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47. unus, the same.

48. comptae, well ordered, though probably loose and flowing.— mansere, remained unchanged.

49. videri, an infin. used for specification: a Greek construction, developed from the meaning of purpose (§ 273, d; G. 424, R.; H. 533, ii. N.2).

50. mortale (cognate accusative). - quando (causal), for she is now inspired by the will of the deity.-iam propiore, nearer and nearer.

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51. cessas, do you hesitate? Supply ire.

52. neque enim ante, etc., for not before will the doors of the inspired abode fly open, i.e. not without vows and prayers.

53. fata (participle).

58. Aeacidae: Achilles was slain by the arrow of Paris, directed by Apollo. obeuntia, washing, governing terras.

60. Massylum, African (iv. 483). — praetenta which line: the fields are spread along the shore of the Syrtes.

61. prendimus, we have our grasp on the fleeting shores.

62. hac... tenus: often thus found separate, a relic of the usage before they grew together. — fuerit secuta (hortatory subj., § 266; G. 256, 3; H. 483, 2), thus far (and no farther) may the fortune of Troy have pursued us.

64. quibus obstitit = who were jealous of or offended by (strictly, “to whom it was a stumbling block").

66. venturi (§ 293, b; G. 671; H. 549, 4). — da considere, grant that the Trojans settle. non indebita fatis, due to my destinies: but fatis may be rendered either as dative or ablative.

69. templum: a temple of Apollo was built by Augustus on the Palatine, containing the statue of that god between those of Latona and Diana. 70. festos dies, the ludi Apollinares, established B.C. 212.

71. penetralia, shrine, referring to the reverence paid to the Sibylline books, kept in the care of an illustrious body of priests (lectos viros), the Quindecimviri sacris faciundis, and consulted in times of public

emergency.

74. foliis ne manda, see iii. 445-452.

75. ventis (dative of reference).

- immanis, wildly. si possit, to see if she can.

77. Phoebi nondum patiens, not yet mastered by Phœbus; he figure is that of an impatient horse trying to throw his rider. 78. bacchatur, ranges wildly. 79. excussisse, for the tense see § 288, d, R.; G. 275; H. 537, N. fatigat, worries.

80. fingit premendo, trains her by control.

83. defuncte, escaped (having got through with). — periclis, see $249; G. 405; H. 421, i.

84. terrae graviora, more dreadful perils of the land. Lavini, of Lavinium, their future kingdom.

86. non et venisse volent, they shall not be glad to have come, äs well.

.

non defuerint,

88. Simoïs, Xanthus: the former is held to stand for the Tiber, and the latter for the Numicius, where Æneas perished. shall not be wanting (§ 281, R.; G. 236, R.2; H. 473).

89. alius Achilles, i.e. Turnus, the young king of the Rutuli, whose heroic struggle against Æneas makes the subject of the remaining books. -partus, sprung up (ready) in Latium.

90. et ipse, he too, as well as the other. - addita, assigned = devoted

as an enemy.

91. supplex: Eneas is made to go in search of aid to Evander, whose kingdom is on the Palatine, where was afterwards the site of Rome.

92. oraveris (exclamatory question).

93. coniunx: Lavinia, daughter of king Latinus, Æneas's Italian bride. iterum, as was the case with Helen.

94. thalami, marriage.

95. ito: the future or second form of the imperative here denotes continuance (§ 269, d; G. 262; H. 487, 2).

96. qua, by whatever way.

97. Graia: Evander, the faithful ally of Æneas, is from Arcadia. ab, from.

100. ea frena, etc., thus Apollo shakes the reins as she raves, and plies the spurs beneath her side (ea = sic, like the common use of adj. for adv.). 105. praecepi, I have learned beforehand (compare anticipo). 107. dicitur, is called. - Acheronte refuso (abl. abs.), where Acheron disgorges: it was the overflow of the river that formed the palus Acherusia.

108. ire, subject of contingat, be it my lot to go.

114. sortem, common lot.

115. quin, nay, more.

117. omnia (cognate acc.): posse constantly takes a neuter accusative. 118. lucis Avernis, the groves of Avernis (v. 131). This is a lake near Cumæ, of volcanic origin. In all this region there remain to this day the sulphurous exhalations and other signs of volcanic action, with which the ancients connected the entrance to the lower world.

119. Manes: the spirits of the dead, conceived as dwelling beneath the earth. For the story of Orpheus, see Georg. iv. 454-527; Ovid. Met. xi. 1–84. — si, i.e. if they could do this, why not I who am also of divine descent?

120. fidibus: notice the quantity of the first i.

121. Pollux, the immortal one of the twin-brothers of Helen. He shared with Castor, in turn, his gift of immortality.

122. viam (cognate accusative).

127. Ditis: Dis or Dis Pater was the king of the under-world, corresponding to the Greek Hades, called also Pluto. His kingdom included the good as well as the bad, so that it does not answer to the modern phrase "Infernal regions."

128. revocare gradum : not that the return is difficult in itself, but that it depends on conditions which not all can attain.

129. hic, hoc: for gender, see § 195, d; H. 445, 4, a principle often before cited, but this case is a convenient example of it, because the two

pronouns refer to the same idea. · pauci (always with negative idea), only a few.

131. potuere (sc. hoc), have been able to do this.

134. innare (after cupido est, which is equal to cupis).

136. peragenda (sc. sunt), best treated as a direct question. 137. foliis, vimine (abl. of quality).

138. Iunoni infernae, queen of the world below. p. 199.)

140. operta, the hidden regions.

141. decerpserit (§ 327, a; G. 576; H. 520, i.).

142. Proserpina

=

(See Fig. 97,

Iuno inferna. This Latin name of the Greek Persephone is derived by Varro and others from pro-serpo; but this is probably only an attempt at popular etymology, and the name is probably a corruption from the Greek.

145. ergo, therefore, since it is indispensable. -alte, on high; cf. v. 136. - rite repertum, when duly found.

147. aliter si non vocabit.

148. vincere, overcome its resistance.

149. praeterea, one thing more. - tibi (ethical dative).

152. sedibus (dative). — ante, first. — sepulchro (ablative).

154. sic demum, as usual, with a negative implication, only in this way.

155. presso ore (abl. abs.), with fast-closed lips.

157. caecos ́eventus: the Sibyl's predictions, the matter of the golden bough, and the death of one of his companions.

159. vestigia figit, plants his footsteps, i.e. walks slowly and thoughtfully. curis (abl. of manner).

160. multa serebant, discoursed much, properly, wove.

162. diceret, an indirect question depending on the idea of questioning implied in serebant.

164. Misenum: the death of a comrade named Misenus was part of the old legend. The name is given as a companion of Æneas on the Tabula Iliaca after Stesichorus, a part of which is given in Fig. 64, p. 116. Cape Miseno, at one extremity of the bay of Naples, still keeps his name. One account made him the pilot of the fleet: hence the apparent confusion between him and Palinurus. Aeoliden, either from Æolia, or son of the god Eolus, a complimentary name (like "sons of thunder"), perhaps to indicate the vigor of his blast. — indigna, undeserved.

167. lituo: the lituus was a curved trumpet, for cavalry; the tuba, a straight one, for infantry. Virgil uses the names indifferently (v. 233). So concha (v. 171), which is used for any wind instrument, hints at the

rivalry with Triton (i. 144); or, possibly, means that Misenus tried his voice in a shell which he picked up on the shore.

170. inferiora, a less noble destiny.

173. aemulus Triton: in the spirit of the old mythology, whoever excels in any art is said thereby to provoke the jealousy of some deity. See the story of Arachne (Ovid, Met. vi. 1-69).

177. aram sepulcri, the sepulchral mound, or funeral pile.

178. caelo (dative).

179. itur (§ 146, c; G. 199, r.'; H. 301, 1). — stabula, cf. v. 7. 181. fissile, i.e. smaller wood.

182. montibus, from the mountains.

183. primus, foremost.

184. paribus, the same. — armis, tools (§ 225, d; G. 348; H. 384, 1). 186. voce, aloud: Ribbeck has forte.

187. ostendat: the conclusion is omitted, as in English; that is, it is never formulated even in the mind, but left vague, so that the whole equals a wish. arbore (loc. abl.), on the tree.

188. tanto this great: quando gives the reason for the hope.

193. maternas aves: doves were sacred to Venus, and her car was drawn by them.

194. cursum, your flight.

195. lucos, that part of the grove.

pinguem, i.e. fertile in gold. 199. prodire (histor. infin.), went in advance, alighting here and there to feed.

200. acie, instr. ablative. - possent (§ 319; G. 633; H. 503, 1). — sequentum, cf. i. 434, note.

201. grave olentis, see v. 240.

203. sedibus optatis, in the desired spot. -geminae, the pair. 204. discolor, of different hue, i.e. from the rest; see next verse. auri aura, the gleam of gold: the connection of light and air (aura) is frequent in ancient poetry.

205. brumali, of winter (bruma, brevima, the winter solstice, shortest day).- viscum, mistletoe: see "List of Plants."

206. fronde (abl. of manner).—nova, strange. -sua (§ 196, c; G. 295, R.; H. 449, 2).

211. cunctantem, here simply denoting the tenacity of gold: the branch in fact offered no resistance; cf. v. 146. —vatis, prophetic.

212. nec minus, none the less because of Æneas' absence.

213. ingrato, sad; or = mute, unable to express any thanks. suprema, last offices: the funeral rites here described were those usual in Rome. It was not, however, till long after Æneas that cremation instead of burial became the ordinary practice.

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