Eph. ii. 1. And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. v. 14. Awake, thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ will give thee light.

1 Tim. v. 6. But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth.

1 John iii. 14. We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. He that loveth not his brother, abideth in death.

Rev. iii. 1. I know thy works, that thou hast a name, that thou livest, and art dead.*

18th Q.-What were the consequences of this spiritual death to our first parents?

A.-They lost the righteousness and purity, the love, joy, and peace in the Holy Spirit, which were the fruits of the divine image in which they were created, and were brought under the dominion of the evil inclinations which have ever since abounded in the world, and, having yielded themselves to the power of sin, they became liable to temporal death and eternal misery.

See the Proofs to the 20th Answer.

19th Q.-Has the earth suffered any change in consequence of the fall of man?

A.-The ground was cursed in consequence of it, so that it produces thorns and thistles,

Though most of these texts may not appear to apply personally to Adam, they prove that the death that is the consequence of sin, which Adam's was, is a death of a deeper import than merely that of the body.

and man was turned out of the garden of Eden, and is doomed to till the ground, and with sorrow to eat of the fruit of it to the day of his death, when his body is to return to the dust whence it was taken.

Gen. iii. 17. And unto Adam he [God] said, Because thou hast eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee, saying, thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life. 18. Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. 19. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground, for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. 23. Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken.

20th Q.-Are all mankind involved in the effects of Adam's disobedience?

A. Yes, for as Adam had effaced the divine image in himself, and become wholly degenerate, so his children can have no good thing as belonging to their nature, which he from whom they derive their common nature, had not to communicate.*

*It may be proper to observe, that we do not hereby impute any guilt to infants; because as the Scripture says, Rom. iv. 15. "Where no law is, there is no transgression." Also, Rom. v. 13. "But sin is not imputed, when there is no law." Nevertheless, as "a seed of sin is transmitted to all men from Adam, called death in the Scriptures, and the body of death, seeing it is indeed a death to the life of righteousness and holiness; they [Infants] have need of Christ, as a Saviour, who died for them, to deliver them from this." Barclay's Apology, 8th edit. Prop. iv. §. 4. p. 104. § 5. p. 107 and 108. Barclay's Works, fol. edit. p. 771.

Gen. vi. 5. And God saw that every imagination of the thoughts of his [man's] heart was only evil continually.

Jer. xvii. 9. The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked; who can know it?

Rom. viii. 7. The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can it be. 8. So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God.

1 Cor. ii. 14. The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him: neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned.

Matt. xv. 19. Out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies.

1 John ii. 15. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 16. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world.

Gen. v. 3. And Adam begat a son in his own likeness, after his image.

Job xiv. 1. Man that is born of a woman is of few days, and full of trouble. 2. He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not. 4. Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? not one.

Psal. li. 5. Behold I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.

John iii. 6. That which is born of the flesh is flesh. Gal. v. 19. Now the works of the flesh are manifest; which are these; adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness. 20. Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.

Eph. ii. 2. Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience. 3. Amongst whom also we all had our conversation in times past, in the lusts of the flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh, and of the mind, and were by nature the children of wrath even as others.

1 Cor. xv. 22. In Adam all die.

Rom. v. 12. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed on all men, for that all have sinned. 18. By the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation. 19. By one man's disobedience many were made sin

ners.

11.

Rom. iii. 9. We have before proved both Jew and Gentiles, that they are all under sin; 10. As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one : There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. 12. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 16. Destruction and misery are in their ways: 17. And the way of peace have they not known.

God before their eyes.

Gen. viii. 21. from his youth.

1 John v. 19. Gal. iii. 22.

18. There is no fear of

The imagination of man's heart is evil

The whole world lieth in wickedness. The Scripture hath concluded all under

sin.

SECT. V.

21st Q.-Are mankind left to perish in this state of alienation?

A.-No, God had compassion on fallen man, and in unmerited mercy provided a

Saviour to restore to man the image of God which Adam, by disobedience, had lost.

See the Proofs to the next Answer.

22d Q.-Who is this Saviour?

A.-Jesus Christ, the Word and Son of God; who is also called the seed of the woman, which was to bruise the head of the serpent or devil that had beguiled Eve.

John iii. 16. God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him, should not perish, but have everlasting life. See also 1 John iv. 9, 10.

Rom. v. 8. But God commendeth his love towards us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. Eph. ii. 4. But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us, 5. Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by Grace ye are saved.)

Mark i. 1. The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ the Son of God.

John iv. 42, of the world.

Luke ii. 11.

This is indeed the Christ the Saviour

Unto you is born this day, a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.

Gen. iii. 15. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.

Acts xiii. 23. Of this man's [David's] seed hath God according to his promise, raised unto Israel a Saviour Jesus.

23d Q.-Why is Christ called the seed of the woman?

- C