with the following just and sensible obfervations: "From thefe particulars, and hiftorical deductions, fays the author, I may venture to conclude, that neither the intereft of the farmer, or the country in general, is the leaft attended to by the opponents of the exportation; nor is it all to be wondered at, when we find that the oppofition comes from the shop-keepers in London and Southwark. The farmer, like every other trader, must have a fufficient profit, or he cannot go on long; the working his ground is equally expenfive in fcarce and plentiful years; in both he pays the fame rent, keeps the fame number of horses, has as many fervants and labourers, is burthened with the fame heavy taxes, and must provide himself and family with the neceffaries of life; by the difference of feafons, his grounds at one time produce twice the quantity they do at another; in a favourable year, an acre of wheat may contain four quarters, in a bad one, not two: what is the poor farmer to do? Is he to fell at the fame price, whether he has much or little? The expecting any thing so strange, is more like Quixots than London tradefmen: however, I believe, the farmer may agree, that if the corporation of London, or the inhabitants of Southwark, can produce a fingle member of theirs that act on this principle, and prefers ruin to advancing his goods in dear times, for fear of diftreffing the poor, he may venture to let this noble spirited tradesman, when found, fix the price of his grain; but till they act on these principles, they should let the farmer have fome return for his toil and expence." The indolence of tradefmen, and the luxury in which they live, produce in them but too frequently pride and avarice they look with contempt on the laborious life and fimpler living of the farmer, without ever questioning the propriety of facrificing his intereft to their own. If corn be dear, the farmer is charged with extortion and engroffing, at the fame time that it is made a plea for exorbitantly raifing the price of their wares: but whoever confiders how infinitely more valuable the induftrious farmer is to the community than the indolent shopkeeper, will always be averfe to join the latter in his unjuft criminations of the former. The pamphlet before us, with the former on the fame fubject, will be found a very fufficient defence of the exportation of corn. 7 X. The X. The Demagogue. By Theophilus Thorn, Efq; 4to. Pr.is. 6d. Robinfon and Roberts. HIS author feems to aim his fatire at a certain popular leader, though with what juftice we fhall not prefume to determine. We cannot, however, refufe him the merit of being a keen and fpirited poet. He brandishes the fcourge with the air of a justice of peace rather than of a beadle, and feems to have borrowed it from the monument of Juvenal. The following quotation, though long, we are perfuaded, will not appear tedious to our readers, who from thence may form fome idea of the author's impartiality, fince he thus paints the more early part of the life of him whom he has chosen for the subject of his fatire. Yet ere from patient flumber fatire wakes, Let truth, confenting with the trump of fame, That power's big torrent brav'd with manly pride, There was a time, ere yet his confcious heart |