mony, and put it on the neck: the came to Cochin. He brought a greatSouth Party use a chalavim, or some- quantity of books with him. Not having thing almost like a cross. The North a Bishop, we applied to him for OrdiParty, when they join hands in mar- nation; and said that if his belief was riage, cover the head and face of the the same as ours, we would acknowBride with a cloth; but the South ledge him as our Bishop. The PortuParty uncover them. The North Party guese understanding this, made the have the chief barber to shave the Rajah of Cochin their friend; and, Bridegroom, the night before the mar- having sent for the Bishop, they threatriage, he having never till then been ened to persecute him and put him in shaved; while the South Party employ prison. In consequence of this, he was an under-barber. The North Party greatly afraid, and embraced the Roman have the chief washerman to wash Tenets. He immediately embarked their clothes, at marriages and feasts; from Cochin; and went to Rome, to the South Party, an under-washerman. acknowledge the Supremacy of the Among the North Parry, when they Pope. Ile afterward returned to Malagive food to a young child, which is bar, with Decrees from the Pope. done by the Priest, the child sits on the Having heard this, and also what was Father's lap: among the South Party, his belief, we refused to acknowledge the child sits on the Mother's lap. The him. Gevergese, the Archdeacon, was merchandise of the North Party con- at that time the head of our Church in sists chiefly in gold, silver, and silk; that Malabar. of the South Party, in other articles. In this way were the rules of distinction settled by the Nazarites, the children of God who dwelt in the above village.

After this, having made inquiry after the descendants of the Two Priests ordained by St. Thomas the Apostle to watch over all the Christians in Malabar, Jerusalem Thomas, with the Bishops and Teachers, appointed one of them to the office of Archdeacon; and others, chief persons, to look after the concerns of all the Christians in Malabar, and to punish and protect them according to Justice. From that time, Bishops came regularly from Antioch to Malabar; but the Archdeacon and chief persons were appointed from the Christians in Malabar."

In 1598, Alexis, a Portuguese Bishop, arrived. He bribed the Rajah of Cochin, with 30,000 pieces of money, to assist in compelling the Archdeacon and Christians to embrace the Roman Tenets. The power of the Archdeacon was diminished, for the space of one year.

In 1599, the Portuguese and the Cochin Rajah assembled all the Christians in Malabar, at Uttriamporoor. They brought an axe to split the doors of the Church in that place; and, having entered the Church, they held a Synod, when it was decreed that all the Syrians should lay aside their own Religion, and embrace the Roman Catholic Religion. The Archdeacon and Christians, however, not being willing to comply, were severely persecuted, and their Churches much spoiled. Knowing that there was no one besides the Archdeacon to look after our affairs, to punish crimes and protect us, At that time, the Jews and Arabs, the Bishop offered to give a certain sum in this country, were at war. We and of money annually, if he would embrace the Jews were allies. The Arabs com- the Roman Tenets; and they, at length, menced the war-destroyed a city compelled us to embrace them. The slew the two Rajahs Vilyanvattale, and burnt their bodies.

In A.D. 825, a merchant, named Sabareso, and two Syrian Bishops, Mar Chaboor and Mar Apprott, came to Malabar, and dwelt at Quilon.

Until 1545 we walked according to the law of the Syrians. On the arrival of the Portuguese in Cochin, the coming of the Fathers was prohibited. In the above year Mar Abraham, Nestorian Bishop, by the direction of St Alea,

Priests were also compelled, unwil lingly, to abstain from marriage.

In 1653, Mar Ignatius, a Patriarch, came from Antioch, and landed at Mailapore. Two Students, having gone thither from Malabar to worship, saw the Patriarch, and told him all that the Portuguese had done. He was exceed

ingly sorry at what he heard, and both will not again acknowledge Portuguese he and the two Students wept. The Bishops." They all wrote an agreePortuguese of Mailapore, seeing what ment, and took an oath to this effect. had taken place between the Patriarch On Friday, the 3d of Jan. 1654, and Students, and knowing that we had having departed from thence, they all no Bishop and that the Portuguese had assembled in Alengate Church; and, the government of our Church, lest according to the request of our Father, the Students should communicate Mar Ignatius, Archdeacon Thomas was more fully to our Father, the Patriarch appointed Bishop, and called Mar from Antioch, locked them up in a Thomas. Some others were appointed room, and placed a guard at the door, to assist him, viz. Cadavil Alexanthat no one might be suffered to speak drius, Catanar of Cadamatta; Abraham to them. The Patriarch, knowing all Thomas, Catanar of Calloncherry; that the Portuguese had done, sent a Vengoor George, Catanar of Angaperson, and called the Students pri- malee; and Pallavetie Alexandrius, vately. He then gave them Letters Catanar of Korawalingate. These four Patent to Archdeacon Thomas, to Catanars were in office for three years; authorize him to assume the title of and, afterward, four others were chosen Metran; and sent them to Malabar. in their stead. They immediately departed; and, on their arrival in Malabar, gave the Letter to Archdeacon Thomas.

Cadamatta large Church, went to Wada-Kum Kuttee Rajah, and promised to give him a large sum of money, if he would interfere in the behalf of the above Bishop. The Rajah sent some persons to the Cochin Fort, and prevailed on the Company to suffer the Roman Bishop to land. The Roman Bishop went to reside in Cadamatta large Church, but we did not acknowledge him.

In 1660, by command of the Pope, Joseph, a Carmelite Bishop, came to Malabar; but the Dutch Company The Archdeacon addressed Letters would not permit him to land. Conto all the Syrian Churches; and, when trary, however, to the oath taken in he had assembled all the Priests, Muttoncherry Church, Cadavil AlexanStudents, and Christians, they heard drius Catanar, and the Syrians of that the Portuguese had brought Mar Ignatius, the Patriarch, to Cochin. They all immediately arose, and went to the Cochin Kajah, declared to him their grievances, and entreated him to deliver their Patriarch out of the hands of the Portuguese. The Rajah replied that he would certainly deliver him to them, the following morning. He immediately sent for the Portuguese Governor of Cochin Fort; and said to him, "You have taken and confined the Patriarch of our Christians; and nothing will satisfy me, but your delivering him up to them, without any delay." The Portuguese, however, gave the Rajah a great sum of money, by the consideration of which he allowed them to retain their prisoner. The same night, they tied a great stone to the Patriarch's neck, and threw him into the sea. In the hour that this was done, the Rajah died.

The Portuguese then inquired after the relations of Mar Thomas; and, having privately called one of them, Panankary Alexandrius, Catanar, they offered to give him money if he would join them. He complied with their request. In 1663, Bishop Joseph consecrated this Alexandrius to the office of Bishop; and, by favours and bribes, endeavoured to persuade all Mar Thomas's relations to acknowledge Alexandrius as their Bishop, telling them that he was properly ordained, but Mar Thomas was not, and was also of their

After this, all the Syrians assembled in the Church at Muttoncherry, and thus resolved-" These Portuguese family. having murdered Mar Ignatius, we will At that time two parties were formed: no longer join them. We renounce one acknowledged the Bishop Alexanthem, and do not want either their love drius, and are called Old Christians or their favour. The Present Francis, (Roman Catholics); and the other, Bishop, shall not be our Governor. We who separated from the Portuguese, are not his children or followers. We are called New Christians (Syrians).

Bishop Alexandrius, however, did not live long. After his death, all who acknowledged him, joined the Portuguese; because the Portuguese shewed them many favours, and persecuted the Syrians.

After these things, came another Carmelite Bishop, sent by the Pope, who had a long beard. On his arrival, he said that he was not of the Roman Catholics, and wished to join himself to us. He used much flattering language, and offered bribes, and endeavoured to deceive us. This Bishop was afterwards called the Bishop of Verapoly. He governed the followers of Bishop Alexandrius; and, from that time, the Pope has regularly sent Bishops to Verapoly.

After the death of Mar Thomas the Great, our Bishops have been regularly appointed from his descendents.

In 1665, by the direction of St. Ignatius of Antioch, Mar Gregorius, the Fifth Patriarch of Jerusalem, arrived in Malabar. By the laying on of his hands, Mar Thomas, the Great, was lawfully consecrated; having been only nominated before, and not consecrated. At that time, we used unleavened bread in the Sacrament; which was not, for some time, laid aside.

In 1708, by the direction of Mar Alea, Gabriel, a Nestorian Bishop, arrived. He taught the people that the Messiah has two natures and two substances, on which account much dispute arose. Some Syrians and also Roman Catholics joined him. He used both leavened and unleavened bread in the Sacrament, and kept the Syrian Fasts. After he died, no such Bishop came into Malabar. Those who joined him returned to their former parties after his death.

In 1751, Mar Basilius, Patriarch of the city of Bercea in the country of Aleppo, Mar Gregorius, Metropolitan of Jerusalem, and Mar Evanius, Bishop, and with them some Catanars and Students, arrived. For the space of nineteen years after their arrival, there were disputes about different things, between them and the Syrians. Letters Patent were sent by Mar Ignatius of Antioch, for Mar Thomas, who was consecrated Metropolitan, by one of the above Bishops, and called Mar Dionysius. From Antioch were also sent, for Mar Dionysius, a staff, hood, a cross, unction, and all things necessary for the office of High Priest.

All the Bishops sent to Malabar by the direction of the Patriarch of Antioch, regularly appointed Bishops In 1678, Mar Basilius, Patriarch, from the family of Pagalamattum. and Mar Evanius, Bishop, arrived. From the time Mar Ignatius arrived at Mar Basilius died in thirteen days after Mailapore to the present, Bishops have his arrival; and was buried in Cothu- not been appointed from any other mungalum Church. Mar Evanius after- family. From the time that Bishop ward governed our Church. He con- Joseph came, in A. D. 345, Archdeacons secrated a Bishop, re-established our began to be appointed, and continued former Church Services, and taught to be appointed until Mar Ignatius that Christ has one nature and that the arrived in 1653. At that time, ArchHoly Ghost is equal with the Father deacon Thomas was appointed Bishop, and the Son. Thus he laid aside some and the office of Bishop has been conof the Roman Tenets, and caused us to fined to his descendents to the present walk according to the Church of time. Five Bishops have been apAntioch. He died at Molandmatta, pointed from that family. and was buried in the Church of that place.

A. D. 1770. Mar Dionysius is now our Metropolitan.

APPENDIX XVIII.

(See page 170.)

Extracts of Communications from the Rev. Benjamin Bailey and the Rev. Thomas Norton, respecting the Syrian Christians.

Rev. Benjamin Bailey to the Secretary.

Cotym, Nov. 10, 1818. THE Chapel at the College being so far finished as to allow of Divine Service being performed, it was opened on Sunday, the 20th of September.

ble me faithfully to preach Christ, and Him crucified, to this fallen but interesting people.

We are greatly rejoiced to hear that the blessed truths of God's Word are making their way in our native land. We long, and earnestly pray to God, that the time The Metropolitan performed Service may soon come, when we shall be able in the morning, according to the Syriac to write to you the pleasing intelligence Ritual. that the same is taking place in TraHaving translated the Morning and vancore. We are, indeed, much enEvening Services of our own Liturgy couraged, by learning that the eyes of into Malayalim, I ventured to perform so many Christians are directed toward Service in the same, for the first time, Travancore; and we doubt not but that in the afternoon. Abraham, a Catanar, many prayers are offered up at the who is the Chief Tutor in the College, Throne of Grace for us. May He gramakes the responses, and highly values ciously condescend to hear and answer his office. The Metropolitan, Catanars, them; and bless all our endeavours to and Students in the College were all promote His glory, with abundant sucpresent, with a number of Syrians. A cess!

greater solemnity pervaded the Congre- The translation of the Scriptures into gation than is generally to be observed Malayalim is now finished; but the rein the Syrian Churches; and they all vision of the Translation will still be a appeared much interested-a circum- work of time. The Press to print this stance which may easily be accounted Translation we hope to have at the for. The Form of Worship used among College in a short time. The types are, the Syrians is all in Syriac-a language I believe, now in a state of preparation totally unknown to the Laity; and it at Serampore; and will be sent to us was also, very probably, the first time as soon as they are finished. that they ever heard Divine Service performed in their own tongue.

Rev. Thomas Norton to the Secretary.

Allepie, Nov. 21, 1818.

After Service, the Metropolitan observed to me that the prayers were very good, and requested me to procure copies, that they might be sent to all For several weeks past, we have had the Syrian Churches. I have had Di- Public Worship, twice on the Lord's vine Service every Sunday since; and Day, in the vernacular tongue; at seven have also had Family Worship, every in the morning, and half past four in evening, in Malayalim, for the last four the afternoon. Last Sunday Evening, I delivered my first Discourse in Ma

months.

I feel thankful to the Lord for ena- layalim, from John i. 29. The people bling me to proceed so far in the ac- were very attentive; and expressed quirement of the native language; and great pleasure at having such things to Him I look for further grace, to ena- stated to them in their own language.

Beside these Services, we have English English Worship: so that now our SabWorship, at eleven in the forenoon. and I baths appear Sabbaths indeed; Were you present at the Malayalim feel my work, in consequence, a pleaWorship, to witness the Syrians and sure, though I am generally much faChildren joining most readily in the tigued. responses, your hearts would be warmed As soon as I have a sufficient number with gratitude to God for thus assisting of Sermons prepared, I intend to visit At first it was wearisome; as I had the Syrian Churches; that their walls to take my own part, and then theirs; may echo with the name of Jesus and teaching them how they were to follow His Salvation. Pray, Dear Sir, that the and answer: but we soon got over the minds of the people may be enlightdifficulty, and now go on as regularly ened, and their hearts changed; that as an English Congregation. The they may become Christians indeed. children are also very ready in the

us.

APPENDIX XIX.

(See Page 171.)

Extract of a Report of the Rev. Joseph Fenn to the Madras Corresponding Committee, respecting the Syrian Christians.

SINCE entering Travancore, I have to what I have personally witnessed, met with every kindness and assistance have opened to me such a view of the from the Resident. It is impossible character and dispositions of the people, for any one to be more anxious for the as, under other circumstances, I could promotion of Christianity, more alive to not have reasonably expected, but by a its real interests, or to adopt more ju- long residence and close observation; dicious measures for its furtherance, but which, I trust, will not fail of provthan Colonel Munro; and, as it regards ing useful, in furthering the objects of my own personal advantage, or the the Mission. prosperity of the Mission to which I am The regulations, adopted by the Reattached, I cannot but account it a most sident for the melioration of the conkind Providence that detained him in dition of the inhabitants of Travancore, Travancore so long. He has favoured are, so far as I can judge, so accordant me with statements of the system with the spirit of the Christian Religion, adopted by the Travancore Government as to have prepared the way, in no small prior to the appointment of Colonel measure, for the general diffusion of Macaulay as Resident, of the nature of Christianity. It appears to me, that the arrangements which that Gentle- the effect of the regulations referred to, man attempted to make, of the opposi- is to render every inhabitant, however tion too often successfully made to those low may be the station which he occuarrangements, and of the alterations pies, secure in the possession of certain which have with much difficulty been rights, with which he is made aceffected during his own Residency, quainted. But very few, indeed, are which I could have derived from no they, who are not included in these proother quarter. These statements, con- visions. The consequence is, a certain nected with accounts with which he has independance enjoyed and felt by every furnished me, tending to shew the pre- man; and the gradual subversion of sent feeling of the inhabitants, added the tyranny exercised heretofore by the