siastical and domestic architecture during the sixteenth century. 11. State some facts which prove the progress of mental cultivation during this period. GEOGRAPHY. SECT. I.-Draw a map of one of these portions of land, inserting the names of the principal towns, 1. The coast-line of England from the mouth of the Tees to Harwich, with so much of the interior as is drained by the rivers between these points. 2. The counties drained by the Severn and its tributaries. 3. Scotland north of the Frith of Forth, with the adjacent islands. SECT. II. (These Questions may be illustrated by Sketches.) 1: Describe the physical features, climate, and productions of Italy. 2. Name the principal rivers of France, their tributaries, and the cities on their banks, stating briefly for what those cities are most remarkable. 3. Name the principal coal-fields of Europe, and give some account of their extent, and their effects upon the habits of the people. 4. Enumerate the rivers that flow into the Black Sea, and trace the course of one of these rivers, naming its tributaries and cities on its banks. SECT. III.-1. Name the possessions of England in Africa, and give a full description of the physical features and condition of one of these possessions. 2. Name the rivers of Hindoostan, and describe the course of the Ganges. 3. Give a clear account of New Zealand, its physical features, and the past and present condition of the inhabitants. 4. Which of the British Colonies are most important for population, natural and artificial productions? Support your statement by facts. SECT. IV.-1. Name the chief cities of Asia, and state on what account they are severally remarkable. 2. Name the United States of America, distinguishing the free states by a cross; and give some account of the climate and population of the North-Western States. 3. Name the countries between the Indus and the Red Sea, and give a brief account of the physical features, the chief cities, and the customs of the inhabitants. Supplementary. 1. Describe the currents of the Atlantic Ocean, and their effects upon navigation and upon the climate of the adjoining countries. 2. Describe the scenery of the Alps, and give an account of the glaciers. 3. Describe the causes and effects of the mon soon. 4. Give a general account of the geological structure of the British Isles, and explain its bearing upon the condition and occupations of the inhabitants. 5. Enumerate the most remarkable animals found in Australia, Egypt, and South America. Give an account of the structure and habits of one in each locality, showing its adaptation to the climate and other circumstances. 6. Describe the principal phenomena of the Arctic Zone. 7. Enumerate the chief divisions of the human race, and describe the characteristic features and habits of the most remarkable. 8. Describe the chief vegetable productions of Ceylon, Australia, and Canada. 9. Compare the temperature and climate of the following places: Madeira, New York, Rio Ja 2. Write out, in parallel columns, the first, second, and third persons singular of the present and past tenses, and the participles, of the verb to lay, and of the two verbs to lie. 3. Explain why the participle is so called, and illustrate your answer by examples of its use. SECT. II.-Parse the words printed in italics in the following passage: "But all is in His hand whose praise I seek. The Task. SECT. III.-Write out either the passage in Section II., or one of the following passages, in simple prose, expressing its meaning as exactly as you can, and in the fewest words: "Though Heav'n be shut, And Heav'n's high arbitrator sit secure In His own strength, this place may be exposed, The utmost border of His kingdom, left To their defence who hold it; there perhaps Some advantageous act may be achieved By sudden onset." "I have ventured, Paradise Lost. Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, SECT. IV.-1. Analyse one of the passages in Section III. 2. Examine the use of the pronoun in the fourth line of the passage in Section II. What other part of speech is employed in a similar construction ? 3. Show by examples what parts of speech can form by themselves the subject and predicate respectively of a proposition. Supplementary. 1. What is the best general rule for dividing words into syllables? Can you give the subordinate rules? 2. Enumerate the distributive and indefinite pronouns. How does 'few' differ in meaning from a few'? 3. What concords exist in English Grammar? Point out what is wrong in the following sentence: We respect men which acts consistently. 4. Show that, in determining what part of speech a word is, we must frequently be guided by the context. 5. Select two words from each of the above passages of poetry, of Latin, of French, and of Saxon origin, respectively. 6. Write out in separate lists the principal Saxon and Latin prefixes. 7. Give an account of the origin of as many of the following words as you can: wrong, session, only. calico, slave, tantalise, expulsion, saunler, effect, contradict, twilight. You are not allowed to answer more than one question in each Section; but when there are two sums in the same question, both should be worked. SECT. I.-1. What is meant by a system of nu. meration? What by a system of notation? When is a system said to be decimal? 2. Show how you can divide by 10, 100, 1000, &c., more easily than by any other number. If in multiplying by 7000 we multiply by 7 and add three figures, what principles are illustrated by the process? 3. What do you mean by reducing fractions into lowest terms? Show the correctness of the process employed. Prove by means of a diagram that SECT. II.-1. If a piece of ribbon measures 21 yards 2 nails, how many bonnets can be trimmed with 17 such pieces, supposing each bonnet requires 2 yards? How many crowns, half-crowns, shillings, and groats, amount to 997. 16s. 4d., taking of each an equal number? 2. A man spends 155l. 5s. 7d. per year; how much will he lay by in 37 years out of 2001. per annum? If 6 million visitors entered the Crystal Palace in 26 weeks, what was the average attendance per day? 3. Find by practice the value of 8632 articles at 11. 148. 3 d. 1280/. is divided among three persons, so that their portions are as 5, 3, 2, respectively, how much does each receive? SECT. III.-1. Find the sum, difference, product, and quotient of 27 and 5. The sum realised by a bankrupt's estate is 78487., being of his debts; find the amount of the debts, and the dividend paid. 2. How long will it take 17 men to earn 50%., if 12 men in 6 days can earn 13 guineas? 3. Divide 71 by 635. Find the value of '178 of a mile. Express 75 of a shilling as decimals of each of the coins of the realm. SECT. IV.-1. Find the interest on 8951. at 24 per cent for 7 years 2 months. How long will it be before 3741. put out at interest at per cent will realise a profit of 100%.? 2. There are two schools, one containing 650 children, and the other 340 children: 5 per cent of the former are generally absent, 7.5 of the latter: what is the average attendance in each? The present worth of a debt, due six months hence, is 251. 10s., and the rate of discount is 6 per cent per annum; what is the amount of the debt? 3. Sold 16 cwt. 2 qrs. of soap, which cost 21. 6s. 8d. per cwt., at 64d. per lb.; what was the gain upon the whole, and also per cwt.? SECT V.-1. Compare the advantages of a decimal system, having ll. for the unit, with those of one which has a farthing for the unit. 2. What is the readiest way of converting our present money into decimals of 11.? Give examples. 3. Add together the 18th part of 45., the 19th part of 237., and the 20th part of 867.; 7 flo. 5 cents 7 mils. SECT. VI.-1. What books are required in bookkeeping by single entry, and what is the use of each? 2. What are the respective advantages of single and double entry? WELSH. 1. Translate into English one of the two following passages: Dwg ar gof iddynt fod yn ddarostyngedig i'r tywysogaethau a'r awdurdodau, fod yn ufudd, fod yn barod i bob gweithred dda. Bod heb gablu neb, yn anymladdgar, yn dirion, gan ddangos pob addfwynder tu ag at bob dyn. Canys yr oeddym ninnau hefyd gynt yn annoethion, yn anufudd, yn cyfeiliorni, yn gwasanaethu chwantau ac amryw feluswedd, gan fyw mewn drygioni a chenfigen, yn digasog, yn casau cin gilydd." "Dros chwech awr, nid oedd dim ond y dystryw gwyllt o bob ochr, yn enwedig o du y Sueson, fel y mae Gildas, ein cydwladwr yr, hwn a aned yn y flwyddyn hono, yn sicrhau. En lluvedd, y waith hon, er eu hamled, a sathrwyd fel nad arosodd cymmaint a rhestr gyfan yn ddiglwyf; a'r maes a guddiwyd cyn dewed a chelaneddau'r Meirw, fel mai nid gwaith ysgafn, dros diwrnodau oedd eu claddu. Y frwydyr hon a ymladdwyd yn y flwyddyn 495. Arthur, mab y brenin, a ymddygodd yma yn llawn calondid a med i drin arfau." 2. Parse fully the words in italics, in whichever of the above passages you have translated, explaining carefully the literal mutations, and comparing the grammatical construction with that of your own translation. 3. Translate into Welsh one of the two following passages: "The extremes of heat and cold which prevail in China at opposite seasons of the year, and the custom of living much in the open air, are the causes of the difference between the summer-cap and the winter cap. The former is made of thin filaments of wood, surmounted by a red, white, or blue ball on the sharp point at the top. A bunch of crimson silk or horsehair hangs down from it all round. The latter is made of black velvet or fur, is turned up with a brim all round, and is also ornamented with a ball and a fringe of red silk." "Every mind which is yet a stranger to science, is, in some respects, in the same situation with that of Galileo before he turned his telescope to the heavens. Such a mind has a world of wonders to learn, many of which are as extraordinary as those which then revealed themselves to the philosopher. The consciousness of discovery was Galileo's alone: the novelty and sublimity of the study of the heavens remain the same for all by whom it has yet been unenjoyed. And so, indeed, it is with every other sort of knowledge." 4. What are the technical terms used for each degree of the stave? 5. Of what does the common chord consist? and in how many positions can it be taken? 6. Write common chords in their different positions in the following keys (with their relative minors),-D (re), E (mi‡), A (lab), B 2 (si 2). 7. Show on the blank staves how the consecutive fifths and octaves which occur in the following passages are to be rectified. 8. What is meant by an inversion? What are the inversions of a minor third, a major seventh, a minor sixth, and a perfect fourth. 9. Harmonise the following psalm-tune, and add the radical Bass. 10. Render into English the following Italian words denoting the speed and character of a movement, viz. adagio, andante, allegro, largo, maestoso, presto, vivace, andantino quasi allegretto; and explain the following signs; < A || D.C. ~ Committee of Council on Education. CLASS LIST of Masters and Mistresses who have been registered, pursuant to Minutes of 2d April and 20th August 1853, after examination before her Majesty's Inspectors, at Easter 1857. MASTERS. I. Teachers of 35 years of age and upwards to be registered for Capitation Grants under the Minute of 2d April 1853. II. Teachers of 35 years of age and upwards to be registered under the Minute of 2d April, and also as qualified for the instruction of Pupil-teachers under the Minute of 20th August 1853. I. Teachers of 35 years of age and upwards to be registered for Capitation Grants under the Minute of 2d April 1853. II. Teachers of 35 years of age and upwards to be registered under the Minute of 2d April, and also as qualified for the instruction of Pupil-teachers under the Minute of 20th August 1853. Correspondence. [The Committee of the National Society are thankful for any communication likely to assist SchoolManagers and Teachers, or otherwise promote the work of Church Education; but they do not necessarily hold themselves responsible for the opinions of the Editor's correspondents.] To the Editor of the National Society's Monthly Paper. THE HISTORY OF A CHURCH-TEACHER IN HIS DIFFICULTIES, Struggles, (This series of chapters was commenced in the Number for August.) CHAPTER XVI. or To one hitherto accustomed to the country, to green fields, farms, and open commons, kis introduction to a mining district is as startling as it is novel. He seems to be suddenly born into a new world, and every thing about him is intensely strange. His surprise is not at all diminished if that introduction should chance to take place at night. The lurid glare in the heavens, occasioned by numberless fires and blast-furnaces; the rapid movements to and fro of huge, half-naked, swarthy figures coming between the fires all around him and himself, looking in the indistinctness of the glare something like giants; the loud voices, so different from the caroling of the milkmaid or the ploughman's encouraging orders to his team,—are sights and sounds of a totally different phasis of his existence. The day brings with it quite as much surprise as the night. The hedgerows of the country have given place to rows of low black sheds and dirty cottages; the favourite bank, covered with a mantle of wild flowers, has a substitute in the hideous coal-bank at the pit's mouth; the constant clanking of chains and restless turning of wheels give rise to a new order of sounds, bearing a very remote relation indeed to the bleating of the distant fold or the drowsy tinkling of the sheep-bell; and as for the smell of the thick smoke, or the sulphurous fumes of halfburnt coal and heaps of scoriæ, who would for one moment think of comparing these with the sweet odour of bean-blossom and the delicious perfume of newly-mown tedded grass and clover? The traveller from the farm, the grange, or the hamlet, meets with a new class of words too among "the pits," and for a season is in ignorance of the cabala. For the first time in his life he hears a man called "a butty," "a doggy," "a banksman." Victuals is called "tommy." To be "starved" does not mean to be short of "tommy," but to be cold; though how people can possibly complain of cold in a land which seems all fire and smoke is an enigma. Sydney, of course, found the change from Elmton to Sinkabbot very striking. He had never seen a brick church, too, before, especially one with a high brick chimney, like those down at “the works." Sinkabbot school was in a sad state. The children knew nothing, could do nothing, except make a noise; and seemed to care for nothing except carrying their fathers' "tommy" down to the works punctually at twelve, to perform which filial act of duty they insisted on leaving school at a quarter-past eleven. Every body seemed to Sydney to have a black face in those parts, and to glory in it. The boys of the Sinkabbot school marked Sunday by washing theirs. The school had suffered from a constant change of masters. The clergyman had maintained his ground, working for almost nothing in the heart of a dense population, which had rapidly grown up clustered about "the works" as a nucleus, and for a long time been without any provision for their spiritual wants. That very wise school of politicians who argue upon the vital interests of men's souls, and the matters connected with Christ's Church, just as they would argue upon the important question of cheapening tea or coffee by a penny a pound, who tell us that it ought to be with the religious provision for a people as with secular things, namely, that the supply should only be equal to the demand,-might have seen the ultimate tendency of their darling theory if they had but just paid a visit to Sinkabbot. They would have beheld a degraded population, who had been left to their own resources for years, making (when they did have the blessing of a church and pastor) hardly the slightest demand on them; and therefore, according to the theory stated above, there ought to have been little or no supply, and the people should have been left in a state of heathenism. Fortunately employers have awakened to a sense of the responsibilities of their position. "There is hardly a book in the school, sir," said Sydney, as one evening he had paid a visit to Mr. Poinlow to mention his wants in the way of apparatus. "I cannot help you," said the clergyman. "Five times within the last two years and a half have there been complete supplies of books in that school. Twice I have paid for them myself. There is no chance of collecting more money; for what with subscriptions, annual sermon, and every other means, we can scarcely get together your salary, small as I feel it to be. I am a poor man, and have a large family. You |