BY OPENING THE SOURCES OF OPINION AND
APPROPRIATING THE CHANNELS OF
WEALTH AND POWER.

BY

DAVID URQUHART.

4

"Votre veille Europe m'ennuit."-NAPOLEON.

SECOND EDITION.

LONDON:

TRÜBNER & CO., 12, PATERNOSTER ROW.

TUCKER, PRINTER, PERRY'S PLACE, OXFORD STREET.

CONTENTS

Preface to Second Edition

PAGE

vii

The Crossing of the Pruth and the Passing of the Dardanelles xii

Objects of the Work

liv

CHAP.

THE WEST.

PART I.-SPAIN.

I. How circumstanced for the Development of Opinion

II. Review of past History

III. Formation of Faction. Constitution of 1812

V. Position of France in 1822.-Invasion of Piedmont and

1

19

27

31

37

40

53

62

72

75

81

94

114

123

145

158

CHAP.

PART II. THE DANISH SUCCESSION.

I. The Rupture

II. Interposition of Prussia

III. The War

IV. Treaty of the 8th of May, 1852

V. The Diet of Copenhagen and the Danish Constitution

VI, The position of Austria in the North and in the South

as effected by the Treaty of the 8th of May

VII. The Baltic and the Euxine-The Sound Dues

THE SOUTH.

PART I. THE DANUBE AND EUXINE.

I. The Commerce of Europe and Asia

268

275

280

291

II. Russian Quarantine on the Danube, and the Coast of

Circassia

304

III. Treaty with Austria for the Free Navigation of the

Danube

345

IV. Apology for Russia

347

V. Canal of the Danube

350

VI. The Evacuation of the Principalities in 1851.

353

PART II. THE LEVANT AND THE RED SEA.

I. Commercial Resources and Legislation of Turkey

II. Negotiations with Turkey

III. Commercial Treaty with Turkey of 1848

IV. The Red Sea-Egypt

V. The Canal of Suez

PREFACE

TO THE SECOND EDITION.

Settlement with Russia.

August 9th.

"AN immediate rise of the public securities" is this morning proclaimed as the result of the welcome announcement of the acceptance by the Emperor of Russia of the proposal of the Powers, terminating a crisis which has so long held in suspense the political relations and commercial interests of the world. The British public and the British Government are reassured and delighted by this union of the great European States. It is no longer England, or England and France, interposing for the protection of Turkey. All principles, all interests are united, and whatever bears the name of a European, is opposed to the Czar. But in all this there is nothing new-it is an old and sickening story; what it is worth I shall presently show: in the meantime let me direct my reader's attention to an event both startling and new, which has this morning been equally announced to the inhabitants of these Isles.

Last night, in the House of Lords, it was asked,