29. optem, see § 311, a; compare note over § 319; G. 602; H. 503, i. — demittere, bring into port; compare i. 381.

32. secundi: the wind is now astern, which had been abeam before they changed their course.

35. miratus, having seen with wonder.

36. rates (hendiadys).

37. pelle: Virgil here, as in many other places, preserves the remembrance of the earlier civilization, in which skins were the common covering; compare i. 275, and Fig. 45, p..87.

38. Criniso, the reading of most Mss., though the Greek name of the river is Crimisus. Egesta or Segesta, said the tale, was a Trojan maid whom her father had sent to Sicily, to avoid the doom of an oracle which commanded Trojan maidens to be cast to a sea-monster sent by Neptune to avenge the perfidy of Laomedon: her son by the river-god was Acestes (Egestus).

39. parentum, i.e. through whom he was akin to Æneas. 40. reduces = on their return.

presents.

gaza, store, i.e. of provisions and

42. primo, compare iii. 588 and note.

46. completur, is just closing.

49. nisi fallor: it should be remembered that the Roman calendar was extremely confused till the time of Julius Cæsar; hence it is not unnatural that Virgil should attribute a doubt on the subject to Æneas.

51. Gaetulis, etc., i.e. even in times of the utmost hardships and hazard (in barbarous Africa or on the hostile shores of Greece): much more under the friendly hospitality of Acestes. Notice the emphasis on hunc on this day if I were passing it, etc. 52. deprensus, overtaken by it.

396, vi.).

- Mycenae (§ 214, ƒ; G. 359; H.

53. pompas exsequerer, etc., I would perform the solemn procession (hence the noun exsequiae, used of funeral rites).

54. suis, appropriate.

55. nunc, but now as it is, opposed to the supposition above. — ultro, without our agency.

56. haud equidem, surely not.

57. delati, brought down to land by favoring winds.

perhaps for intravimus, which would be more natural.

intramus,

58. laetum, cheerful, with more of gratitude than grief, assured as we are of divine favor.

59. poscamus ventos, let us pray for favorable winds. Some

suppose that the prayer is addressed to the winds themselves (cf. iii. 115).

60. velit, may he [Anchises] be pleased to grant that, when my city is established, I may offer him yearly these rites in temples consecrated in his name (sibi). The construction is that of an object-clause after poscamus, without ut.

62. adhibete epulis, bid to your feast (see Hor. Od. iv. 5, 32; Ovid, Fasti iv. 827-830).

64. si

=

when (cf. German wenn).

nona Aurora: the novemdiale was a festival on the ninth day after death, when the days of mourning were ended (see Il. xxiv. 664; Bry. 843: “Nine days we would bewail him in the halls").

66. ponam, a technical word; compare Ecl. iii. 31.

67. qui: the antecedents are the subjects of adsint.

68. incedit, advances proudly. — viribus, referring to wrestling. iaculo: the hurling of the javelin is not included in the games which actually follow.

71. ore favete, i.e. let only auspicious words be spoken: the form regularly used for imposing silence when a religious ceremony is about to begin, because any quarreling or ill-omened expressions would destroy the sanctity of the rites. — ramis: the wreath was a regular accompaniment of all religious ceremonies.

73. aevi maturus (§ 218, c; G. 374, R.; H. 399, iii.), of ripe years, i.e. old as compared with Elymus or Ascanius.

Fig. 103.

75. ibat, passed.

77. carchesia, bowls (compare iii. 66; Ecl. v. 67): a vessel peculiar to Bacchus and Hercules. (See Fig. 103). - Baccho, see § 244.

78. sanguine, of course of a slain victim; cf. Ecl. v. 66.

79. purpureos, gay: the ancients applied the word to a wide range of colors on the purple side of red, and so often used it of a merely bright color as here.

80. cinere recepti, the ashes [of my father] in vain rescued; cf. iii. 66.

81. animae, umbrae: plural, like Manes, though of a single person. 82. non licuit (exclam.) = why was it not permitted me? compare iv. 550.

83. quicumque, whatever, but agreeing in gender with Thybrim; the expression implies a very human doubt as to his ever reaching the river, almost as if he said, "if there is any such."

84. anguis: the genius (v. 95, indwelling spirit, or tutelar divinity) of a place, especially of a tomb, is frequently typified by a serpent in ancient art (compare Ovid, Met. xv. 389, 390). (Fig. 104.) The seven coils have been fancifully held to signify the seven years of Æneas' wandering.

87. cui, see § 235, 4.- terga squamam (obj. of incendebat): translate, changing the con

struction, whose skin flamed with dark-blue spots, his scales with gleaming specks, a thous and varied colors, such as the bow casts on clouds when opposite the sun.-notae: by a natural inversion of ideas the marks (notae, fulgor) are said to light up the material, as it

were.

89. iacit: the subjunctive

is usual after ceu; but here

there is only a comparison,

"as when," and not, as usual, a supposition, "as if."

90. ille, the serpent: notice this common use of the pronouns to change the subject.

=

91. tandem serpens slowly winding.- pateras: the arrangements for libation consisted of a vessel of some kind; here pocula, carchesia, so called, to hold the liquid, and a similar shallow vessel from which it was poured, patera. -lēvia: notice the quantity.

92. libavit, compare i. 256 and note.-dapes, the offerings of blood, wine, milk.

=

94. hoc (abl. of cause). - instaurat continues with fresh zeal. genium loci: local deities seem often to be conceived in the form of serpents. The worship of serpents is a very ancient custom.

95. famulum: as a deified person, Anchises might have a special attendant.

96. putet, see § 334, b.suovetaurilia. (See Fig. 82, p. 166.)

99. remissos, sent back to share in these solemnities: apparently the shade, like a divinity, came to receive the offering; compare iii. 303.

100. quae... copia = every man according to his ability, i.e. eam copiam quae, in apposition with dona, etc.

102. ordine, in long array; i.e. all partake of the feast in companies; each around its own kettle or fire.

104. serena, with luce.

105. Phaethontis, the sun-god (Ecl. vi. 52).—equi. (See Fig. 105).

Fig. 105.

106. fama, the talk of the games.

108. Aeneadas: these famous exiles are more attractive even than the games. visuri, see § 293, b; G. 673, 3; H. 549, 3. — certare (§ 273, b; G. 424; H. 533, ii. 3); compare Ecl. vii. 5.—parati (§ 187, d; G. 202, R.; H. 438, 6).

109. circo (v. 289): it may here be used of the place of gathering, or of the circle of spectators.

110. tripodes: the tripod was a tall, slender, three-legged stand used to support sacred objects used in worship; a very common prize in games (Il. xxiii. 259, 264, 702). On account of the famous one at Delphi, it is peculiarly associated with the worship of Apollo. (See Fig. 106.)

112. perfusae, dyed.

113. commissos, see § 292, a; H. 549, N.2

114. pares, i.e. rivals. remis the ancient galleys relied on oars for their manœuvres, but used sails for speed. The ship-race here takes the place of the chariot-race in Homer, adopting some of its incidents.

116. Pristim: these fabulous creatures were probably represented in the ships' figure-heads.

117. Memmi: it was a fancy of the Romans to derive their names and descent from these Trojan heroes.

119. urbis opus, either vast, like a city or a work worthy of a city. Thus ships have been compared to floating islands. — triplici versu, in a triple tier; versu is used for row as also for a line in poetry, from the

turning to resume the count: in fact, however, triremes were not invented till some centuries later (Thuc. i. 13). (See Figs. 107 and 108.) 123. caerulea, the regular color of the sea-divinities (iii. 432). 124. saxum, a rock evidently just at the surface.

Fig. 107.

127. tranquillo, in calm (locative ablative of circumstance, whence comes the ablative of time).