354. capitis, etc. (obj. gen.), the wrong done to that dear life; supply admonet from preceding line.

355. fatalibus, destined (v. 82). For case see § 243, a; G. 389; H. 425, 2.

356. nunc, and now [not only these but] even, etc. — interpres, spokesman, messenger.

357. utrumque, i.e. both yours and mine: I swear by both our lives. 360. incendere, to torment.

Fig. 100.

362. iamdudum tuetur, had long been eyeing askance. The present here is used like the historical present instead of the imperfect, but is modified by the adverb, so that it is equal to the pluperfect in English upon the principle often cited.

364. tacitis = silently, though the eyes are said poetically themselves to be silent.

365. nec, etc., i.e. all your pretended origin is false, such a heart could only come of a barbarian origin. — cautibus (locative ablative).

368. quae... reservo = for what greater occasion do I keep my passion reserved? i.e. why should I restrain myself?

369. num, etc.: Dido turns Æneas' self-command into a reproach. lumina, i.e. did his glance waver so as to show any emotion?

tem (§ 221, a).

aman

371. quae quibus (both interrog.), what shall I say first, and what next? - iam iam nec, no longer now.

haec, my

372. nec... ... oculis, etc., i.e. the very gods are unjust. affairs, as hic often refers to what belongs to the first person. — aequis, impartial.

373. fides: since a pledge has been broken by one whose life I saved under such circumstances, confidence can be secure nowhere.

376. nunc (emphatic), opposed to the time when she rescued him. 378. horrida iussa, those frightful orders: compare the expression with the emphasis Æneas lays in v. 356.

379. scilicet, etc. (iron.), doubtless this is a task for the heavenly powers, a care to vex them in their repose.

381. sequere, pursue.

she hopes he may not escape.

ventis, undas, hinting at the perils which

382. equidem, but, i.e. go if you will, but I hope it will be your destruction.

383. hausurum: the figure is too harsh in English, "swallow your doom," i.e. meet your just doom, drowning among the rocks. — Dido, accusative object of vocaturum, i.e. in his remorse, seeing that his fate is a just punishment.

384. atris ignibus, with smoky torches, as the Furies are represented (vii. 456).— sequar, etc., i.e. living and dead I will pursue you. absens, i.e. my memory shall haunt you like an avenging Fury.

386. umbra adero, my ghost shall haunt you.

387. veniet fama: the shades below were supposed to receive intelligence from earth through those newly dead.

388. sermonem: apparently the interview, not her own words merely, which seem to have come to a climax.—auras, i.e. the light, the free air of heaven.

390. multa: the word repeated can hardly be used in two senses. Hence it must mean "Preparing to say much, and at the same time hesitating to say it," both words being governed by dicere.—metu, i.e. of adding to her distress.

391. suscipiunt: Dido apparently faints as she turns away, though Virgil leaves it unsaid.

392. thalamo (dat.), into her chamber.

413, R.').

stratis (§ 260, a; G.

393. pius: although this is a stock epithet, yet Virgil seems to have

purposely put it in here to remind us that Æneas is acting under divine direction, and to counteract our sympathy with the betrayed woman. — dolentem

her grief.

395. gemens (concessive, § 292; G. 670; H. 549, 2). — animum labefactus, wavering in mind.

397. tum vero, i.e. then more than ever. litore (loc. abl.).

398. deducunt, the technical term; cf. v. 551, and note.

399. frondentis remos, [boughs for] oars, still untrimmed; cf. i. 552.

400. studio (abl. of cause), in their eagerness.

401. migrantis cernas, you might discern them (from a distance) on their way. In prose the verb would be imperfect (§ 311, a, R.; G. 252; H. 485, N.), but the present is used here just as the historical present is for past tenses.

403. reponunt, lay away; a common force of re in composition. 405. calle angusto, on their narrow track, as the manner of ants is. 407. moras, the fault put for the offenders. — fervet, is alive. 409. fervĕre, an earlier form for fervēre; see § 134.

410. arce ex summa, from the top of the citadel, where her palace appears to be, as was Priam's. See ii. 438.

411. misceri, disturbed, filled confusedly.

412. quid, see § 240, a; G. 331, 2; H. 375.

414. animos, her proud heart.

415. frustra moritura, doomed to die in vain.

416. properari (impersonal).

418. coronas, as offerings to the gods.

419. si, etc. (= siquidem), if (i.e. since) I have been able to look forward to this great sorrow, I shall also be able to endure it.

420. tamen, etc., yet (though I can bear it), do me this one favor.

421. solam, i.e. more than all others.

422. colere (hist. inf.), [was wont] to regard.

423. mollis aditus, the easy approaches. — tempora, moods.

424. hostem superbum, the haughty stranger: the names for stranger, enemy, and guest easily shaded into one another. Of these, guest was probably the original meaning of this word. (See derivation in Lexicon.)

425. non ego, etc., i.e. I am not an enemy to be suspected. -exscindere (compare note to rumpi, v. 292).

426. Aulide, see note ii. 116. Aulis was the gathering-place of the Grecian fleet against Troy.

427. nec... revelli, I have not disturbed the ashes or the shade of

Anchises: an allusion to a story that Anchises' bones were taken from the tomb by Diomed, but afterwards restored to Æneas. The Manes would doubtless be disquieted at the violation of the sepulchre.

428. cur neget (i.e. since that is not so); why then, etc.?

430. exspectet, etc., compare v. 309: at least let him wait for calmer seas and favorable winds.

432. pulchro, his beautiful, with a sarcastic emphasis.

433. tempus inane, mere time, with, perhaps, the special idea of its being useless to him as well as to her.-requiem, etc., time for rest (hendiadys), i.e. time for her madness to subside.

434. dum doceat, until my fortune may teach me, subdued [as I shall then be], how to suffer.

436. quam I remittam. This line has been for centuries an insoluble riddle. The old sense, approved also by Ladewig, is more intelligible than any other. "When he shall have granted the favor (i.e. the short delay), I will repay it many fold (cumulatam) by my death." Her death which she has already spoken of, v. 385, would be the best solution of the difficulty for Æneas, and so a boon; not that she thinks of suicide, but she expects to die of a broken heart. The monte of Ribbeck is almost ludicrous.

437. talis, acc. plur. — fletus, tearful prayers.

438. fertque refertque, bears again and again.

439. tractabilis, yielding.

440. placidas, kindly.

441. robore (abl. of quality).

443. inter se, with each other (§ 99, d).

444. concusso (abl. abs.).

449. mens, his purpose as opposed to his feelings (pectus). — lacrimae . . . inanes, only idle tears are shed (by Æneas). — inanes, because they are mere expressions of feeling and do not affect his action.

451. convexa, compare strata viarum, i. 422.

452. quo magis peragat, etc., that she may the more surely fulfil her purpose and forsake life. Observe the irregular sequence of tenses, which is allowed by the different relation of the clauses; cf. i. 298. The construction is that of purpose, by a poetic figure, as if it were the purpose of the fates, a construction which naturally allows the primary sequence, while the construction with cum (as in imponeret) never does.

456. hoc visum, etc., this sight she tells to none.

457. templum, a shrine (same root as rέuvw, cut, and used of any spot consecrated by special rites). It was for the adoration of the manes of Sychæus, a Roman custom of great antiquity.

459. velleribus, bands of wool. - festa, such garlands were usual upon all solemn occasions.

462. bubo, here (only) feminine.

463. queri: compare Gray's Elegy, —

"The moping owl does to the moon complain."

· in fletum ducere, prolong her note to a wail.

464. praedicta, i.e. old mysterious prophecies recurring to her mind at this time of anxiety.

465. agit, etc., dreams also appear to alarm her.

468. Tyrios quaerere, etc., to seek the Tyrians (i.e. her own people) in vain in a deserted land.

469. Pentheus, king of Thebes, who watched in concealment the mysteries of Bacchus, and was torn in pieces by the Bacchanals. In his madness, he is represented by Euripides as seeing all objects double. These scenes were familiar to the Romans on the stage, and were favorite subjects in works of art.

471. scaenis, on the stage, in the "Eumenides" of Æschylus.

473. in limine, the regular seat of the Furies (compare vi. 279, 555, 574; vii. 343), that their victim may not escape. - matrem: as he had killed his mother Clytemnestra, she is supposed to appear to him as a Fury. It was by these avenging deities that the ancients represented the stings of a guilty conscience driving the guilty man insane.

474. concepit, became possessed by.

475. exigit, strictly weighs; here, considers.

477. spem (§ 238, a) fronte serenat, feigns calm hope (properly, she expresses a hope by smoothing her brow).

479. reddat (purpose clause). — solvat, set free; cf. Ecl. viii. 64 et eo, from him, i.e. her love for him. - me amantem, your love

seq.
lorn sister.

481. ultimus, remotest of lands. Atlas, see v. 246 and note. 482. aptum, in its proper sense of fitted, i.e. studded, as participle of the lost verb apo, whence apiscor.

483. hinc, from there, i.e. from that region.

484. Hesperidum, see Bulfinch's Age of Fable.

486. mella, papaver: honey and poppy-seeds were a favorite seasoning among the Romans, sprinkled on more solid food (spargens). The term soporiferum is merely descriptive of the plant: the honey-cake was probably not to put the dragon to sleep, but to gain control over him by feeding him with dainties. It is, however, the conventional diet of these

creatures.