Bills of Lading and Bankers' Documentary Credits

accept action agent appear apply Article authority Bankers beneficiary bill of lading buyer called cargo carriage carrier certificate Chapter claim clause clear common confirming bank considered contained course Court covered damages decision defendants delivery document of title documentary credit drafts effect electronic entitled example express fact follows freight further give held holder indicates irrevocable issuing bank letter of credit liability Lloyd's Rep loading Lord means ment named negotiable obligation obtain opened operate original otherwise paid particular parties pass payment performance person plaintiffs position possible practice presented principle problem publication purchaser reason receipt received reference reimbursement rejected respect revision risk rules sale contract seller shipment shipped shipper similar stipulated tender tort trade transaction transfer transport document trust undertaking unless usually vessel waybill