SENTENCES. The breaking up of a period into its component sentences and clauses, shewing their relation to one another, and classifying the different parts of each individual sentence or clause, is called Analysis. A Sentence is a complete thought expressed in words. A Clause is a member of a sentence, containing a predicate within itself. A Phrase is a member of a sentence, and consists of two or more words, but does not contain a predicate. A sentence is either principal or accessory to a principal sentence. The following Table will shew the different kinds of accessory sentences and clauses : Connect. Advers. Illat. Noun. Adjectival. Adverbial. Subj. Obj. Time, pl., man., deg., quan., mood. In breaking up a period into its component sentences and clauses, take the following order :- Ist. Note all the finite verbs in the period. 2nd. Write down, in order, all the words belonging to the sentences of which these are the predicates. 3rd. Distinguish each sentence by a letter, and write opposite it what kind of a sentence it is, and what is its relation to the others. SPECIMEN OF GENERAL ANALYSIS. "But what if he our conqueror, whom I now To undergo eternal punishment.'-143-155. Finite verbs-can avail, have left, believe, could have o'erpowered, may suffice, may do, be, feel. A. But what. . . . what can it then avail. Principal sent. B. If he our conqueror.... have left us this our spirit and strength entire, strongly to suffer and support our pains. Adv. to A. C. Whom I now of force believe al- Subord. clause. mighty. Adj. to subj. of B. D. Since no less than such could have) Co-ord with C. o'erpower'd such force as ours. (Illative.) Sub-ord. clause. E. That we may so suffice his vengeful Adv. to B. ire. F. Or do him mightier service as his thralls by right of war, . . . . here in the heart of hell to work in fire, or do his errands in the gloomy deep. G. Whate'er his business be. H. Though yet we feel strength undiminished or eternal being to undergo eternal punishment. (purpose.) Co-ord. with E, or Adv. to Pred. of B. (purpose.) Sub. adv. to pred. of F. Co-ord with A. (This general analysis might have been extended by supplying ellipses, but it is not necessary.) The following Table shews the various elements of which the six parts of a sentence may consist : I. The SUBJECT. 1. A NOUN, or 2. A Pronoun. 3. An Adjective used as a noun. 4. Two or more nouns joined together. 5. Infinitive phrase. 6. Participial phrase. 7. Subordinate noun clause. II. The PREDICATE. I. Finite verb. (1) Complete. Incomplete, with adv. prep.,, &c. 2. Copulative verb, with (1) an adjective; 3. An Adjective used as a noun. 4. Two or more nouns joined together. 6. Participial phrase. 7. Subordinate noun clause. IV. ENLARGEMENTS OF THE SUBJECT. I. An ADJECTIVE, or Enlarged Adjective. 3. Noun in apposition. 4. Noun in possessive case. 5. Preposition phrase. 6. Adverb, or Adverbial phrase. V. ENLARGEMENTS OF THE PREDICATE. 1. An ADVERB. 2. Adverbial phrase. 3. Preposition phrase. VI. ENLARGEMENTS OF THE OBJECT. (Same as Enlargements of Subject.) PREPARATORY ANALYSIS. In preparing the analysis of a simple sentence, find, Ist, the subject; 2nd, the predicate; 3rd, if the verb be transitive, the object; and then proceed to the words or phrases which modify each, noting what kind of extension the words or phrases are. Thus, in preparing the analysis of the following passage, it should be written out as under : 'Thrice he assayed, and thrice in spite of scorn, DETAILED ANALYSIS. There are many ways in which the detailed analysis of a passage may be exhibited, but the following is perhaps the most convenient ; 'What matter where, if I be still the same And what I should be-all but less than he * aa. is great What matter might have been considered as the Predicate, and where as the Subject of the Principal Sentence. Printed by Alex. Rodgers, High Street, Montrose. |