All these things will be made plain by putting small patches on the ecliptic of a globe, as far from one another as the Moon moves from any point of the celestial ecliptic in 24 hours, which at a mean rate is 131 degrees; and then in turning the globe round, observe the rising and setting of the patches in the horizon, as the index points out the different times in the hourcircle. As these signs, which rise with the least angles, set with the greatest, the vernal full Moons differ as much in their times of rising every night, as the autumnal full Moons differ in their times of setting; and set with as little difference as the autumnal full Moons rise; the one being in all cases the reverse of the other. Hitherto, for the sake of plainness, we have supposed the Moon to move in the ecliptic, from which the Sun never deviates. But the orbit in which the Moon really moves is different from the ecliptic: one half being elevated 5 degrees above it, and the other half as much depressed below it. The Moon's orbit therefore intersects the ecliptic in two points diametrically opposite to each other; and these intersections are called the Moon's Nodes. So the Moon can never be in the ecliptic but when she is in either of her Nodes, which is at least twice in every course from change to change, and sometimes thrice. For, as the Moon goes almost a whole sign more than round her orbit from change to change; if she passes by either Node about the time of change, she will pass by the other in about fourteen days after, and come round to the former Node two days again before the next change. That Node from which the Moon begins to ascend northward, or above the ecliptic, in northern latitudes, is called the Ascending Node, and the other the Descending Node. When the Ascending Node is in Aries, the angle is only 9 degrees on the parallel of London when Aries rises. But when the Descending Node comes to Aries, the angle is 20 degrees; this occasions as great a difference of the Moon's rising in the same signs every nine years, as there would be on two parallels to 10 degrees from one another, if the Moon's course were in the ecliptic. The following Table shows how much the obliquity of the Moon's orbit affects her rising and setting on the parallel of London, from the 12th to the 18th day of her age, supposing her to be full at the autumnal equinox; and then either in the Ascending Node, highest part of her orbit, Descending Node, or lowest part of her orbit. M signifies morning, A afternoon; and the line at the foot of the Table shows a week's difference in rising and setting. As the Moon can never be full but when she is opposite to the Sun, and the Sun is never in Virgo and Libra but in our autumnal months, it is plain that the Moon is never full in the opposite signs, Pisces and Aries, but in these two months. And therefore we can have only two full Moons in the year, which rise so near the time of sunset for a week together, as abovementioned. The former of these is called the Harvest Moon, and the latter the Hunter's Moon. Years in which the Harvest Moons are least beneficial. 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1844 1845 Years in which they are most beneficial. 1817 1818 1835 1836 1853 1854 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1861 To the Harvest Moon, by H. K. W. Moon of Harvest, how I love Lights the wide surrounding scene; In the blue vault of the sky, Where no thin vapour intercepts thy ray, 1860 But in unclouded majesty thou walkest on thy way. September 20. SS. Eustachius and Companions Martyrs. St. Agapetus Pope and Confessor. Orises at v. 50'. and sets at vi. 10. Romuli natalis, secundùm Plutarchum.-Rom. Cal. POMONA. As this is the period when the greatest number of Apples begin to be coloured, and to be fit for gathering in succession, we shall take this opportunity of subjoining a select list proper for a garden of ordinary size: for the almost innumerable varieties cultivated in orchards, we must refer to Forsyth's excellent Book on Trees, and to the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London. Selection of Apple Trees for a moderate sized Garden. The Early Codlings, the Junetings, Golden Pippin, Ripston Pippin, Golden Rennet, Nonpareils, Nonesuch, Sykehouse, Aromatic Pippin, Winter Pearmain, Royal Pearmain, Lown's Pearmain, Lemon Pippin, Pomme Grise, Margil, French Crab, Russetins of different sorts, Baking Codlings, and Redstreaks. If the size of the garden will admit of more, we may add the Duck's Bill, Golden Knob, Winter Redstreak, Summer Pearmain, Red Pearmain, Pomroy, Pomme d'Api, Bursdoff, Cat's Head, and Norfolk Beaufin. But the varieties of the Apple are innumerable, as they are all Lusus; and come from seeds at first, per haphazard, being afterwards propagated by Cions or, as gardeners call them, Grafts. The gathering in of Apples, Pears, and other fruits at this season, is a very interesting time, and perhaps connected with as many pleasing associations as the employment of any time of year. The light gales of September usually strew a large quantity of ungathered fruit on the ground, which should be used first. We shall treat of Pears to morrow. HYGEIA. This is, of all times of the year, the most productive of Epidemical Disorders of the Bowels, which are erroneously ascribed to fruits, but which, in reality, the autumnal fruits seem best calculated to mollify, as we have elsewhere observed. If the diarrhea be very violent, or accompanied with incessant vomiting, as in Cholera Morbus, the best practice is, after the intestinal canal has been suffered copiously to evacuate itself, to take small doses of chalk, or of some other substance known to check the disorder, with which Chemists are always prepared. But in ordinary cases, it is a safer plan to let the disease spend itself, as there is a great deal of irritation of the intestines, which the flux carries off. We should avoid eating animal food, but take tea, broths, gruel, and other diluents, and the disorder will usually soon subside of itself. After it has so subsided we should guard against its return, by taking great care to keep the bowels regular, by eating light and vegetable food and fruits, or now and then taking a gentle dose of Alöes, gr. iiii. The pills which commonly go by the name of Hunt's Pills, if genuine, are very good medicines to regulate the bowels. When low spirits and want of bile indicate the liver to partake much of the disease, two grains of the Pil. Hydrarg. commonly called Blue Pill may be used now and then with advantage. September 21. ST. MATTHEW Apostle. St. Maura rises at v. 52'. and sets at VI. 8'. St. Matthew the holy evangelist was the son of Alpheus, a Jew of the tribe of Issachar, and was by profession a publican or taxgatherer. He was slain by some infidels at Nadabaer, about the year 60. St. Matthew is usually represented sitting with a pen in his hand, and a scroll before him, and he is looking over his left shoulder at an angel, who is supposed to be instructing him what to indite. A halbert is placed near his person, in commemoration of the instrument by which he was put to death. The festival was first instituted in the year 1090. St. Matthew wrote his gospel in Hebrew, for the benefit of the Jewish converts; it was afterwards translated into Greek. The Sermon of Jesus Christ on the Mount is considered to be given much more in detail in the gospel of St. Matthew than in any of the others; and this, considering that the said Sermon is the very declaration of Jesus Christ himself, and must therefore be interpreted literally, is a circumstance of importance in religion, and worthy the consideration of theologians; since where any discrepancy of doctrine may be found between the literal declaration of this discourse and that of other parts of Scripture, the Sermon on the Mount is, for the abovestated reason, entitled to decide the question, and to be regarded as having prior claims to our attention. CHRONOLOGY.- Edward II. murdered by his Queen Isabella in 1327 : thus Gay observes: Shewolf of France with unrelenting fangs, That tear'st the bowels of thy mangled mate. The peculiar and horrid death of Edward II. is well known to all readers of history. Charles V. died in 1558. POMONA.- We resume today our remarks on the Autumnal Pomona, by an enumeration of the principal sorts of Pear which, in gardens of an ordinary size, may be employed to produce a regular succession of excellent fruit. The following Pears may be selected for a small Garden.-The Musk Pear, the Windsor, the Jargonelle, the Cuisse Madame, the Green Chissel, the Summer Bergamot, the Summer Bonchrêtien, the Swan's Egg, the Autumn Bergamot, the Gunsel's Bergamot, the Orange Bergamot, the Brown Buerré, the Golden Beurie, the Doyenne, the Crasane, the Winter Bonchrêtien, the Chaumonselle, the St. Germaine, the Maître Jean, the Bergamot de Pasque, the D'Auch, L'Eschasserie. To these we might add many more excellent Pears which are grown in large gardens in this country, and others which we have seen in France, without any particular names. Indeed, the varieties of the Pear are almost as numerous as those of the Apple; and fresh sorts are every now and then added to the Catalogue, by the Lusus Naturae which takes place in the formation of the seeds. The above list of Pears will furnish a regular succession of fruit. In a large garden, the following might be added: The Avoret, the Cassolette, the Red Orange Pear, Beurré Rouge, Swiss Bergamot, St. Austin, La Pastorelle, the Long Green Pear, and many others. September 22. SS. Maurice and Companions Martyrs. St. Emmeran Bishop and Martyr. CHRONOLOGY. rises at v. 54'. and sets at vI. 6'. Battle of Mycale fought between the Greeks and Persians, B. C. 497. On the same day Mardonius was defeated and killed at Platea. Ostend, after a long siege, surrendered to Spain in 1604. Biddle, the first English Unitarian, died in prison, where high Church Bigots and Fanatics had incarcerated him for his Socinian principles. George III. and Queen Charlotte crowned in 1761. Died in 1738 the celebrated Boerhaave the Naturalist, who was born at Voorhout by Leyden in Holland, in the year 1668. Virgilii mors.-Rom. Cal. The death of Virgil, recorded today in the Julian Calendar, shows the peculiar estimation in which the Romans must have held their favourite Poet, whose rustic muse Horace thus alludes to in his description of the Poets, Satyr. i. Virgilio annuerant gaudentes rure Camoenae. FLORA.-The Michaelmas Daisy Aster Tradescanti often begins to blow about this time, and continues throughout the next month, and part of November. On fine days the quantity of Bees that settle on the clustered flowers of a large tuft of this plant, exceeds belief. They probably gather together in great numbers, because other flowers are now less abundant, for they are most numerous about this plant towards November. COELUM.-The weather is usually fine about this time, but when it is otherwise, we have usually a strong wind, so |