them, and are finally enabled to enter life under res- [ 1624, he was also buried there on the 20th of the same month, under which date he is designated in pectable auspices. the Register as " Imo Jacobo Regi Yoman." By his will, bearing date January 20th, 1623, he bequeathed his large property, supposed of the value of £50,000, partly to his relations, natural offspring, and others, and the surplus to found an Hospital for the maintenance, education, &c. of poor "fatherless boys, freemen's sons of the town of Edinburgh." "The Hospital in which this charity is maintained is a noble quadrangle of the gothic order, and as ornamental to the city as a building, as the manner in which the youths are provided for and educated renders it useful to the community as an institution: --to the honour of those who have the management, (the magistrates and clergy of Edinburgh) the funds of the Hospital have increased so much under their care, that it now supports and educates 130 youths annually: many of the scholars have done honour to Sir Walter their country in different situations." says further, that he was induced to choose Heriot for his hero as laying no claim to high birth, or romantic sensibility, but as possessing, "worth of character, goodness of heart, and rectitude of principle;"-and he afterwards makes the singular acknowledgment, for a Novelist of such high reputation as himself, that he is "no great believer in the moral utility to be derived from fictitious compositions. Heriot's Hospital, which stands upon a rising ground, immediately to the south of the Castle at Edinburgh, was erected from the designs of Inigo Jones, but with many variations to suit the views of the trustees; and particularly of Dr. Walter Balcanquel, Dean of Rochester, one of Heriot's executors, to whom he had consigned the entire arrangement of this foundation, and by whom the Statutes were drawn up under which it is still governed. The residue of the testator's property, (after deducting legacies, bad debts, and compositions for debts resting with the crown) amounted to the sum of £23,625. 10s. 3 d. which was paid over to the Governors of the hospital in May, 1627, and, on the 22nd of the following month, the trustees purchased, of the citizens of Edinburgh, eight acres and a half of land, near the Grass Market, in a field called the High Riggs, for the sum of 7,600 marks, Scottish money; and on that spot, on the 1st July, 1628, the foundations of the Hospital were But the national troubles (during which, from laid. 1650 to 1658, the building was occupied as an infirmary for the English army), retarded its completion until April, 1659, on the 11th of which month it was Heriot was descended of a family of that name, of some antiquity in East Lothian. His father, who was also a goldsmith, and one of the most respectable men of his time, was a burgess of Edinburgh, and served frequently as a Commissioner for that city, both in the Convention of Estates, and in the Parliament. The younger Heriot, having succeeded to his business, was, in 1597, appointed by King James, under a writ of privy seal, dated at Dunfermline, July the 27th, goldsmith to his Queen; an event which is thus noticed in an old Diary :—“1597. The 27 of Julii, George Heriot maid the Quein's gold-first ready for the reception of boys. The sum exsmythe; and was intimate at the Crosse, be opin proclamatione and sound of trumpet; and ane Clei, the French man, discharged, quha was the Quein's goldsmythe beefor." Soon afterwards he was appointed jeweller and goldsmith to the King himself; and in that capacity, after the decease of Queen Elizabeth, he accompanied his master to England. He was twice married, but does not appear to have had any children by his wives; although he had two illegitimate daughters, named Elizabeth Band and Margaret Scot, to whom he bequeathed £200 each; besides considerable property in lands, houses, &c. at Roehampton, in Surrey, and in the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London; of which latter he was an inhabitant. Dying in the same parish, on the 12th of February, Waverley Novels," vol xxvi. Introduction, p. v. † Vide “Diary of Robert Birrel, Burges of Edinburgh,” f. 44. Dalyell's Fragments of Scottish History. pended for its erection appears to have been about * Vide" Memoirs of George Heriot," p. 28. : The Hospital is a well-built quadrangular edifice, of tyme Jeweler to King James the Sixth, of happie memorie, who mortified not only so much of his Estate as founded and completed this stately Hospital, but doeth now also maintaine 130 poor Burgeses and Freemens children of the citie of Edinburgh; in the tearmes specified in the Statuts of the said Hospitall, compiled by D: Balcanquell, D. of Rochester, the Founder's Trustee for that effect, the mixed style of architecture prevalent at the period of its design at each angle is a square tower, turretted; and on the north, or principal front, is a lofty central tower, terminating in an octagonal cupola. Beneath this tower is a vaulted archway, leading into the court-yard, over the middle of which, within a niche, is a statue of the benevolent founder, standing, in a short cloak, in the general dress of his degree and times. On the fascia of the entablature above the niche is inscribed; CORPORIS HÆC ANIMA EST HOC OPUS EFFIGIES. Anno Domine, Mм.DC.XCIII. We shall conclude this article by fac similes of the autographs both of Queen Anne of Denmark and Heriot himself: that of the Queen is attached to the Over the outer gate there is, also, the following in- following order :scription : Fundendo Fundavi. Vi cor incaluit Pietatis et Charitatis] Sic vos Deus, ut vos eos, Deus nobis hæc otia fecit. On the central part of the south-front is a circular tower, which exhibits a handsome pointed window, forming part of the Chapel: the latter is suitably fitted up for the accommodation of the boys, who assemble here every morning and evening to prayers, in accordance with the Statutes of the Institution. Over the entrance is this sentence: Aurifici dederat mihi, vis divina perennem, Et Facere in Terris, in Cali, et ferre, coronam. The ingenious Monagram at the head of this article, and which consists of a fanciful arrangement of the name GEORGE HERIOT, is copied from a stone chimney-piece within the hospital. It is freely sculptured; and, like the Apprentices' Pillar, in Rosslyn Chapel, is rarely omitted to be pointed out to the visitor by the cicerone of the place. In the Council-room are original portraits, but in a decayed state, of the founder and his father, which were presented to the Governors by the Earl of Buchan: on that of the son is ' Anno ætatis suæ 26, 1589; and on that of the elder Heriot, Anno ætatis suæ 50, 1590.' There is also a portrait inscribed 'William Aytonne, Measter Meason to Heriot's Vorke;'-who was one the most skilful masons of his time. Among the inscriptions in the Councilroom, and which record the names and benefactions of different persons, is the following : "To the pious and worthie Memorie of GEORGE HERIOT, Goldsmith, Burges of Edinburgh, and some It is a singular fact, that in this building there are no two windows which resemble each other. "Sir thomas kneuat. We desyre you to delyuere to marster heriot our Jouellere, the soume of nyne hunderithe and twenty poundes. And ressaue his acquytance upowne the same. me At hamptowne Court the saxt day of October 1606." Anna R Heriot's signature is appended to a brief statement of his charge for jewels and goldsmith's work furnished to the Queen in the course of ten months, viz. "The acompt of my firnishinge maid to hir matie from the xth of june 1608 to the ix of apryll 1609, extending to the some of 2896" 65 money of England." George herrete * The number of boys now supported on this foundation is 180.—In 1828, Mr. John Goldicutt published "Illustrations of Heriot's Hospital, Edinburgh," in eight plates; small fol. THE new Church of ST. DUNSTAN in the west, which is now nearly completed, and of which the above cut represents an exterior prospect, has been built at the expense of the parishioners, from the designs, and principally under the superintendence of the late John Shaw, Esq. F.R.S. and F.S.A., architect of Christ's Hospital. The foundations were commenced in November, 1830, and the superstructure in June, 1831; the contract for the former being £1545, and for the latter £10,900. In the plan of this building there is some peculiarity, it being a regular octagon, about fifty feet in diameter, conjoined by a lobby on the south side to a lofty tower, in which is the principal en trance. The general design is conformable to the Pointed style of architecture, but the details are varied from those of any particular period. The tower, with its surmounting lantern, which, in an architectural point of view, is the most ornamental part of the edifice, is one hundred and thirty feet in height: that of the tower alone, to the battlements is ninety feet. The entrance doorway opens. by a deeply-recessed arch, having an angular pediment in front, crocketted and otherwise ornamented. Here also, in lateral compartments, are the Royal arms, and the arms of the City of London. A surmounting series of panelled work, including small blank shields, completes the basement division; above | large pointed window,) and three others by the organ this rises the belfry story, intended for the reception of the tuneable ring of eight bells, that belonged to the old church, and the sound of which will issue with effect through the four large windows, which are the main features of the second stage. In the compartment below the windows is a clock, with three dials. "Above these windows, the tower, hitherto square, becomes gradually octagonal, (springing from corbeled heads), till terminated by four octagonal pinnacles, and crowned by an octagonal moulded battlement. Upon the tower is an enriched stone lantern, perforated with gothic windows of two heights, each angle having a buttress and an enriched finial; the whole being terminated by an ornamental, pierced, and very rich crown parapet." The whole of this division of the building is of Ketton stone, which is a very superior kind of freestone from the county of Rutland; and with which material many of our finest edifices, in the midland parts of the kingdom, have been erected: the body of the church is of fine brick, finished with stone. and the galleries for the parish children. Against. the walls of the remaining recesses, which are unoccupied by galleries, are placed the sepulchral memorials from the old church. In the clere-story, which is supported on arches, are eight pointed windows. These enlighten the church, and, together with the altar window, are intended to be glazed with stained and painted glass. The roof springs from clustered columns, branching into an enriched groined ceiling, (which, also, is represented in the above plan,) with a very large pendant key-stone, richly sculptured, with foliaged ornaments, &c.; from which the chandelier will be suspended. The bosses, corbels, and other embellishments, throughout the interior, display great elegance; and the pewings, gallery fronts, and other fittings, (now in progress, under the direction of Messrs. Cubitt) are of fine oak. This edifice is calculated for the accommodation of about nine hundred persons.† The painted windows, altar, pulpit, &c. will be benefactions, amounting, probably, to between two and three thousand pounds. REMARKS, ON THE MODERN USE OF THE ARCHITECTURAL THE Cursory comparison which we have had occasion to institute between the various styles of Pointed architecture has thus led us to intimate a determination in favour of that last class of the art, which prevailed in this country from the close of the fourteenth throughout the whole of the fifteenth century-a class which includes all those productions comprehended under the appropriate denomination of " perpendicular Pointed," or erected since the first introduction of the flattened or obtuse arch. We would not, however, be understood to express an exclusive preference for those buildings in which the flattened arch prevails, since there are many admirable specimens of the perpendicular style, wherein that form of arch is scarcely seen to occur. Of this Westminster Hall may afford a fine illustration; so also a considerable portion of the cathedrals of York, Gloucester, Exeter, and others. It is at the same time true, that the excellent taste in The drawings from which the above cuts were executed were made by Mr. J. R. Thompson, from the original plans and elevations, obligingly furnished by the present J. Shaw, Esq. who has succeeded his late father both as architect to this church and to Christ's Hospital. matters of detail and composition, which developed itself at the close of the reign of Edward III., was contemporaneous with the first use of the obtuse arch; and that this arch, from being originally appropriated to occasional and minor purposes only, gradually extended its application, and imparted the characteristics of complexity of curve and intricacy of detail to all its accompaniments, until was displayed, at length, the gorgeous exuberance of that which is called the "Tudor style." All this progressive variety then is comprehended in the general term perpendicular English,"-(for here it is nationally and exclusively our own)-a term which, to the miscellaneous reader, may be explained as founded upon the prevalence, in works so classed, of perpendicular compartments, and continued vertical mullions, in the composition either of windows, or of the blank | tracery of walls, &c. 66 This class of art, while it claims for itself the highest order of architectural beauty, affords us precedents for edifices of the greatest variety of character, ecclesiastical, collegiate, castellated, civic, and general domestic, from the spacious manor house to the humble but ever-picturesque cottage. In the treatment of these subjects it displays to us the most ample resources for variety and tasteful effect, and mitigates the rigorous strictness of the older styles by sanctioning the free use, even in the same production, of arches of every curvature, while there is scarcely any really beautiful feature in the architecture of the previous ages, of which it does not exhibit some apt and authoritative modification. It may tend to illustrate the subject if we enumerate, severally, some of the more important members of composition, external and internal, offering a few remarks upon the principles of management in each, and adducing instances of the happy developement of those principles. duced should be such as fill up with most completeness the spaces assigned to them. Another circumstance observable in the composition of the most satisfactory specimens of ancient arch-headed windows, and one second only to the former, is, that where a window contains a greater number than three or four "days," its composition is divided into two or three principal masses by means of mullions, strengthened above the rest by the use of an additional moulding on the face, and terminating only in the great arch which bounds the whole: a practice essential to perspicuity and force of design. The east window of York cathedral has by some been adduced as the finest existing specimen of the perpendicular style of window; but if there be any ground for the observation just made, and any distinction of import between the terms "fine" and "showy," we venture to think that compositions may be found in this country of a more obviously meritorious character. The stronger mullions, which divide the lower part of the window in question into three general portions, (each of three again) are not continued in such a manner as to carry their full substance up into the mouldings of the great arch; and the head, therefore, which most needs the distinction, becomes, though crowded with ornamental compartments, somewhat deficient in character. The east window in the choir of Gloucester cathedral, though composed with no such dazzling intricacy as the former, exhibits a design in which the relation of parts is marked with much greater judgment and effect. In this noble subject the larger mullions running to the top divide the whole into three great and lofty portions; these again are subdivided in width and height, and terminate above in compartments at once highly elegant, characteristic and chaste. Another fine example of composition in the perpendicular style may be instanced in the great front window of Westminster Hall, which, together with the preceding specimen, displays that style in the simple pointed form. Of all the component features of Pointed architecture, none can be considered more striking than the Window,-a feature to which that style has In windows of the obtusely-arched outline we have imparted a beauty unimagined in the finest achieve- numberless happy illustrations of design. The great ments of classic times. The windows principally west window of King's College Chapel, those of the recognized in the perpendicular style are the simple little chapels which flank the same magnificent buildpointed, the obtuse pointed, the curtailed segment- ing, those of the clere-story of Henry the Seventh's headed, the square-headed, and the oriel.. In all chapel, and many others, might be adduced to exemplify these the consideration which most directly affects dignity and richness of effect, and freedom and elegance their excellence (propriety of moulding being presup- of outline. We are not, however, to consider that posed) is that any ornamental detail occurring in their specimens such as these exhaust the resources of the heads should be compounded of continuous lines and style under consideration; for there are many of the ramifications, happily blending with and issuing from older forms of Catherine-wheel and leaf-like compoeach other; and that any geometrical figures intro-sition in window-heads that would admit of modifica |