or a crag of Marpessa (a mountain of Paros). -473. Nemus; the silva of v. 443. Illi. See on mihi, v. 343. —474. "He answers all her cares and equals all her love." Dryden. Curis; dative. Gossrau makes it abl. 475. Cf. V. 700, 869. —477. Datum; i. e. fato concessum (Wr.). Con. makes it = dictum a Sibylla. Molitur. See on G. L. 329.478. Secreta; set apart for them. 479, 480. He sees the heroes of the Theban war, the great event of the heroic ages before the siege of Troy.-481-485. Ad superos apud superos, v. 568. Con. thinks it means that the wail was raised to the skies (cf. v. 561). Caduci. See on Hor. C. II. 13. 11. Longo ordine, as in II. 766, is nearly = ingenti multitudine. The heroes named are mentioned by Homer as among the most distinguished of the Trojans. Cereri sacrum; consecrated to the service of Ceres, perhaps her priest. Idaeus; in Hom. the charioteer of Priam. Here he is armor-bearer also. Cf. II. 476.-488. Conferre gradum = to walk by his side. - 491–493. Trepidare; historical infin., so called. So vertere, tollere. Vocem; the war-cry, not a cry of terror. -495-497. Cf. II. 310. Ora, etc. Gr. 380. A. & S. 234. II. — 498. Adeo. See on E. IV. 11. -499. Cf. IV. 304. — 500. Genus. Cf. V. 45. — 502, 503. Cui — licuit = who has had his will of you so far? Suprema nocte; sc. Trojae. So in v. 513. - 505. Cf. III. 108, 304506. CL. III. 68.507. Locum; i. e. the memory of the place. Cf. vv. 235, 381. Te; thy body. Cf. v. 362.-508. Patria terra; with ponere, not with decedens. 388. 4. A. & S. 225. II. — 511. Lacaenae -- - 509. Tibi. Gr. the Spartan woman; = contemptuously for Helen. See on I. 650, and cf. II. 601.- 512. Mersere. Cf. vv. 429, 615. 515, 516. See on II. 237, 238.516. Peditem. See on I. 564. 517. Evantes orgia celebrating the rites of Bacchus by shouting Evan; i. e. the name of Bacchus. A Grecism. 519. Summa — vocabat. From this we learn that Helen from the top of the citadel gave the signal to Agamemnon for the fleet to start. Cf. II. 254 foll. -—523. Egregia; ironical. 525. Limina the chamber; unless we are to suppose a hysteron-proteron. — 526. Amanti; contemptuously of Menelaus, as if he were a new lover whose heart Helen was anxious to win.-529. Hortator scelerum. Cf. II. 164. Aeolides; referring to the post-Homeric slander which made Ulysses the son of Sisyphus, who was son of Aeolus. See on II. 7.530. Instaurate =repay. 533. Quae... fortuna; i. e. quae alia fortuna. Fatigat harasses. 534. Loca turbida =a region of chaotic gloom. -535. Hac vice sermonum during this interchange of dis - course. Gr. 426. I. A. & S. 253, N. 1. Quadrigis. Gr. 414. 4. A. & S. 247. 3.-536. Cursu -537. Traherent. Gr. 486. 4 - = = Comes as a companion.-541 Dextera quae— which on the right. The antecedent of quae is hac.· -542. Iter Elysium. See on III. 507. Nobis implies that they were not to visit Tartarus. Laeva mittit; instead of saying it conducts them to Tartarus where they are punished. — 545. Explebo numerum = I will fill up the number (of the shades); i. e. by rejoining them.-546. Utere habe. - 547. In verbo even while he was speaking. 548. Respicit; often used of looking in another direction or at another object. Cf. II. 615; III. 593. — 549. Moenia fortifica. tion, stronghold. — 550. Torrentibus suggests the notion of a torrent as well as that of scorching flame. — 551. Phlegethon acts as a moat, apparently outside the walls. 552. Adversa; i. e. facing the beholder. - 554. Stat; combining the notions of height and fixity. Ad auras; as if surgit or se tollit had preceded. So in v. 561.-555, Tisiphone. See on G. I. 278. - 557. Exaudiri; historical infin. — 558. Ferri is explained by catenae. Tractae. Gr. 580. A. & S. 274. R. 5(a). — 561. Urguentur; sc. scelerum facies.-563. Casto. See on III. 409. Insistere; commonly with dat.— 564. Hecate. See on v. 118. - 566. Gnosius. See on G. I. 122. Rhadamanthus. See on Hor. C. II. 13. 22. - 567. Castigatque, etc.; hysteronproteron. Dolos crimes; conceived of as skulking from justice and pleading not guilty. — 568, 569. Quae.......commissa piacula = what expiations of wicked deeds committed. Furto in concealment; called furtum as a fraud on justice. Distulit in seram has put off to (this) late death; meaning, not a deathbed confession, but a suppression of guilt till it is revealed in the lower world. — 570. Accincta armed.571. Quatit lashes. - 572. Sororum. See on G. I. 278. — 574. Custodia = custos; i. e. Tisiphone.-577. Saevior; i. e. than Tisiphone.-578, 579. CL IV. 445; G. II. 292. — 580. Genus Terrae. See on G. L. 279. Hor. C. III. 4. 73 foll. — 582. Aloidas. See on Hor. C. III. 4. 49 foll. - 585. Salmonea; the son of Aeolus and brother of Sisyphus. For his arrogance in pretending to be equal to Jupiter and in imitating his thunder and lightning, that god hurled him to Tartarus by a thunderbolt.-588. Mediae urbem through (his) city (i. e. Salmone) in the middle of Elis. - 590. Nimbos-thunder. — 591. Simularet. Gr. 591. A. & S. 264. 8 (1). — 593. Ille is semipleonastic, as in I. 3; V. 458. — 594. Turbine. See on I. 45. 595. Tityon. See on Ov. M. X. 43.598. Poenis. Gr. 419. III. A. & S. 250. 2 (1). — 599. Epulis. Gr. 384. A. & S. 223. — 600. Fibris. See on G. I. 484.-601. Ixiona. See on Ov. M. X. 42. Pirithoum. See on v. 393. Lapithas (a rude tribe of mountaineers in Thessaly) seems to stand for the whole nation, Ixion and Pirithous being mentioned only as specimens.-602. Jam jam. See ... mortem: -- on II. 701; IV. 371. Cadentique. The hypermeter has a rhetorical effect, the overlapping syllable expressing the just-falling stone. — 603. Genialibus = banqueting. -604. Toris. Gr. 384. 1. A. & S. 223. — 605. Furiarum maxima; Alecto or Megaera, Tisiphone being otherwise employed. See v. 555.-607. Exsurgitque; as if they were persisting in their attempt to eat, in spite of her prohibition.-608. Quibus invisi. Gr. 388. 4. A. & S. 225. II. The expression is general, though Virg. may have thought of special instances like Atreus and Thyestes, Eteocles and Polynices. — 609. Innexa; metaphorical, as in IV. 51, but here of the web of trickery and wrong in which the patron is supposed to entangle his client. The laws of the Twelve Tables made the crime here mentioned capital. — 610. Divitiis-repertis brooded alone over treasures found; a type of all who are greedy of gain. — 611. Posuere dedere. 613. Impia. See on G. I. 511. Fallere dextras; i. e. to violate the pledge of fidelity given to their masters.-615. Quam poenam; sc. exspectant; quam being relative, not interrogative, like quae in next clause. Poenam must be supplied after doceri; likewise formam and fortunam in the next clause. Forma... fortunave = form or lot (of penal suffering). The form itself is said mergere, as it receives them when they are engulfed in the abyss. — 616. Que. See on G. II. 87. — 618. Theseus. See on vv. 122, 393. Phlegyas, the father of Ixion and a king of the Lapithae, set fire to the temple of Apollo, who killed him with his arrows. Non temnere divos is explanatory of discite justitiam, justitia being the rendering of their dues to all, gods as well as men. 621. Auro. See on I. 484-622. Fixit...refixit. See on Ov. M. I. 92. — 623. Invasit; with thalamum = invaded, with hymenaeos sought. 625. Sint. See on G. II. 43.629. Susceptum - -munus = finish the task you have undertaken; i. e. carrying the golden bough to Proserpina.-630. Cyclopum — caminis = reared by the forges of the Cyclops ; i. e, by Vulcan and his Cyclops. See on G. I. 471. Cf. Hor. C. I. 4. 78, -631. Adverso-portas; i. e. in the arched gateway fronting us. -632. Haec... dona; for the singular. Praecepta; sc. deae, Cf. v. 142. —633. Opaca viarum. See on I. 422. — 634. Corripiunt medium. Cf. V. 316. — 635. Corpus=aqua; as was customary on entering a temple. Recenti aqua; emphatic, like flumine vivo, II. 719. — 637. Munere offering. Divae; Proserpina, -638. Locos. See on I. 365. - 638. Vireta = green retreats. → 639. Fortunatorum ; i. e. in which the happy dwell.-640. Largior -purpureo=here the ether clothes the fields more expansively (i. e. than in the gloomy regions of Tartarus) and with a dazzling light. Largior is a predicate, and so is coupled with lumine purpureo, both qualifying vestit. Cf. Extremus galeaque ima, V. 498. — = 641. Solem norunt; i. e. they have a sun and stars of their own, distinct from those in the upper world. - 645. Threicius... sacerdos. See on Ov. M. X. Introd. Cf. Ov. M. XI. 2; Hor. C. I. 24 13; III. 1. 3. The long robe was characteristic of musicians. — 646. Obloquitur numeris sings responsive to the numbers; i. e. to the beat of the dancers. Septem-vocum; the seven notes of the seven strings of the lyre, but produced of course by the voice. — 647. Pectine = plectro. 649. Annis. Gr. 426. A. & S. 253 = –650. See on I. 284; III. 107, 108, 168. — 651. Virum ; with both arma and currus. Inanes = ghostly, shadowy. — 653. Gratia love, fondness. Currum; for curruum. –654. Nitentes. See on III. 20.657. Vescentes feasting. Choro= in a band. 658. Superne in the upper world. -659. Plurimus... vol. vitur = = rolls full and strong; i. e. through the upper world. The legend was doubtless suggested by the fact that the Po, with which the Romans identified the Eridanus, not far from its source, flows underground for two miles. Eridani. See on G. I. 482.-660. Manus; sc. sunt qui. — 662. Vates = poets. — 663. Vitam; not their life, but life generally. Per artes artibus. - 664. Merendo =by their services. — 665. Vitta is the mark of consecration, being worn by the gods and by persons and things dedicated to them.667. Musaeus is the mythical father of poets, as Orpheus of singers. – 668. Humeris. Gr. 418. A. & S. 256, R. 16. — 670. Пllius. Gr. 411. 3. A. & S. 247, R. 2 (a). — 674. Rivis. Gr. 414. 2. A. & S. 247. I. - 675. Si-voluntas if such is your wish; i. e. to see Anchises. 676. Jam at once. 678. Dehinc. See on I. 131. Linquunt; i. e. Aeneas and the Sibyl. - 679. Penitus-virenti deep in a verdant dale. — 681. Studio recolens - earnestly contemplating. Suorum: of his progeny; explained by caros m potes.-682. Forte recensebat; i. e. Anchises happened to be reviewing that part of the whole multitude when Aeneas appeared683. Manus = martial exploits. - 687. Parenti. Gr. 388. 4 A. & S. 225. II. — 690. Futurum; with ducebam as well as rebar.691. Tempora dinumerans; i. e. counting the days till Aeneas might be expected to come. Fefellit; of disappointment and wasted labor.-694. Quid. Gr. 380. 2. A. & S. 232 (3). — 696. Limina Gr. 379. 4. A. & S. 237, R. 5 (c). Tendere. Gr. 553. V. A. &S. 273, N. 4 (6). — 699.. Memorans. See on II. 650. - 700. Collo Gr. 384. I. A. & S. 224, R. 1 (¿). — 703. Reducta = retired. See on I. 161. – 704. Virgulta-silvis the shrubbery rustling with the woods. Cf. III. 442; XII. 522, virgulta sonantia laurs. — 705. Lethaeum... amnem; Lethe, a river of the lower world, the drinking of whose waters caused forgetfulness of the past. Praenatat Cf. praefluit, Hor. C. IV. 14. 26. — 707. Ac velut = even as. CL = = IV. 402. = = 708. Circum... funduntur swarm around. - 709. Strepit - campus; the apodosis of the sentence, and referring to the shades. — 710. Subito; adj. with visu, and explaining horrescit. -711. Ea flumina porro : = that river in the distance. - 715. Securos latices care-dispelling draughts. —717. Jampridem .. cupio belong to the preceding line as well as to enumerare. Gr. 467. 2. A. & S. 145. I. 2. Meorum of my descendants. · 719. Ad coelum to the upper light. —720. Sublimes = on high; with ire. Cf. I. 415.- -721. Dira cupido. See on G. I. 37. -723. Suscipit resumes, replies. 724-751. Anchises explains that everything in nature is pervaded by one great spirit, that this in men is clogged by the body, and consequently that after death there has to be a longer or shorter purification, after which the souls are sent back into the world to animate other bodies. — 725. Titaniaque astra; i. e. the sun: poetical plu. for sing. Cf. IV. 119. 727. Corpore. Cf. G. II. 327.728. Inde, etc.; i. e. this union of mind and matter is the cause of individual life in animals, which consist of soul and body.—730. Igneus; the pure ether of the divine soul being regarded as flame. Cf. v. 746. — 731, 732. Seminibus seeds (of life). Quantum: so far as. Tardant... hebetant. C£. V. 395, 396. Moribunda; stronger than mortalia, -733, 734. Hinc; from this influence of the body. Neque caeco = = their gaze cannot pierce the sky, imprisoned as they are in darkness and a blind fleshly dungeon. — 737, 738. Penitusque; where we should expect sed penitus. Multa; i. e. multum vitii. Diu; with concreta. Modis miris. Cf. I. 354. - 740 – 742. A threefold purification, by air, water, and fire, is described. Inanes; with ventos. Infectum with which they are infected. 743, 744. Quisque — Manes each of us suffers his own Manes; i. e. each spirit has its individual discipline. The rest of the passage, which is one of the hardest in Virgil, seems to mean that all the shades are sent into Elysium after their purgation, but that while the greater part only pass through on their way to Lethe, a few, of whom Anchises is one, are allowed to remain there and complete a still higher purification. But this interpretation, the best that can be given, is not entirely satisfactory, and it may be, as Con. thinks, that this is one of the passages which Virg. left unfinished. — 745-747. Longa dies. Cf. V. 783. Temporis orbe. Cf. v. 748. Concretam. Cf. v. 738. Sensum = soul. Aurai. See on III. 354 Ignem. Cf. v. 730. –749. Cf. vv. 714, 715. — 750. Cf. v. 241. — 754. Posset. Gr. 486. III. A. & S. 264. 5, R. 2. — 755. Legere to scan. -756. Deinde hereafter. - 757. Itala de birth; i. e. the descendants of Lavinia. Cf. v. 680.—759. Cf. III. 379. — 760. Pura hasta : = - = gente = 762. —758. Cf. v. a headless spear; |