5. Popes were checked for interfer-
ing in such cases
XI. Of appeals to the pope
1. Claims for this
Council of Florence, Gratian,
Pius II., Nicholas I., and Pe-
lagius II., cited
2. No examples of this in early anti-
quity
3. The ancient customs and canons
are against it
4. When the diocesan administra-
tion was introduced, the last re-
sort was to the synods and their
primates
Council of Chalcedon, canon
ninth, cited
Constantinople I., canon sixth,
cited
The African churches
5. The popes were opposed for re-
ceiving appeals