adoption of such a restriction as I have suggested would furnish, it is said, a new excuse for leaving wild animals unprotected by law. I cannot see the force of this objection, which, if it were valid, would be a very serious one, since I strongly desire to see the scope of Martin's Act extended so as to include creatures of all kinds. We should not, I think, be the less anxious to guard the less sensitive creatures from torture, because we had put the more sensitive under special safeguards. It seems to me that creatures bound to us by special ties may well and safely be permitted special privileges; indeed, that the tendency of any measure which recognised more explicitly the claims of our family dependents to be especially guarded from anything like hostile treatment, would have a generally humanizing influence on social manners, and improve instead of deteriorating the treatment even of wild animals. RICHARD HOLT HUTTON. NATHANIEL BAKER, Secretary, 8th January, 1876. (SEAL.) It is due to Dr. Richardson to publish the following statement made to Mr. Colam in 1862.—"I know of no institution in the kingdom where vivisection is carried on publicly, or even privately, in a systematic manner. 2. Vivisection, when performed in England, is according to my experience, always conducted by professors who have some definite object of investigation in view. 3. I have never seen a vivisection instituted for the mere purpose of instructing students, and I believe the practice would be contrary to the feelings of professors and of students, equally: further I have never seen a student make a vivisection for his own inquiries, and I believe that no school in the kingdom would allow its students to conduct vivisections for such objects. 4. Vivisections in England are conducted in the present day on animals rendered unconscious of pain by some anesthetic. Chloroform and the fume of the lycoperden gigantium' are so effective and so easily applied that the physiological operator thinks of proceeding without one or other of them, as rarely as does the surgeon. Indeed, the employment of anesthetics in operative physiology is now recognised, not only as a humane practice, but as securing better experimental results. 5. Vivisection in this country is comparatively rare as a practice; none resort to it but men far advanced in physiological learning, and they only for the solution of important questions. 6. I believe the day will come when physiological inquiry will be so far complete that the practice of vivisection will pass away altogether. As yet, however, there are problems of profoundest interest relating to some of the animal functions, for the solution of which vivisection, unfortunately, is still required. Hence the practice remains as a necessity; but, as carried out in this country it is certainly performed with the least possible infliction of pain.-B. W. RICHARDSON, M.A., M.D." CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION-relating to the opinions and action of the R.S.P.C.A. MINUTES OF Mr. Colam'S EXAMINATION Visit of Mr. Fleming and Mr. Colam to Guy's Hospital Letters relating to Dr. Ferrier's Lectures Ferrier's Lecture-reported by the Leeds Times Witnesses suggested by Mr. Colam The Queen's Letter Memorial addressed to the R.S.P.C.A. Society's Bill against Vivisection Lord Hartismere's Bill for Regulating Vivisection Dr. Lyon Playfair's Bill for ditto XXV xlvi xlvi xlvii xlviii xlix 1 liii lv lv I DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE PRESENTED BY THE R.S.P.C.A.- (a.)-Evidence of Pain. 1-Lectures on Experimental Investigation-Dr. Brunton 2.-Frog-nerve dissected out, &c.-Dr. Radcliffe 3.-Rabbit-experiment on brain-Dr. Radcliffe 4.-Dog and Rabbit-opening stomach-Dr. Pavy 18.-Eye and the sympathetic-irritation 19.-Frogs, &c.-freezing centres of the nervous system--Dr. Richardson 23.-Chloral-injection-animal restored-Dr. Brunton 24.-Dog, rabbit, and frog-injection of coralline 25.-Fowls, rats, and frogs-epithelium scraped off 26.-Birds and rabbits in cages-heated by lamps and sulphate of soda 27.-Dog (curarised), ear cut off; great sympathetic and sciatic nerve laid 28.-Rabbits and other animals under curare-section of spinal cord; com- pression of carotids and vertebrals during pregnancy; extrusion of 29.-Dogs and rabbits (curarised)-irritation of nerves; suffocation; &c.- - 36.-Higher animals-experiment on the heart-Mr. Colin offers to repeat 17 37.-Guinea-pigs, rabbits, rats, pigeons, &c,—experiments-Dr. Day 38.-Frogs-immersed in nicotine, strychnia, &c.-Dr. Part 39.-Dogs, rabbits, and frogs-submitted to aconite-Dr. Harvey 42.-Frogs-Strychnia and operations on the cranium 43.-Cats, rabbits, mice, frogs, &c.--doses of theine, caffeine, &c.- 44.- Dr. A. Bennett Ditto 47.-Dogs-injection of salts of magnesia and salts of zinc 48.-Rabbits, &c.-doses of chloral and bromal hydrates and idioform- 49.-Horse-injections into the pleural sac-Professor Williams 50.-Dogs-injection of tartar emetic 51.—Dogs—injection of ammonia and phosphate of soda-Dr. Madge 52.-Dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea-pigs-epilepsy caused 53.-Frogs-inflammation of the mesentery-seventy experiments 54.-Dog (curarised)-injection of digitalis 55.-Sheep, rabbit, dog, frog, cat, guinea-pig, &c.-transfusion of blood 59.-Dogs, cats, kids, pigs, horses, &c.-submitted to snake bites-two hundred and eighty experiments-Dr. Fayrer 60.-Cerebellum-insertion of bradawl into skull and cerebellum-Dr. 61.-Dogs (non-narcotised)-surface of the brain stimulated by electricity 69.-Dogs, cats, &c.--section of the chorda tympani, &c. - 70.-Dogs (curarised)—exposure of glosso-pharyngeal nerve 71.-Pigeons-injury to and removal of cerebral hemispheres — Dr. 72.-Animals (various)-forty experiments on the brain 73.-Animals-manometer screwed into the skull 74.-Rabbits-experiments on the crura cerebelli 75.-Monkeys, &c.-experiments on the brain-Dr. Ferrier ditto -Drs. Brown-Séquard, Burdon-Sanderson, Fritsch, Charcot and Hitzig, who contradicted each other 77.-Dogs, cats, guinea-pigs, &c.-suffocation-Royal Medical and Chi- 80.-Liver and dura mater-congestion-Mr. Lucas 81.-Dogs, guinea-pigs, and rabbits-injection of putrefying blood 45 45 45 47 47 48 48 46 49 56 57 93.-Arterial congestion with swelling of the tissue 106.-Rabbits and dogs-denuded of hair and skins painted 107.-Dogs, rats, and guinea-pigs-incision of the liver and kidneys, and 108.-Rabbits-starvation and puncture-Dr. Brunton 109.-Animals (various)-pleurisy and pneumonia caused-Dr. Pavy 65 67 67 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE-(continued). 114.-Cats-obstruction to the gall ducts-Dr. Legg 115.-Experiments on the spinal cord causing diabetes-Dr. Brunton 116. Cats-ligature of the bile ducts-sixteen experiments-Dr. Legg 118.-Dogs-experiments on cardiac muscles 119.-Dog-ligature of bile duct 120. Cats-production of peritonitis-Dr. Legg 121.-Rabbits-starvation and production of diabetes-sixteen experiments 123.-Guinea-pigs, dogs, &c.-inoculation with pyæmic liquids causing me- ditto ditto-Mr. Hulke 124.-Ditto 141. 127: Animals (various)—spinal cord experiments-Dr. Brown-Séquard{ ditto 145.-Rabbit-excision of hypo-glossal nerve 146.-Animals-experiments on the bones-Dr. Edwards 147.-Frog-experiment on the testes 148.-Frog-tetanus produced (c.)-Evidence of Design to teach Students by Vivisections. 149.-Advance of physiology-Nature. 150. Presumption of students-Dr. Scoffern 151-5.Experiments during lecture-Dr. Rutherford 156-7.Students must see experiments-speech of Dr. Rutherford 159.- Ditto ditto Lancet ditto 100 ΙΟΙ ΙΟΙ ΙΟΙ 160.-Students should spend time in the physiological laboratory-Dr. Ross - 164.-Experimental lecture in laboratory-Dr. Burdon-Sanderson 165a.-Public advertisement to teach vivisection-Mr. Cooke (d.)-Opinions more or less against Vivisections. 166-7.Sir Charles Bell - 168.-Dr. Ebenezer Watson |