especially dedicated to her, namely, the central one under the high Altar, and the south transept which was fitted up for a chantry founded by the Black Prince in A.D. 1363, and endowed for the maintenance of two priests. The original Norman. vault of this transept has been replaced by a lierne vault and the walls clothed with masonry, so as to transform the whole into the style of the period at which the chantry was founded. This chapel is now appropriated to the use of a congregation of French refugees, who first came to Canterbury in the time of Edward VI. The crypt was granted to them by Queen Elizabeth. The chapel of the Virgin in the middle of the crypt is enclosed with screen-work, the date of which is lost. The vault of the crypt of the corona retains the initials J and M, so that on the whole it seems that the crypt was to the last dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

The Window of Anselm's Chapel.

In Anselm's chapel, the original window of the south wall has been taken out and replaced by a very large and elaborate Decorated window of five lights, which is remarkable for its well-preserved history; this is contained in the following document, printed by Battely, from the Archivess:-"Memo

the centre, thus being placed "retro magnum altare," like St. Blaise and St. Erkenwald; and some other relics appear at the sides, amongst which are the books sent by Pope Gregory to Augustine, and two arms, probably "brachia argentea," containing bones. Two short columns also stand on the battlemented crest, and help to support the "beam” above. In the midst of this is the "majestatem Domini," with an angel on each side, and two reliquary chests. This evidently resembles in many particulars the disposition of the high Altar

Summa viiil. xiiis. ivd. data fuit a quibusdam amicis ad dictam Fenestram. Reliqua pecunia ministrata fuit a Priore." Ex Archivis Eccles. Cant. (Battely, App. 1.)

randum, that in the year 1336, there was made a new window in Christ Church, Canterbury, that is to say, in the chapel of the Apostles, Sts. Peter and Paul, upon which there were expended the sums following:

Imprimis, for the workmanship only, or labour of the masons Item, for the taking down of the wall where the window was placed 0 16 for lime and gravel

21 17 9

9

1

0

0

The sum of £8. 13s. 4d. was given by certain friends for the said window, and the remainder of the money was furnished by the prior."

This prior was Henry de Estria, and the peculiar management of the heads of the lights, with their pendent bosses, may be compared with the similar bosses of his choir door (figs. 44, 45, above).

The interior of this tracery is in very good preservation, with the exception of the pendent bosses, and the stones whence they were suspended, which have totally disappeared. The outside of the window is, however, in a very bad condition for the purpose of the antiquarian; for, apparently on account of the decayed state of its surface, the tracery has undergone the process of splitting, namely, the whole of the outer part has been pared down to the glass, and fresh worked in Portland stone; Portland stone mullions, or monials as they are more properly called, have also been supplied. And as this repair was executed at a period when this class of architecture was ill understood, the moldings were very badly wrought, which, in conjunction with the unfortunate colour and surface of the Portland stone, has given the window a most ungenuine air. However, the interior is as good as ever it was, and it is on account of its date, as well as for its beauty, a most valuable example.

There are some peculiarities in the manner of distributing

the moldings of this window which are shewn in the figures. The heads of the lights are worked with different moldings from those of the tracery above, and the increased size and importance of the two central monials are given, not by an additional layer or order of moldings, as usual, but by separating the other moldings.

CHAPTER VII.

HISTORY OF THE NAVE, TOWER, AND WESTERN TRANSEPTS, FROM THE END OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY.

THE Conclusion of Gervase's history leaves the original nave and transepts of Lanfranc untouched, and thus they appear to have remained until the end of the fourteenth century, when they were taken down and replaced as we now see them. The history of this change, and of the subsequent works, must be gathered from various detached documents, for we have no longer a continuous narrative to depend upon like that of Gervase; I shall therefore proceed to extract from these documents as much as is necessary for the history of the building, adding also a concise description of the parts of the building in question.

1. The Nave.

In December of the year 1378, Archbishop Sudbury issued a mandate addressed to all ecclesiastical persons in his diocese enjoining them to solicit subscriptions for rebuilding the nave of the church, and granting forty days' indulgence to all contributors. The preamble states that the nave, on account of its notorious and evident state of ruin, must necessarily be totally rebuilt, that the work was already begun, and that funds were wanting to complete ith. In the year

h "Sane cum navis dictæ ecclesiæ nostræ Cant. metropoliticæ, propter ipsius notoriam et evidentem ruinam, de novo oporteat totaliter construi, et etiam reparari; sitque jam notorie ipsa navis in construendo, ad cujus operis

consummationem ipsius ecclesiæ sine Christi fidelium subventione et auxilio propriæ non suppetunt facultates," &c. (Ex Reg. Sudbury, fol. 52. a, Wilkins' Concilia, t. iii. p. 136.)

1397, Archbishop Arundell appropriated to the convent the parsonages of Godmersham and Westwell, in Kent, at their petition. The preface to the instrument of appropriation (dated in the above year) expressly states the reasons for this grant to be that "Simon of Sudbury, formerly archbishop of Canterbury, and our predecessor, had caused the nave of our church to be taken down to the foundation and demolished at his own expense, for the purpose of re-erecting the same, as he intended, and fervently desired, to do, but was prevented by his violent death (on June 15, 1381); and that the prior and convent had laudably expended upwards of five thousand marks out of their common property, upon the construction of the said nave and other necessary works about the church. Also, that six thousand marks would be too little to finish the work as begun, and others that must be done about the prostrate cloister and the chapter-house, which is thought to be in a dangerous state;" and he also states as a reason for thus augmenting their funds, his wish that so laudable and necessary a work should be carried on, lest its final completion might be retarded "by the loss of the present prior," or by other adverse circumstances.

A.D. 1381-96.

A.D. 1396

1413.

i 66

k

In the Obituary it is recorded that Archbishop Courtney gave more than a thousand marks to the fabric of the nave of the church, the cloister, &c.; and that Archbishop Arundell1 gave five sweet sounding

cum bonæ memoriæ Dominus Simon de Sudburia quondam Arch. Cant. prædecessor noster navem præfatæ nostræ ecclesiæ prosterni fecerat funditus, et suis sumptibus demoliri, causa ipsam erigendi de novo prout proposuit et ferventer optavit, si non per Dei emulos fuisset inaudita per prius populi furoris audacia decollatus. Vosque Prior et Capitulum circa constructionem navis prædictæ, et alia necessaria opera ejusdem ecclesiæ nostræ de communibus bonis vestris ultra quinque millia marcarum laudabiliter expenderitis quodque incepta opera et alia inibi de necessitate fienda prostrati claustri vestri et capitularis Domus ..vestræ pensata imminente ruina cum

....

sex millibus marcarum perfici nequeant et reparari decenter, attenta hospitalitate Dominorum et aliorum diversorum Regnorum apud vos indies confluentium quam declinare non poteritis cum honore," &c. Somner, p. 89, and App. p. 24.

k W. Courtney, Archbishop. “Ad fabricam navis Ecclesiæ, claustri et murorum clausuram circa gardinum Celerarii mille marcas et ultra suâ gratiâ contulit." Obit. Ang. Sac., p. 61. 1 T. Arundell, Archbishop. tulit huic Ecclesiæ. . . . quinque campanas in sonitu dulcissimas Arundell ryng vulgariter nuncupatas. Con

Con

tulit etiam ad fabricam navis Ecclesiæ mille marcas." Obit. Ang. Sac., p. 62.