herd, Henry W. Conner, and Samuel P. Carson, were re-elected without opposition.

Lewis Williams was re-elected, after a violent struggle, by a majority of 402 votes over Samuel King.

Edmund Deberry was elected a representative to congress, from the

district lately represented by Mr. Culpeper, by a majority of 200 vetes over John A. Cameron.

GOLD.-Gold has been discovered in several places in this state. It was first discovered in the county of Cabarrus, and subsequently it has been found in the counties of Rutherford, Burke, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, Anson, Davidson, Montgomery, Randolph, Caswell, Guilford, Orange, and Chatham. The following is a statement of the amount of gold found

1827.LEGISLATIVE PROCEEDINGS.-The veteran General Sumpter being largely indebted to the bank of the state, application was made to the legislature, at this session, by his friends, for some relief. The joint committee of the two houses, to which the application was referred, recommended that the state should assume the debt, and take his whole property at a valuation to be made by commissioners; but it was ultimately determined that the directors should be instructed to indulge general Sumpter until his death, not requiring him to pay interest, but retaining all the securities as they

are.

December.-The legislature, at its session in this month, appointed a committee, "to whom were referred certain resolutions, directing an inquiry into the nature and origin of the federal government, and whether certain measures of congress were or were not, a violation of the letter and spirit of the federal compact." The committee, in their report, go into an examination of the manner in which the federal government was established; examine the question as to its emanating from the people, directly,

17,073

2,260

-19,338

52,022

16,959

2,496 370

or from the states, as sovereignties; allude to the construction put upon the constitution by the supreme court of the United States; go into an inquiry whether congress can so legislate as to protect the local interests of particular states at the expense of other portions of the United States; and, whether domestic manufactures be a local or general interest; whether, under the power "to promote the general welfare," Congress can expend money on internal improvements, or for any purposes not connected with the enumerated objects in the constitution; and whether congress can extend its legislation to the means of meliorating the condition of the free colored, or slave population of the United States. The committee concluded by proposing the following resolutions, which, after some debate, were adopted by the senate on the 12th, and by the house of representatives on the 19th of December, 1827:

1. Resolved, That the constitution of the United States is a compact between the people of the different states, with each other, as separate, independent sovereignties, and that for any violation of the letter, or spirit of

that compact by the congress of the United States, it is not only the right of the people, but of the legislatures who repsesent them, to every extent not limited, to remonstrate against violations of the fundamental compact.

2. Resolved, That the acts of congress, known by the name of the tariff laws, the object of which, is not the raising of revenue, or the regulation of foreign commerce, but the promotion of domestic manufactures, are violations of the constitution, in its spirit, and ought to be repealed.

3. Resolved, That congress has no power to construct roads and canals in the states, for the purposes of internal improvements, with or without the assent of the states in whose limits those internal improvements are made; the authority of congress extending no further than to pass the necessary and proper laws” to carry into execution their enumerated powers.

4. Resolved, That the American colonization society is not an object of national interest, and that congress has no power in any way, to patronize, or direct appropriations for the benefit of this, or any other society.

5. Resolved, That our senators in congress be instructed, and our representatives be requested, to continue to oppose every increase of the tariff, with a view to protect domestic manufactures; and all appropriations to the purposes of internal improvements of the United States, and all appropriations in favour of the colonization society, or the patronage of the same, either directly or indirectly, by the general government.

6. Resolved, That the governor be requested to transmit copies of this preamble and resolutions to the governors of the several states, with a request that the same be laid before the legislatures of their respective states; and also, to our senators and representatives in congress, to be by them laid before congress, for considera

tion.

The excitement on the subject of VOL. III.

the tariff, which was partially indicated by the passage of these resolutions, was afterwards augmented by the obnoxious measure's passing into a law.

Meetings of the citizens were held in different places, and resolutions adopted, expressing a strong and violent disapprobation of the tariff system. The following legislative protest, received the sanction of the legislature the next session, December 19th, 1828:

Protest of the legislature of South Carolina, against the system of protecting duties.-The senate and house of representatives of South Carolina, now met and sitting in general assem bly, through the honourable William Smith, and the honourable Robert Y. Hayne, their representatives in the senate of the United States, do, in the name and on behalf of the good people of the said commonwealth, solemnly protest against the system of protecting duties, lately adopted by the federal governinent, for the following

reasons:

1. Because the good people of this commonwealth believe that the powers of congress were delegated to it in trust, for the accomplishment of certain specified objects which limit and control them, and that every exercise of them for any other purposes, is a violation of the constitution, as unwarrantable as the undisguised assumption of substantial independent powers, not granted or expressly withheld.

2. Because the power to lay duties on imports is, and in its very nature can be, only a means of effecting the objects specified by the constitution; since no free government, and least of all, a government of enumerated powers, can of right impose any tax (any more than a penalty) which is not at once justified by public necessity, and clearly within the scope and purview of the social compact, and since the confining appropriations of the public money, to such legitimate and constitutional objects, is as essential to the liberties of the people, as their unquestionable privilege to be taxed only by

their own consent.

passed by congress at its last session, and all other acts, of which the principal object is the protection of manufactures, or any other branch of domestic industry-if they be considered as the exercises of a supposed power in congress to tax the people at its own good will and pleasure, and to apply the money raised, to objects not specified in the constitution, is a violation of these fundamental principles, a breach of a well defined trust, and a perversion of the high powers vested in the federal government for federal purposes only.

3. Because they believe that the tariff law

4. Because such acts, considered in the light of a regulation of commerce, are equally liable to objection-since, although the power to regulate commerce may, like other powers, be exercised so as to protect domestic manufactures, yet it is clearly distinguished from a power to do so co nomine, both in the nature of the thing and in the common acceptation of the terms; and because the confounding of them would lead to the most extravagant results, since the encouragement of domestic industry implies an

absolute control over all the interests, resour

ces and pursuits of a people, and is inconsistent with the idea of any other than a simple consolidated government.

5. Because from the cotemporaneous exposition of the constitution, in the numbers of the Federalist, (which is cited only because the supreme court has recognised its authority,) it is clear that the power to regulate commerce, was considered by the convention, as only incidentally connected with the encouragement of agriculture and manufactures: and because the power of laying imposts, and duties on imports, was not understood to justify, in any case, a prohibition of foreign commodities, except as a

means of extending commerce by coercing for

eign nations to a fair reciprocity in their inter

course with us, or for some other bona fide commercial purpose.

6. Because that whilst the power to protect manufactures is no where expressly granted to congress, or can be considered as necessary and proper to carry into effect any specified power, it seems to be expressly reserved to the states, by

the tenth section of the first article of the constitution.

7. Because even admitting congress to have a constitutional right to protect manufactures by the imposition of the duties, or by the regulations of commerce, designed principally for that purpose, yet a tariff of which the operation is grossly unequal and oppressive, is such an abuse of power, as is incompatible with the principles of a free government, and the great ends of civil society, justice, and equality of rights and pro

tection.

8. Finally, because South Carolina from her climate, situation, and peculiar institutions, is, and must ever continue to be, wholly dependant upon agriculture and commerce, not only for her prosperity, but for her very existence as a state-because the abundant and valuable products of her soil; the blessings by which Divine Providence seems to have designed to compensate for the great disadvantage under which she suffers in other respects, are among the very few

which can be cultivated with any profit by slave

labour; and if by the loss of her foreign commerce, these products should be confined to an inadequate market, the fate of this fertile state would be poverty and utter desolation. Her citizens in despair, would emigrate to more fortunate regions, and the whole frame and constitu

tion of her civil polity be impaired and derang

ed, if not dissolved entirely.

Deeply impressed with these considerations, the representatives of the good people of this commonwealth, anxiously desiring to live in peace with their fellow citizens, and do all that in them lies, to preserve and perpetuate the union of the states, and the liberties of which it is the surest pledge-but feeling it to be their bounden duty to expose and to resist all encroachments upon the true spirit of the constitution, lest an apparent acquiescence in the system of protecting duties should be drawn into precedent, do, in the name of the commonwealth of South Carolina, claim to enter upon the journals of the senate, their protests against it as unconstitution al, oppressive, and unjust.

This protest was entered on the senate journal, February 10th, 1829.

December. The honourable Stephen D. Miller, was on the 11th of this month, elected governor and

commander in chief of the state; and Thomas Williams, jun. Esq. was elected lieutenant governor.

Robert Y. Hayne was re-elected without opposition, a senator of the United States, from the state of South Carolina, for six years from the 4th day of March next.

LEGISLATURE.-The Legislature of the state of South Carolina adjourned on the 20th inst. Previous to the adjournment, William Harper

was elected chancellor of the state.

February, 1829.-RAIL ROAD-A corps of the United States engineers, under command of Dr. Howard, are engaged in the survey of a route for a rail road from Charleston to Hamburg. Dr. H. has made a valuable communication to the president and directors of the company, suggesting an extention to the Tennessee river, which, when improved, (for which a large appropriation has been made by congress,) may rival the Ohio in the activity of its trade.

June. At a meeting of the stockholders of the South Carolina canal and rail road company, held on the 9th instant, it was unanimously resolved that the directors of the company be authorized to construct and complete, forthwith, a portion of the rail road between Charleston and Hamburg.

COTTON.-The Charleston Patriot publishes a statement of the exports of cotton and rice from Charleston for the last eight years. From the 31st of September, 1819, to the 1st of October, 1820, there were 125,475 bales of upland cotton, 21,474 do. Sea Island, and 64,153 tierces of rice. From September, 1820, to October, 1821, there were 98,678 uplands, 24,682 Sea Islands, and 75,366 tierces of rice. From September, 1821, to October, 1822, there were 104,540 uplands, 25,510 Sea Islands, and 78,161 rice. From September, 1822 to 1823, there were 136,166 uplands, 26,744 Sea Islands, and 80,398 rice. From September, 1823, to October, 1824, there were 129,886 uplands. 24,635 Sea Islands, and 102,170

tierces of rice. From September, 1824, to October, 1825, there were 141,074 uplands, 18,253 Sea Islands, and 92,577 rice. From September, 1825, to October, 1826, there were 164,543 uplands, 12,647 Sea Islands, and 95,193 rice. From September, 1826, to October, 1827, there were of uplands 199,175, of Sea Islands, 31,828, and of rice 108,533 tierces. Of course, the exportation for the last year is greater on all the articles than in any previous year.

August.-GREAT FRESHET IN THE PEE BEE.-On the night of the 6th inst. the river began to rise, and by morning it had risen thirty feet-it continued to rise slowly through the 7th, attaining its greatest height by 9 o'clock of the 8th-at this time, a breach was made in the dam, of great height and extent, erected by Gen. David R. Williams; the torrent which rushed in at this point was so great, as to snap in two, like a pipe stem, a cotton log three feet through, which was sucked in across the breach. This tremendous gush of water soon washed down the dam under the wings of a mill which had been erected about three years since, and in less than five minutes time, tore up foundation, mill, and every thing, turning the mill round, and carrying it into Buckhold's creek, clearing itself a passage through the trees with the resistlessness of a tornado; and in less than two hours after, all the cotton of two adjoining plantations belonging to General W. was destroyed. The loss is represented to have been very large on all the river low grounds.

GOLD-Is found in small quantities near the Tiger river. There was a vein of it discovered in Davidson county, said to be 80 feet in width. In June, 1828, a company was formed and commenced the gold mining business in Yorkville district with every prospect of success.

DECREASE OF SLAVES IN SOUTH CAROLINA.-It appears from the reports of the comptroller of South Carolina, that the number of slaves in that state decreased in one year,

from 1824 to 1825, thirty-two thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven; and in the next year, one thousand one hundred and twenty-nine. Total decrease in two years, 33,856; being more than one eighth of the whole number (260,282,) in 1824.

CHARLESTON.-The Charleston Mercury says that the following comparative statement of the white population of the parishes composing the district of Charleston, as taken in the years, 1819 and 1829, has been furnished for publication by the gentlemen appointed by the state legislature to take the census the present year:

Total, 17,706 17,202

The statement shows a decrease in ten years which cannot but be considered very remarkable.

The bill of mortality, for the year 1828, gives the following results: whole number of deaths 793, of whom 358 were white, and 435 black persons. Of the white, 190 were natives of South Carolina, 66 of other states, and 102 foreigners. The white males were 232, females only 126. Nearly the same number of black males and females died.

Ages-under 3 years 235-3 to 10, 43-10 to 20, 37--20 to 30, 112–30 to 40, 112-40 to 50, 73-50 to 60, 65-60 to 70, 51-70 to 80, 45-80 to 90, 14-90 to 100, 5-above 100, one.

Diseases-apoplexy 22, convulsions 45, consumption 118, debility 34, diarrhoea 45, dropsy 57, fevers-bilious 24, country 18, stranger's 26, hooping cough 67, old age 58, teething 29. All else under 20 cases.

MURDER.-A curious case of murder was tried in May, 1829, at Fairfield court. It was that of Shadrach Jacobs for the murder of Andrew Feaster. The murder was commit

ted as far back as the year, 1808; Jacobs was arrested and confined, but soon made his escape, and fled to the west, where he continued to reside, until he was recently discovered and brought back. He was accordingly

tried and convicted, and appealed for a new trial, but the appeal court refused to grant it. He was sentenced to be executed, which sentence was carried into effect.

1827.-In December of this year, the legislature adopted a report of the committee on the state of the republic, containing their views upon the powers claimed and exercised by congress, for the purpose of encouraging domestic manufactures, and effecting a system of internal improvement. In this report, the committee contend that the states, through their legislatures, have a right to complain of, and redress if they can, all usurpations by the general government. Respecting internal improvements, they say, "if the subjects of domestic manufactures and internal improvements depended upon the question of expediency, we should have nothing to say; for that is a matter purely within the power of congress; and although we should greatly deplore the adoption and continued prosecution of a policy obviously grinding down the resources of one class of states to build up and advance the prosperity of another of the same confederacy, yet it would be ours to submit under the terms of our compact. All argument is vain, against interest supported by power. But we do most solemnly believe, that such policy is contrary to the letter and spirit of the federal constitution." After this assertion, the committee proceed to state their reasons for this construction of the constitution, and conclude with the following resolution:

"Resolved, That his excellency, the governor, be, and he is hereby requested to cause the foregoing report to be laid before congress at its next session, and that he forward a copy of the same to each of the other states, to be laid before their respec

tive legislatures, for the concurrence of such as may approve of the principles therein avowed, and as due notice to those who may dissent from the same, that Georgia as one of the contracting parties to the federal constitution, and possessing equal rights with the other contracting parties, will insist upon the construction of that instrument, contained in said report, and will submit to no other."

Read and agreed to.

Thomas Stocks, President.

Attest.

Wm. Y. Flansell, Secretary.
In the house of representatives,
Dec. 24, 1827, read and concurred in.
Irby Hudson, Speaker.

Attest.

Wm. C. Dawson, Clerk. BANKS.-There are six banks in the state, viz. the bank of Augusta, which has a capital of $600,000.00, and bills in circulation to the amount of $379,923.00; the bank of Macon, the proportion of the capital stock of which paid in, is 50,000, and which has bills in circulation to the amount of $87,972; the Marine and Fire Insurance Company, which has deposits to the amount of $43,217.98, and bills in circulation to the amount of $125,845.00; the bank of the state of Georgia, which has capital stock to the amount of $1,500,000.00, and notes in circulation $1,119,853; the Planters' bank, which has notes in circulation of the old and new emission, $259,210, and a capital stock of $649,050.00; and the bank of Darien, which has a stock of $484,450.00, and bills in circulation to the amount of $396,524.44.

TREASURY.-Receipts and expen