The Monster in the Machine: Magic, Medicine, and the Marvelous in the Time of the Scientific RevolutionThe Monster in the Machine tracks the ways in which human beings were defined in contrast to supernatural and demonic creatures during the time of the Scientific Revolution. Zakiya Hanafi recreates scenes of Italian life and culture from the late sixteenth to the early eighteenth centuries to show how monsters were conceptualized at this particular locale and historical juncture—a period when the sacred was being supplanted by a secular, decidedly nonmagical way of looking at the world. Noting that the word “monster” is derived from the Latin for “omen” or “warning,” Hanafi explores the monster’s early identity as a portent or messenger from God. Although monsters have always been considered “whatever we are not,” they gradually were tranformed into mechanical devices when new discoveries in science and medicine revealed the mechanical nature of the human body. In analyzing the historical literature of monstrosity, magic, and museum collections, Hanafi uses contemporary theory and the philosophy of technology to illuminate the timeless significance of the monster theme. She elaborates the association between women and the monstrous in medical literature and sheds new light on the work of Vico—particularly his notion of the conatus—by relating it to Vico’s own health. By explicating obscure and fascinating texts from such disciplines as medicine and poetics, she invites the reader to the piazzas and pulpits of seventeenth-century Naples, where poets, courtiers, and Jesuit preachers used grotesque figures of speech to captivate audiences with their monstrous wit. Drawing from a variety of texts from medicine, moral philosophy, and poetics, Hanafi’s guided tour through this baroque museum of ideas will interest readers in comparative literature, Italian literature, history of ideas, history of science, art history, poetics, women’s studies, and philosophy. |
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Page ix
... physical? The ancient precepts of physiognomy not only indicated how a man's charac- ter could be read from his features but also taught that inside us lurk a of bestial attributes. But we are the masters of our humanity: for every ...
... physical? The ancient precepts of physiognomy not only indicated how a man's charac- ter could be read from his features but also taught that inside us lurk a of bestial attributes. But we are the masters of our humanity: for every ...
Page 3
... physical , where the gods dwell . Mons- trum and teratos , the Latin and Greek roots of monster did not signify a deformed being , but a sign in the same category as portentum , prodigium , and ostentum , terms belonging to the ...
... physical , where the gods dwell . Mons- trum and teratos , the Latin and Greek roots of monster did not signify a deformed being , but a sign in the same category as portentum , prodigium , and ostentum , terms belonging to the ...
Page 9
... physical phenomena was later followed by other pagan and Christian historians , " 24 until in the fourth century a.d. Julius Obsequens collected together in chronological order all the portents reported by Livy ( including those from ...
... physical phenomena was later followed by other pagan and Christian historians , " 24 until in the fourth century a.d. Julius Obsequens collected together in chronological order all the portents reported by Livy ( including those from ...
Page 14
... a contextualized , localized set of characteristics , defined and accepted by the community . Monstrosity ranges freely from physical to moral qualities and back again , seemingly unconcerned 14 THE MONSTER IN THE MACHINE.
... a contextualized , localized set of characteristics , defined and accepted by the community . Monstrosity ranges freely from physical to moral qualities and back again , seemingly unconcerned 14 THE MONSTER IN THE MACHINE.
Page 15
... physical to moral qualities and back again , seemingly unconcerned by the different orders of reality implied in this conflation . For example , Giambattista Marino , in one of his Galeria poems , likens Martin Luther to a “ Hidra ...
... physical to moral qualities and back again , seemingly unconcerned by the different orders of reality implied in this conflation . For example , Giambattista Marino , in one of his Galeria poems , likens Martin Luther to a “ Hidra ...
Contents
1 | |
16 | |
Monstrous Machines | 53 |
Medicine and the Mechanized Body | 97 |
Vicos Monstrous Body | 135 |
Monstrous Metaphor | 187 |
Afterword | 218 |
Notes | 219 |
Bibliography | 253 |
Index | 267 |
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Common terms and phrases
according admiration ancient Angiola animal spirits appear Aristotelian Aristotle artificial Athanasius Kircher automatons Baroque beasts beautiful become Benedetto Varchi bestial birth blood Borelli Campanella Capoa catoptric cause choleric conatus conceit Cornelio corpo created creatures defective deformed delight demons Descartes described Discourse on Method divine early modern eyes fact figure Fisch Fisonomia garden Giambattista Vico Giovanni Borelli heart human body humors Hypochondria Ibid imagination kind Kircher Liceti machine marvelous material matter Max Fisch mechanical medicine metaphor metaphysical mind mirror monsters monstrous races moral motion move movement museum Naples natural magic Nemean lion nerves Nicolini object organs passions Peregrini philosophical physical physician physiognomy physiology pleasure poesie varie Porta principle procuri produce provides reason rhetorical sacred scientific seicento semen sense seventeenth century sirens soul statues technological teratology Tesauro things tion transformed treatise Varchi Vico Vico's virtue witticisms women wonder