1611.

Haleboling.

Castle Parck.

without the benefit of that river which the fort has taken from them, the country affording little or no means for their carriages by land, is a matter of extreme difficulty. And admitting that an enemy's fleet should hazard with full sail to pass by that fort into the harbour (for without there is no safe riding) yet shall they not hinder the relieving of the same, and consequently the succouring of that country, either by land or by sea, except they be masters of them both, which may likewise be alleged for those of Haleboling, Castle Parck and Galway.

The fort of Haleboling upon the river of Cork, which I found altogether defective, being little more than half made up, I caused in almost all parts of the bulwarks curtains and parapets to be repaired, the gate to be finished with a gatehouse over the same, and a row of lodgings to be built for the soldiers and officers, a platform of convenient length and breadth to be made for command of shipping. And, that with those few hands appointed for the guard thereof, it might withstand any sudden surprize or forcible assault whatsoever, I caused a square tower or castle to be erected in the middle of the fort, and so contrived the same that the defendants upon any alarm mounting up to the battlements (without entering the rooms appointed for victuals and munition) might from thence, as from a citadel, scour and fire the ramparts and other defences. Of fresh water they are abundantly supplied by means of a well which I caused to be digged in the island, a small distance from the fort, which proves exceeding sweet and of such quality both summer and winter as may serve above 500 persons for all uses. brief, there is not anything wanting to the necessary fortification of that place, neither could there, in my opinion, any fitter seat have been chosen for the same, both in regard of the natural strength thereof and conveniency of situation for service.

In

The fort of Castle Parck, on the haven of Kinsale, was by the first plots laid out of such capacity that hardly 500 could have manned the walls. To have pulled down and levelled some parts thereof, and reduced the rest into a lesser form, had been with much cost to have made a weak and irregular piece of work, for which I thought good to raise a certain edifice in form of a square of stonework in the midst thereof, placing two castles at two opposite angles for flanking the whole work, whereof the one might serve for the magazine of victuals for all the forces of that province (if need were) and the other for the munition. The lodgings for the warders and officers being built on the sides of that square, with an open court in the midst, and for the better strengthing both of those lodgings and castles, I caused the same to be encompassed with a stone wall of 15 or 16 feet in height, well backed with earth on the inner side, and of good breadth for the advantage of the defendants, the angles and flanks thereof

1611.

astle of Limerick.

St Augustine's
Fort, near Galway.

so well rampiered that from thence with great shot they might scour the whole circumference of the fort. A ditch was also made of sufficient depth and width, and thereon a drawbridge. From this wall the soldiers have free ascent to the battlements of the castles, from whence also they may secure the whole precinct, neither shall they need more defenders than the warders enrolled for that place. The ruins in the ramparts of the old fort I procured to be made up, filled the empty bulwarks with earth, and levelled them for the use of ordnance, caused also the gate, gate-house, and drawbridge to be finished. This fort besides that it lies most aptly to command that harbour, for which purpose only there wants some lower platform, which the King's allowance at this time could not compass, is so spacious within the walls, and that space so well defended by the inner work, that whensoever there shall be cause great numbers may retire thither as to a safe and sure refuge.

At the King's Castle at Limerick, the foundation of the round towers were so undermined with the continual beating of the river against them, that in divers places a cart might have passed under them, the half towers at the gate, and the rest of the wall, being in like manner ruined, all which I caused substantially to be repaired, as also the munition house and other parts of the castle. And as that whole fabric, consisting in manner of a square, had only three towers at three corners thereof, and the corner lying towards the town altogether unfortified, having neither ditch or other outwork to hinder the approach of an enemy to the very fort of the wall, I thought fit to cast out a bulwark at that unfortified corner of hewed stone, equal in height to the former wall and capable of 5 or 6 pieces of ordnance, also to draw a ditch about the whole work, and cut off all access to the same except by a drawbridge, which I caused also to be framed, and I laid new planks upon the round towers, providing the like for the new bulwark, setting up divers roofs, where they were needful, and flooring certain rooms in the towers. There is yet wanting a convenient house for the constable and some lodgings for the warders, which it may please you to consider.

The fort at Galway being raised by the first plotters with earth and sods against the sides of a hill, grew shortly so subject to sliding, that how to remedy the same and support that huge mass of earth which they had cast up they knew no better expedient than by binding in the fort round about with a stone wall of between 10 and 12 feet, which, notwithstanding the earth above that wall shot out, and divers breaches successively happened. To meet this inconvenience and reduce that place to terms of true fortification, finding that the wall could bear no greater height, I caused another stone wall on a new foundation to be made, leaving 4 or 5 foot distance between that and the former for a passage between both the walls, and raised the same to some 18 foot of

1611.

Vol. 629, p. 148. 124.

Vol. 629, p. 150. 125.

height, that it might be equal with the plan of the rampier. On the lower wall I set a parapet of 5 foot high of stonework, and on the other a parapet of sods, which I judged fitter for that place; caused a ditch to be digged about the fort, vaulted passages through the rampier for sallies into the lower defences, erected a dwelling-house for the commander and officers, with lodgings for the soldiers, made up the drawbridge, gate, gatehouse, and guard house, and so divided the chancel and body of the church within the fort by partitions of stone, from the ground to the roof, thus leaving sufficient space for divine service, of which the rest may conveniently be employed for the store of munition and victuals. This fort has little command over the haven, being somewhat remote, for which, if on the island that lies between the mouth of the haven and the fort, there were a small blockhouse made (which, for the expense of 2 or 300l., might be effected), it would remove all doubt of safety and security of those parts, that fort being of such strength that I dare confidently assure you neither this kingdom nor many others affordeth any comparable unto it. Signed. Pp. 4.

A BRIEF NOTE of such Clerks, Gunners, and Artificers as by the Master of the Ordnance are thought fit to be continued in the King's service within the realm of Ireland, at the several entertainments following.

A clerk at Dublin, at per day, 3s. 4d.; the master gunner, 2s. 6d.; the master gunner's mate, 20d.; a gunner at Cork, 12d.; a gunner at Galway, 12d.; a gunner at Derry, 12d.; a gunner at Carriggfergus, 12d.; two gunners at Dublin at 12d: a piece, 28.; one gunner at Dublin, 9d.; one other at Dublin, 6d. ; two artificers at Dublin at 12d. a piece 28.; two other artificers at Dublin at 6d. a piece,-12d.; eight clerks, viz., at Waterford one, Lymericke, Carriggfergus, the Derry, Athlone, Galway, the Newry, Cork, 2s. 6d. a piece 20s. Sum total of entertainments aforesaid per day, 378. 9d.

Endorsed by Carew. P. 1.

A LIST of the Cost of Horse, Foot, and Wards, with other Officers, in October 1611.

Of the Lo. Deputy's horse troop, 25; Earl of Clanricard's, 25; Lo. Daver's, 25; Sir Henry Folliott's, 4; Captn. Kinsmelle's, 25;=104. Lo. Deputy's foot company. 50; Earl of Thomond, 50; Earl of Clanricard, 50; Lo. Danver, 50; Lo. of Houthe, 50; Treasurer, 50; Marshall, 50; Master of the Ordnance, 50; Sir Oliver Lambert, 50; Sir Henry Power, 50; Sir Richard Morrison, 50; Sir Henry Folliott, 50; Captain Newee, 50;=650.

Commissary of Victuals in Mounster, per day, 38. 4d.; Joice Everard "Ingioner" (engineer), 68. 8d.; Captain Culline and Capt. Lyons, two provost marshals, at 48. a piece ;=88.

1611.

Vol. 629, p. 217. 126.

Warders and Boatmen.-Of Laughlin, 10; Wexforde, 10; Shilelagh, 12; Sligo, 10; Boyle, 10; Old Courte, 9; Ballinecarga, 6; Masserine, 10; Downgevan, 15; Dunganon, 12; Dunogall, 3; Corlingford, 6; Green Castle, 10; Captain John Vaughan, 10;-Warders, 123; Boatmen, 10.

LIST of the Horse and Foot, as they stand disposed, the 11th of November 1611.

Horse-Lo. Deputy at Knockfargus, 25; Earl of Clanricarde, Connaght, 25; Lo. Davers, Mounster, 25; Marshal, Athie, 20; Sir Oliver Lambert, Kilbeggane, 25; Sir Garrott Moore, Atherdie, 25; Sir Henry Folliott, Ballashanan, 6; Captain John Kingsmell, Glanfyne, 25; in all, 176.

Foot:-Lo. Deputy, 100, whereof at Dublin, 50, and within the government of Knockfargus, 50;=100. Earl of Thomond, Lymricke, 50; Earl of Clanricarde, Athlone, 50; Lo. Davers, Corke, 50; Lo. of Howth, Derry, 50; Lo. Cromwell, Doune, 50; Sir Thomas Ridgeway, Monahan, 50; Marshal, Athie, 50; Sir Oliver St. John, Connaght, 50; Sir Henry Power, Marieborough, 50; Sir Francis Rush, Phillipstone; Sir Richard Mor.. rison, Waterford, 50; Sir Foulke Conway, within the government of Knockfergus, 50; Sir Henry Folliott, Ballyshanan 50; Sir Edward Blaneye, Monahan 50; Sir Toby Calfield, Charlemonte, 50; Sir Francis Roe, Mountjoy, 50; Sir Thomas Roper, Kerrye, 50; Sir Richard Hansard, Lyffer, 50; Sir Thomas Ratheram, Gallaway, 50; Sir Thomas Phillips, Colraine, 50; Captain John Vaughan, Derry, 50; Captain Arthur Bassett, Newry, 50; Sir Francis Cooke, Colraine, 50; Captain William Stewarte, Lyffer, 50; Captain Patrick Crafforde, Straban, 50; town of Knockefergus, 100; given by his Majesty towards the building of the walls of that town, 100. In all, 1450.

Pp. 3. Endd.

LORD CAREW'S Journey into Ireland, beginning the 21st of June and ending 5th November 1611.

June.--Friday, the 21st, your Lordship got forward from London for Ireland, and lay at St. Albans; 22nd, Stoney Stratford; 23rd, Deyntrye; 24th, Colthill; 25th, Litchfield; 26th, Stone; 27th, Vallreal; 28th, Chester; 29th, Denbye; the last of June at Conway.

1st July at Blewmorysh [Beaumorris]; 3rd to the 10th at Holyhead; 11th, Howth, in Ireland; 12th to 29th, Dublin; 30th, Droghadah; 31st July, Dondalke.

The 1st August, Newry; 2nd, Drommorevagh; 3rd, Strandmylet; 4th and 5th, Knockfargus; 6th, Masserine; 7th, Cloghmore Oganomagh; 8th and 9th, Donluse; 10th and 12th Coulerayne; 13th, Lemavadae; 14th and 16th, at Derrye; 17th and 19th, Lifforde; 20th, Glannfynne; 21st, Donegalle; 22nd and 23rd, Balashannen; 24th, Teremen Magraih; 25th,

1611.

September.

October.

November.

Vol. 619, p. 117. 127.
They should have

built before this

200, and now there are not 20.

Innishkillin; 26th, Clogher; 27th to 30th, Dongannen; 31st, Charlesmount.

1st, Ardmagh; 2nd, Belanadorgie; 3rd, Ardye; 4th, Meyllefonte; 5th, Ballroderye; 5th to 26th, Dublin; 27th, Mynnuth (Maynooth).

28th to 20th of October, Dublin; 21st, Howth; 22nd, Hollyhead; 23rd, Mr. Leweses; 24th, Blewmorish; 25th, Abberconway; 26th, Denbye; 27th, Chester; 28th, Bigton Castle; 29th, Stone; 30th, Lytchfeeld; 31st, Coventry.

1st at Deyntry; 2nd, Stoney Stratford; 3rd, Donstable; 4th, St. Albans; 5th, London.

Endd. Pp. 3.

The ARTICLES of COVENANT dated the 28th of January 1609, by which the Londoners were tied to build by November following 60 houses at the Derrie, 40 at Colerane, with fortification; the rest, viz., 140 at the Derry and 60 at Colerane, to be performed by November 1611, which was not performed accordingly.

At the Derry almost all to do at this day. Much defect is observed, even by the Irish themselves in their proceedings. No undertakers sent over by them to inhabit the country. Nor any of wealth for the towns, and all that is done is little worth without being peopled.

The natives still remaining, contrary to the proclamation and order of the State there, and encouraged thereto by their agent.

The danger of fortification to be considered without in habitants to keep it.

That order be taken for supply of inhabitants, and store houses for munition and arms.

Especial regard for Kulmore to be well manned and victualled. That bridges be made over the two rivers to Derrie and Colrane, for the speedy conveying of supply upon any occasion.

That the Londoners seeking manifestly their own private advantage neglect the common good and convert much timber to merchantable uses.

That there are particular ends sought after, as may appear amongst the chief of them in buying of parts.

That fortifications be hastened for the safety of the people at Derry, always provided people be sent thither to inhabit. What advantage is given to the doubtful natives to see these slender proceedings, and, being out of the servitor's command, fawning only a while upon their weak landlords, watching some offered occasion and advantage to cut their landlords' throats and make themselves masters.

The slender attendance upon the justices of assize in their circuits, there being none of the city tenants to do the service.