is the object of the former love, and the relative that is the agent of the latter love; but in reality, them is the agent of the latter love, and the object of the former love." It shall be given to them for whom it is prepared." Them is the object of the preposition to, and whom is the object of the preposition for; but in reality, though not in grammar, them is the object of both the prepositions.-Thus, when the same object is in reality the object of two prepositions, the relative becomes the object of one of them.

Nouns are the antecedents of representatives; but relatives are the artificial representatives of both nouns and representatives. In a word, relatives are either agents, possessors, or objects, for what, for the time being, are either agents, possessors, or objects for themselves.

In a grammatical sense, the relatives perform the primary businesses of their antecedents. As in the first example, He was agent of "dasheth" prior to being agent of "is come." In the second example, they possessed "iniquities" prior to being agents of "are blessed." In the third example, them was agent of "honour" prior to being object of "will honour." was agent of "love" prior to being object of "love;" and in the fourth example, them was the object of the preposition for, prior to being the object of the preposition to.

Them

In a grammatical sense, representatives perform the businesses of their antecedents; consequently, their antecedents are regarded as doing nothing for the time being. But relatives perform the primary businesses of their antecedents during the time their antecedents perform secondary businesses for themselves. By these means relatives show what relate to their antecedents; and therefore they are very properly, by the old grammarians, termed relatives. WHO-who

is a relative agent for persons and their representa tives. WHOM-whom is a relative object for persons and their representatives. WHICH-which is a relative agent and object for things and their representatives. THATthat is a relative agent and object for both persons and things, and their representatives. The relative is of the same number as its antecedent is; and a verb being

attached to it must have the same form as it would have were it attached to its antecedent.

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Whose is the relative possessor for both persons and things, and their representatives. Ex.: The wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt." Sea (a thing) is the antecedent of whose.

Answers to questions asked by relatives contain the antecedents of those relatives. And the relatives and their antecedents are alike agents, possessors, or objects; because they are, alternately, agents of the same verbs, possessors of the same things, or objects of the same verb, participle, or preposition. Or, in other words, the agent of the question first takes the verb, and then the agent of the answer takes it; the possessor of the question first possesses the thing, and then the possessor of the answer possesses it; the object of the question is first the object of the active verb, participle, or preposi tion, and then the object of the answer is the object of it. Then agents should reply to who; and objects should reply to whom. Ex: Who comes? She-not her, because her is an object. Who comes? He-not him, because him is an object. Who comes? Thounot thee, because thee is an object. Who come? Wenot us, because us is an object. Who come? They— not them, because them is an object. Who comes? He, or, he comes. Who comes? Thou, or thou comest. Who come? We, or we come. Who come? They, or, they come. Whon do you see? Thee, or, we see thee. Whom do you see? Her, or, we see her. Whom do you see? Him, or we see him. Whom do we see? Them, or, we see them. Whom do

they see? Us, or, they see us. With whom do you live? John Smith, or, we live with John Smith. Whose is it? John's, or, it is John's. Whose is it? Mine, or, it is mine. Whose is it? Thine, or, it is thine. Whose is it? Her's, or, it is her's. Whose is it? Our's, or, it

is our's. Whose is it? Your's, or, it is your's. Whose is it? Their's, or, it is their's.

ADVERBS.-Words showing the various ways in which agents operate-in which agents may, can, would, should, or must operate-are adverbs. Ex.: John writes quickly; James speaks correctly; Jonas lives honestly; Joseph spends money foolishly; but Job reasons systematically, coolly, and philosophically. Quickly shows the way in which John writes; correctly shows the way in which James speaks; honestly shows the way in which Jonas lives; foolishly shows the way in which Joseph spends; and systematically, coolly, and philosophically, show the way in which Job reasons, Then quickly, correctly, honestly, foolishly, systematically, coolly, and philosophically, are adverbs.

The characters of agents are adjectives; but the manners of agents are adverbs. Except in a few instances the manners of agents end with ly, and are formed by adding ly to the character of the agent. Ex.: John writes quickly; then, John is a quick writer. Quick is the character of the writer; quickly is the character of writes. James speaks correctly; then, James is a correct speaker. Correctly is the character of speaks; correct is the character of the speaker. Job reasons coolly, systematically, and philosophically; then, Job is a systematical, cool, and philosophical reasoner. Systematical, cool, and philosophical, are characters of the reasoner; but systematically, coolly, and philosophically, are the characters of reasons.

As agents are included in participles, so adverbs show ing the manners of those agents attend participles; but participles will be explained by and by. As the characters of nouns admit increase or diminution, so the characters of verbs, or the manners of agents, admit increase or diminution.

Adverbs compared, are compared by more and most, less and least, except well, and a few others. Better is the comparative of well, and best is the superlative of well. Ex.: "He that giveth her in marriage doeth well, but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better." Positive, well; comparative, better; superlative, best. The following forms, ending without ly, are adjectives; end

ing with ly, are adverbs:-Fit, fitter, fittest; fitly, more fitly, most fitly. Honourable, more honourable, most honourable; honourably, more honourably, most honourably. Quick, quicker, quickest; quickly, more quickly, most quickly. Fit, less fit, least fit; Fitly, less fitly, least fitly. Honourable, less honourable, least honourable; honourably, less honourably, least honourably. Quick, less quick, least quick; quickly, less quickly, least quickly. Advantageous, more advantageous, most advantageous; advantageously, more advantageously, most advantageously; advantageous, less advantageous, least advantageous; advantageously, less advantageously, least advantageously. Ignominious, more ignominious most ignominious; ignominiously, more ignominiously most ignominiously. Ignominious, less ignominious, least ignominious; ignominiously, less ignominiously, least ignominiously. Slow, slower, slowest; slowly, less slowly, least slowly; slowly, more slowly, most slowly. Reproachful, more reproachful, most reproachful; reproachfully, more reproachfully, most reproachfully; reproachful, less reproachful, least reproachful; reproachfully, less reproachfully, least reproachfully. Outrageous, more outrageous, most outrageous; outrageously, more outrageously, most outrageously; outrageous, less outrageous, least outrageous; outrageously, less outrageously, least outrageously. Bright, brighter, brightest; bright, less bright, least bright; brightly, more brightly, most brightly; brightly, less brightly, least brightly. Wicked, more wicked, most wicked; wicked, less wicked, least wicked; wickedly, less wickedly, least wickedly; wickedly, more wickedly, most wickedly.

As, before the superlative degree of an adjective can be used, at least three characters of three nouns must be compared with each other; so, before the superlative degree of an adverb can be used, at least three characters of three verbs, or three manners of three agents, must be compared with each other. "Because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled, his brother by violence." Cruetly is the character of " oppressed," expressed, and cruelly is the character of " spoiled," understood.

When the same character or adverb appertains to two

or more operations, it is expressed with the first, and understood to the rest.

In no case can an adjective do the work of an adverb; neither can an adverb do the work of an adjective.

Adverbs showing the manners of agents, and ending with ly, are construable into the preposition in, the indefinite article, the adjectives taken from them, and the noun manner. Ex.: A man walks quickly; or, a man walks in a quick manner. A horse trots slowly; or, a horse trots in a slow manner. A fire burns brightly; or, a fire burns in a bright manner. A girl sings sweetly; or, a girl sings in a sweet manner.-Sweet, bright, slow, and quick, are adjectives taken from the adverbs sweetly, slowly, quickly, and brightly.

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The quantity of times an agent is the agent of the same verb, is shown by an adverb Ex.: " And he said, Oh let not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once." Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice."-Once, twice, and thrice, are adverbs. The order in which agents operate-may, can, would. should, or must operate-negatively, or positively, is shown by adverbs. Ex.: First or firstly, "thou shalt have no other Gods before me." Secondly, "thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments." Fourthly, "Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor any stranger that is within thy gates: for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it." Fifthly, "Honour thy Father and thy Mother;

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