lance. He retired to a little country house he had a Juvisy, where he continued to be subjected to periodica denunciation and domiciliary visits. At the beginnin of the Terror he was included in the Girondist proscrip tions and sent to La Force. When Robespierre fell, year later, he was released by the Conseil-Général, who recognised his scrupulous fidelity to the Republic, and moreover took into consideration the fact that he ha neither claimed nor received any remuneration fron his late master. Being practically without means o subsistence, he accepted a precarious place as a clerk in an office, which still left him extremely poor. Afte the death of the Dauphin in 1795 came the negotiation for the release, in exchange for Lafayette, of Madam Royale, who promptly summoned Cléry to follow he to Austria. He thereupon sold his only remaining property, his Juvisy house, left half the proceeds to his family, and with the balance repaired to his brother's at Strassburg to await the arrival of his young mistress At Strassburg he stayed three months; and then, having learned that Madame Royale was on her way, contrived, with his brother's aid, to escape from France and join her at Wels, thirty-six leagues from Vienna. Here, at last, he was enabled to fulfil the King's commissions to his family. He also visited the new King, Louis XVIII (the Count de Provence), and by him was speedily employed on divers secret missions.

At what period, under the title of the Journal du Temple,' he began to put together the loose memoranda to which he refers in his opening lines, is not quite clear. By one authority it is stated that this constituted his main occupation during his residence at Strassburg. But from a letter by him in the Souvenirs' of the artist Mme Vigée-Lebrun, dated from Vienna in 1796, it is doubt ful whether the manuscript was even then actually ready for the press. This letter, which seems to be little known is extremely interesting. In the early, happy days Mme Vigée-Lebrun had painted Marie Antoinette an her three children in a famous picture still at Versailles and she now desired to perpetuate with her brush som he began his recollections at the instigation This may be so; but it cannot have been Journal' was published in London in 1798.

* M. Lenotre says that the Princess Hohenlohe. stated) in 1799, for Cléry's

Lilles

tion a

CLÉRY'S JOURNAL

one of the touching and solemn moments' which pre-
ceded the Queen's execution. Having ascertained Cléry's
whereabouts, she applied to him for information and
assistance. His answer, above referred to, is full of
minute and intimate directions which supplement, and
to some extent complete, his own printed account. He
suggested several incidents for treatment; but his prefer-
ence was for the farewell scene, more especially because
an engraving of that scene, which was inaccurate both
as regards resemblance and environment, had already
appeared in England. He described in detail the rudely-
papered squalid room, about fifteen feet square, in which
the parting took place; the single barred and screened
indow narrowing to its dim aperture in the nine-foot
all; the faience stove blocking up the embrasure and
elastered round by the sombre municipal officers; the
feeble Argand lamp; the poor King struggling manfully
to control himself, but grievously affected by the grief
of his family; the Queen-her beautiful hair blanchi
par les malheurs-half-fainting on his shoulder; the
sorrowing sister and children clinging about his knees.
The letter also gives minute particulars concerning
the costume of the figures, but winds up with a request
that the information may be regarded as confidential,
as it had not yet been given to the public. Mme Vigée-
Lebrun, on second thoughts, considered the subject too
painful for portrayal, at all events by herself. Two years
later, however, she sent from St Petersburg to Madame

Royale at Mittau a memory-portrait of Marie Antoinette.
This, based no doubt as much on Cléry's indications as her
recollections, was warmly welcomed by its recipient,
this time the Duchesse d'Angoulême, in a letter of
a facsimile is printed by the artist.*

Cry's letter to Mme Vigée-Lebrun bears date October
But the publication of the Journal,' to which

Ben Hogarth,' Daniel Chodowiecki, executed two engravings for the
Souvenirs de Madame Vigée-Lebrun' (1835), ii, 342-51. In 1793 the
Frisch genealogischer Almanach,' representing the arrest of Louis XVI
Menehould in June 1791, and his subsequent acceptance of the Con-
etched a plate of Cléry's children, then resident in the artist's house
Chodowiecki must later have made Cléry's acquaintance, for in

in de Behrenstrasse at Berlin. (Engelmann's 'Catalogue of Chodowiecki'

(p. 494.)

it refers, did not immediately follow. In 1797 attempts were made to print it in the Austrian capital; but, though there were many subscribers, the chancellery refused the requisite visa. The author then determined to carry it to London. Before starting, he went to Blankenburg to submit his manuscript to Louis XVIII, who read it, and added as an epigraph the words of Eneas to Dido'Animus meminisse horret.' The King also sent to Cléry in England the Order of St Louis, with a holograph letter of commendation. You have shown' (he wrote) 'no less courage in the prison of the Temple than the warrior who braves death on the field of honour; and, in awarding to you the decoration which serves him as a recompense, I do no wrong to the spirit of this noble institution." In London Cléry lodged at 29 Great Pulteney Street, Golden Square, where he speedily found patrons and a publisher. The English version of his book, prepared, as it title-page proclaims, from the original manuscript,' was by R. C. Dallas, subsequently the translator of many Revolutionary records, including Hue's Memoirs,' but now remembered chiefly by what Moore calls his 'most authentic and trustworthy' 'Recollections' of his relative Lord Byron. The 'Journal' must have appeared in the middle of 1798, as a note to its list of subscribers is dated May 25. There was also a French edition. The subscription list, which is headed by the whole of the English royal family, runs to thirty-two closely-printed columns, and includes many illustrious sympathisers with the Temple captives. Pitt is there, and Dundas; but neither Sheridan nor Fox. Scott, Esq.' and 'Rogers, Esq.' may mean Walter Scott and Samuel Rogers. But Scott, who had as yet published nothing, did not pay his first visit to London until 1799. That he then, or later, met Cléry is plain from his 'Life of Napoleon Bonaparte':

6

Cléry' (he says) 'we have seen and known, and the form and manners of that model of pristine faith and loyalty can never be forgotten. Gentlemanlike and complaisant in his manners, his deep gravity and melancholy features announced that the sad scenes, in which he had acted a part so honourable, were never for a moment out of his memory' (cap. xiii, note).

There was another person who undoubtedly saw Cléry in London, and helped him to subscribers, although, by

Clery

never

oners

at the

were

CLÉRY'S JOURNAL

admitted misadventure, his name does not appear in the
roll. This was Mme D'Arblay's father, bustling Dr Charles
Burney of St Martin's Street, who at once hurried off
an account of his new acquaintance to his daughter
and her French husband in Surrey. M. D'Arblay had
been adjutant-general to Lafayette, and both he and
his clever little wife were naturally ardent Royalists.
Shortly afterwards the Journal' arrives at Camilla Cot-
tage, and 'half-kills' its readers. The deepest tragedy
they hare yet met with is slight to it. The extreme
plainess and simplicity of the style, the clearness of
the detail, the unparading yet evident worth and feeling
of the writer, make it a thousand times more affecting
than if it had been drawn out with the most striking
equence.' Mme D'Arblay asks for more; she 'wants a
econd part.' What of the remaining members of the
royal family? What of the tokens intended for the
Queen and the Dauphin? As to the other prisoners,
Cléry, as already explained, at the time of writing, had
probably no further particulars to give; but respecting
the tokens, which duly reached their destination by other
hands, he prints a note at the end of his volume.*

There is little more to say of this emphatically ‘léal
servicear. The 'Journal' was printed secretly in France
in 1799, and it was translated into most European
languages. As might perhaps have been expected, its
authenticity was hotly questioned and defended. Under
the Directory, much to its writer's indignation, it was
garbled and falsified; and later he was coolly invited,
a preliminary to a fresh French edition, to append a
script in praise of the existing Government. Napoleon,
ys anxious to surround himself by the old servants
Lais XVI, offered him the post of senior chamberlain
to Josephine; but he declined it, thereby seriously offend-
thirst year, broken by constant jealousies, intrigues,
ng the First Consul. Finally, on May 27, 1809, in his

journeyings to and fro, Cléry died at Hietzing, a of Vienna. Upon his tombstone is the simple inition, 'Ci-gît le fidèle Cléry.'

AUSTIN DOBSON.

e D'Arblay would have been delighted to know, what she probably Asked by the Queen and Mme Elizabeth during their imprisonment. died without learning, that 'Camilla' and 'Evelina' were among the books

Art. 4.-NEW LIGHT UPON SIR PHILIP SIDNEY' 'ARCADIA.'

FROM its first publication in 1590 down to about the middle of the seventeenth century, it is probably safe to say that no book in the English language enjoyed a greate degree of popularity than Sir Philip Sidney's 'Arcadia No fewer than thirteen editions were published between 1590 and 1674. If it was ever out of print between thes dates, it was only for a short time; and it must alway have been easily procurable, a thing which could be sai of very few other books of the same period. It was rea by all who had any pretensions to literary taste; an nearly every poet, dramatist, and novelist of the time wa in some way indebted to it. It is well known that Shake speare owed much to it and to the other writings of it author; and he probably owed more than has hitherto been suspected.

In 1580 Sir Philip Sidney, having incurred Queen Elizabeth's displeasure by submitting to her a letter in which he protested against her intended marriage to the Duke of Anjou, was banished from Court and retired to his sister's residence at Wilton. It is generally supposed that it was at this period that he began to write hist 'Arcadia'; but, for anything we know to the contrary, he may have begun it a year or two earlier. There can be little doubt, however, that it was his enforced retirement from public affairs at this period which gave him the opportunity of completing his romance. I pleting' because, though all the printed editions are more or less imperfect, the work as originally planned was practically completed. The author did indeed, at the close hint at a continuation; this would, however, have been concerned with the adventures of other heroes and heroines than those who figured in the first part. In the present essay it is my purpose to show that the romance in its original form is still in existence in at least three manuscript copies; and, further, to indicate what relation these manuscripts bear to the various printed

editions.

say

'com

To clear the ground, I will briefly relate the chief facts that are already known as to the history of the romance.